青海湖东普氏原羚及生境地微量元素季节变化研究
|
摘要
普氏原羚是我国特有的珍稀濒危动物,历史上曾分布于我国的内蒙、甘肃、宁夏和青海,现仅分布在青海湖周边地区,青海湖东地区是普氏原羚的主要栖息地。近年来,由于全球变暖等自然因素以及人类放牧活动的干扰、家畜和天敌对普氏原羚食物资源的竞争、非法狩猎严重,使得普氏原羚生境不断恶化,种群数量不断减少。而青海湖东地区是普氏原羚的最大栖息地,本文从微量元素营养的角度,对湖东地区普氏原羚及生境地进行研究,通过微波消解,用ICP—AES法和原子荧光光谱法(对Se的测定)对冬季普氏原羚毛、血及生境地夏(六月中旬)、秋(九月中旬)、冬(十二月中旬)三季中水、土壤、牧草的中铜、锰、铁、锌、钼和硒6种微量元素进行了分析,并用费歇尔法对不同草地类型进行判别,来了解、评介湖东地区普氏原羚微量元素的盈亏,对开展湿地生态环境建设和普氏原羚种群保护提供科学依据。试验主要结果如下:
1.普氏原羚生境地水中六种微量元素Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mo、Se存在明显的季节差异,其变化趋势有所不同,其中Fe含量最高,夏季为0.039±0.007 mg/L,秋季最高达0.08mg/L,冬季仍为0.054±0.009 mg/L,总体上看,水中6种微量元素含量很低。
2.普氏原羚生境地土壤处于低Cu、低Mo、低Se的状态。三季节中Cu含量夏季最高,冬季最低,在8.86～17.24mg/kg之间变动;Mo含量在0.054～0.181mg/kg之间变化,其中0～10cm、20～30cm土层中沉积Mo较10～20cm中多,三季土壤中的Mo含量均低于我国土壤Mo的平均水平1.7mg/kg;Se的含量在0.02～0.178mg/kg,夏季严重缺乏,冬季属于Se临界缺乏,秋季土壤Se含量正常。
3.普氏原羚活动地混合牧草夏季地下部分各微量元素含量均高于地上部分,混合牧草各个季节Cu、Mo、Se缺乏,Fe、Mn、Zn含量正常。不同季节,混合牧草地上部分微量元素季节变化不一致,除了Mo随着季节变化含量变化不大外,Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn夏季高于秋季,秋季高于冬季,而Se随着季节变化含量逐渐增加。
4.普氏原羚选择丰富度高、隐蔽条件好和人类干扰少的芨芨草草原作为采食生境地,芨芨草草地混合牧草Cu、Se严重缺乏,Mo临界缺乏,Zn冬季缺乏,Fe、Mn三季含量正常,Zn夏秋季含量正常。
5.普氏原羚采食的主要牧草属于低Cu、低Mo、低Se的状态,喜食牧草青海黄芪属于高Se植物。
6.从血样和毛样分析推测,冬季部分普氏原羚可能因Cu缺乏产生贫血,部分普氏原羚可能因Cu、Zn缺乏导致繁殖性能下降,普氏原羚处于低Se的状态。但临床症状有待进一步研究。
7.通过费歇尔法对不同季节不同草地类型的判别,了解到Mo是决定草地类型的主要因素,为进一步研究湖东地区不同草地类型微量元素提供科学依据。
在退化草地补播芨芨草以达到增加普氏原羚基本食物和隐蔽场所,在植物群落中增加青海黄芪的比例以增加普氏原羚喜食牧草及牧草中Se的含量。夏季牧草生长季节施钼肥,在对土壤施Mo的时候注意Cu、Mo之间的比例保持在6～10:1。
As a rare, endangered and endemic species in China, Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii)once distributed in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai. The gazelles are now only living around the Qinghai Lake. Qinhai Hudong is the main habitat of the Przewalski's gazelle. In recent year, due to the various natural factors such as globle climate warming and human sufferings such as unreasonably grazing, setting fence and illegally hunting and competition from sheep and yaks and infringement natural enemies, Przewalski's gazelle's habitat is continuously worsening, Przewalski's gazelle population is continuously reduced. In fact, Qinghai Hudong is the most area for Przewalski's gazelle. This paper studied the trace elements of Przewalski's gazelle and the habitat in Qinhai Hudong in different seasons. After microwave digesting, all samples including Przewalski's gazelle's blood and hair (mid-December) and water, soil and forage from summer(mid-June), autumn(mid-September)and winter (mid-December) were determined and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, ICP-AES and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(used to determined Se) to obtain copper, manganese, iron, zinc, molybdenum and selenium. Different pasture types were analyzed by Fisher discriminant function. All these methods were measured in order to investigate and evaluate Przewalski's gazelle's microelement nutrition. This paper provided feasible scientific measures for wetland eco-environmental construction and Przewalski's gazelle populations' protection. The results are as follows.
1. There was an obvious seasonal difference between the six trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo of water in the habitat of the Przewalski's gazelle, and the change trends was different, including the highest Fe content in summer 0.039±0.007 mg / L, the highest content in autumn was 0.08mg / L, and it was still 0.054±0.009 mg / L in winter, generally, the content of six kinds of trace elements in water was very low.
2. The soil of the habitat of the Przewalski's gazelle was at a low Cu, low-Mo, low-Se state. The Cu content was in the highest in summer and lowest in winter,which changed between 8.86～17.24mg/kg; Mo content varied between 0.054～0.181mg/kg, of which 0～10cm, 20～30cm soil layer in the deposition of Mo was higher than in 10～20cm,and the Mo content of the soil in three seasons are lower than the China's average level of Mo in soil 1.7mg/kg; Se content was 0.02～0.178mg/kg, a serious shortage in summer, winter is the critical lack of Se, and Se content of the soil was in normal in autumn.
3. The mixed forage trace elements content in underground sections was higher than it in the ground part in summer in Przewalski 's gazelle habitat. The trace elements Cu, Mo, Se was lacking in each season, and Fe, Mn, Zn content was normal. In different seasons, the seasonal variation of trace elements which in the ground parts of mixed forage was in different, Mo content had little change in different seasons, the content of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn was higer in summer than it in autumn and was lowest in winter, while the Se content increased with the season gradually.
4. Przewalski's gazelle choosed the Achnatherum splendens grassland as its foraging habitat which had a high abundant degree, good concealment condition and little diturbing from mankind.
5. The main forge of Przewalski's gazelle was low Cu, low Mo, and low Se, and its favorite forage Astragalus membranaceus was high Se plant.
6. According to the blood and hair sample, some of Przewaiski's gazelles may be affected by an ailment characterized anemia for Cu deficiency or may be caused low reproductive rate for Cu and Zn deficiency. Przewalski's gazelle was low Se nutrition.
7. The Fisher linear discriminant model of different seasons and different grassland types had high accuracy and credibility, which established the science basic to study the trace element changemet of different grassland types in Hudong area.
For increasing Przewaiski's gazelle's habitant and more food, Achnatherum splendens should be reseeded in degradation grassland and Astragalus membranaceus should be increased to achieve proper Se nutrition. In summer molybdenum fertilizer should be added in soil to make sure Cu:Mo equal 6～10:1.
1.普氏原羚生境地水中六种微量元素Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mo、Se存在明显的季节差异,其变化趋势有所不同,其中Fe含量最高,夏季为0.039±0.007 mg/L,秋季最高达0.08mg/L,冬季仍为0.054±0.009 mg/L,总体上看,水中6种微量元素含量很低。
2.普氏原羚生境地土壤处于低Cu、低Mo、低Se的状态。三季节中Cu含量夏季最高,冬季最低,在8.86～17.24mg/kg之间变动;Mo含量在0.054～0.181mg/kg之间变化,其中0～10cm、20～30cm土层中沉积Mo较10～20cm中多,三季土壤中的Mo含量均低于我国土壤Mo的平均水平1.7mg/kg;Se的含量在0.02～0.178mg/kg,夏季严重缺乏,冬季属于Se临界缺乏,秋季土壤Se含量正常。
3.普氏原羚活动地混合牧草夏季地下部分各微量元素含量均高于地上部分,混合牧草各个季节Cu、Mo、Se缺乏,Fe、Mn、Zn含量正常。不同季节,混合牧草地上部分微量元素季节变化不一致,除了Mo随着季节变化含量变化不大外,Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn夏季高于秋季,秋季高于冬季,而Se随着季节变化含量逐渐增加。
4.普氏原羚选择丰富度高、隐蔽条件好和人类干扰少的芨芨草草原作为采食生境地,芨芨草草地混合牧草Cu、Se严重缺乏,Mo临界缺乏,Zn冬季缺乏,Fe、Mn三季含量正常,Zn夏秋季含量正常。
5.普氏原羚采食的主要牧草属于低Cu、低Mo、低Se的状态,喜食牧草青海黄芪属于高Se植物。
6.从血样和毛样分析推测,冬季部分普氏原羚可能因Cu缺乏产生贫血,部分普氏原羚可能因Cu、Zn缺乏导致繁殖性能下降,普氏原羚处于低Se的状态。但临床症状有待进一步研究。
7.通过费歇尔法对不同季节不同草地类型的判别,了解到Mo是决定草地类型的主要因素,为进一步研究湖东地区不同草地类型微量元素提供科学依据。
在退化草地补播芨芨草以达到增加普氏原羚基本食物和隐蔽场所,在植物群落中增加青海黄芪的比例以增加普氏原羚喜食牧草及牧草中Se的含量。夏季牧草生长季节施钼肥,在对土壤施Mo的时候注意Cu、Mo之间的比例保持在6～10:1。
As a rare, endangered and endemic species in China, Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii)once distributed in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai. The gazelles are now only living around the Qinghai Lake. Qinhai Hudong is the main habitat of the Przewalski's gazelle. In recent year, due to the various natural factors such as globle climate warming and human sufferings such as unreasonably grazing, setting fence and illegally hunting and competition from sheep and yaks and infringement natural enemies, Przewalski's gazelle's habitat is continuously worsening, Przewalski's gazelle population is continuously reduced. In fact, Qinghai Hudong is the most area for Przewalski's gazelle. This paper studied the trace elements of Przewalski's gazelle and the habitat in Qinhai Hudong in different seasons. After microwave digesting, all samples including Przewalski's gazelle's blood and hair (mid-December) and water, soil and forage from summer(mid-June), autumn(mid-September)and winter (mid-December) were determined and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, ICP-AES and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(used to determined Se) to obtain copper, manganese, iron, zinc, molybdenum and selenium. Different pasture types were analyzed by Fisher discriminant function. All these methods were measured in order to investigate and evaluate Przewalski's gazelle's microelement nutrition. This paper provided feasible scientific measures for wetland eco-environmental construction and Przewalski's gazelle populations' protection. The results are as follows.
1. There was an obvious seasonal difference between the six trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo of water in the habitat of the Przewalski's gazelle, and the change trends was different, including the highest Fe content in summer 0.039±0.007 mg / L, the highest content in autumn was 0.08mg / L, and it was still 0.054±0.009 mg / L in winter, generally, the content of six kinds of trace elements in water was very low.
2. The soil of the habitat of the Przewalski's gazelle was at a low Cu, low-Mo, low-Se state. The Cu content was in the highest in summer and lowest in winter,which changed between 8.86～17.24mg/kg; Mo content varied between 0.054～0.181mg/kg, of which 0～10cm, 20～30cm soil layer in the deposition of Mo was higher than in 10～20cm,and the Mo content of the soil in three seasons are lower than the China's average level of Mo in soil 1.7mg/kg; Se content was 0.02～0.178mg/kg, a serious shortage in summer, winter is the critical lack of Se, and Se content of the soil was in normal in autumn.
3. The mixed forage trace elements content in underground sections was higher than it in the ground part in summer in Przewalski 's gazelle habitat. The trace elements Cu, Mo, Se was lacking in each season, and Fe, Mn, Zn content was normal. In different seasons, the seasonal variation of trace elements which in the ground parts of mixed forage was in different, Mo content had little change in different seasons, the content of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn was higer in summer than it in autumn and was lowest in winter, while the Se content increased with the season gradually.
4. Przewalski's gazelle choosed the Achnatherum splendens grassland as its foraging habitat which had a high abundant degree, good concealment condition and little diturbing from mankind.
5. The main forge of Przewalski's gazelle was low Cu, low Mo, and low Se, and its favorite forage Astragalus membranaceus was high Se plant.
6. According to the blood and hair sample, some of Przewaiski's gazelles may be affected by an ailment characterized anemia for Cu deficiency or may be caused low reproductive rate for Cu and Zn deficiency. Przewalski's gazelle was low Se nutrition.
7. The Fisher linear discriminant model of different seasons and different grassland types had high accuracy and credibility, which established the science basic to study the trace element changemet of different grassland types in Hudong area.
For increasing Przewaiski's gazelle's habitant and more food, Achnatherum splendens should be reseeded in degradation grassland and Astragalus membranaceus should be increased to achieve proper Se nutrition. In summer molybdenum fertilizer should be added in soil to make sure Cu:Mo equal 6～10:1.
引文
[1]王明远,章中.生物地球化学区和地方病的探讨[J].中国科学(B辑),1985,(10):931-936.
[2]沈照理.水文地球化学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.
[3]Phillippo,M.(1983).The role of dose-response trials in predicting trace element disorder.In:Suttle,N.F.et al(eds).Trace Elements in Animal production.British Society of Animal Production Special Publication,51-56.
[4]Haynes,R.J.1999.Micronutrient status of a group of soils in Canterbury,New Zealand,as measured by extraction with EDTA,DTPA and HCI,and its relationship with plant response to applied Cu and Zn.Journal of Agricultural Science,1007,129:35-333.
[5]Herbert,E.,Small,J.M.W.,Jones,D.G.,Suttle,N.F.1991.Evaluation of superoxide dismutase assays for the routine diagnostic assessment of copper status in blood samples In:Momcilovic,B(ed)Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals,Dubrovnik.Zagreb,5-16.
[6]刘武定.微量元素营养与微肥施用[M].北京.中国农业出版社,1999.
[7]Nolan,M.R.,kennedy,S.B.,Lanchflower,W.J.,kennedy,D.G.(1995).Lipid peroxidation prostcylin and thromboxane in pigs depleted of vitamin E and selenium and supplemented with linseed oil.British Journal of Nutrition,74:369-380
[8]Plant,T.A.,Stevenson,A.G.(1985).Regional geochemistry and its role in epilemiological studies.In:Mills,C.F.(eds) proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals.Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau.Farnham Royal.UK,900-906.
[9]Shen xiao yun,Du Guo zhen,Li Hong.2006.Studies of a naturally occurring molybdenum-induced copper deficiency in the yak.The Veterinary Journal,171(2):352-357.
[10]王建元译文.(Van Vleet J.F.)畜禽疾病[M].1981,3:11-13.
[11]龙瑞军,董世魁,胡自治.西部草地退化的原因分析与生态恢复措施探讨[J].草业学报,2005,6:3-7.
[12]李文盛.畜禽硒—维生素E缺乏病[J].畜牧兽医简讯,1980,1,2:42-53,47-58.
[13]郝正里,项光华,魏时来,等.甘肃8个地区牛羊被毛的主要矿物质元素含量[J].草业学报,1998,7(3):42-49.
[14]沈禹颖,马玉寿,李青云,等.青藏高原草地退化与治理--以达日县为例(英文)21世纪草业科学展望--国际草业(草地)学术大会论文集[C].2001.
[15]任继周,陈全功.青藏高原“黑土滩”的成因及综合防治[A].2005青藏高原环境与变化研讨会论文 摘要汇编[C],2005.
[16]肖青宁.青海湖环湖地区生态问题及建议[J].青海草业,2002,(4):20-23.
[17]汪立今,刘智艳.环境地球化学与人体健康关系的探讨[J].地质地球化学,2000,28(3):93.
[18]两院院士“会诊”青海湖[J].生态经济,2004(9):21-21.
[19]俞文正.青海湖地区土地资源可持续利用研究[C].西北农林科技大学博士论文,2005,24-26.
[20]郑杰.普氏原羚种群现状与保护[J].青海环境,2004,15(2):53-56.
[21]赵晓玲.青海湖生态现状及影响[J].青海农林科技,2005(3):46-47.
[22]许嘉琳,杨居荣.陆地生态系统中的重金属[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995,238-245.
[23]陈桂琛,彭敏.青海湖地区植被及其分布规律[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1993,17(1):71-81.
[24]叶润蓉,蔡平,彭敏等。普氏原羚的分布和种群数量调查[J].兽类学报,2006,26(4):373-379.
[25]Jiang Z.,Li D.,Wang Z.(2000).Population declines of Przewalski's gazelle around Qinghai Lake,China.Oryx.34:129-135.
[26]Jiang Z.,Wang S.(2001).IUCN Antelope Survey and Action Plan Part4:North America,the Middle East and Asia,Chapter 33 China.In:Mallon D P,Kingswood S C,eds.Global Survey and Regional Action Plans on Antelope.Gland and Cambridge:IUCN.168-177.
[27]Wilcox,D.S.,Mclellan,C.H.,Dobson A.P.(2005) Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone.International Environmental Agreements.5:23-34.
[28]王秀磊.普氏原羚生境的景观动态与适宜性评价研究[D].中国林科院硕士论文,2004(7):24-29.
[29]张才骏,尚海忠,郑喜帮,等.青海省环湖地区牧草和土壤微量元素含量测定[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1997,27(3):1-3.
[30]焦婷.青海环湖地区土-草-畜体系中微量元素季节变化及盈缺分析[D].甘肃农业大学硕士论文.2003.
[31]Ellerman J R,Morrison-Scott T.(1951).Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals.London.
[32]汪松.中国濒危动物红皮书(兽类).第一版[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[33]蒋志刚,王祖望,冯柞建,等.普氏原羚的历史分布与现状[J].兽类学报,1995,15(4):241-245.
[34]Jiang Z G Feng Z J,Wang Z W,(1996).Przewalski's gazelle in China.Conservation Biology,13:324-325.
[35]蒋志刚,雷润华,刘丙万,等.普氏原羚研究概述[J].动物学杂志,2003,38(6):129-131.
[36]蔡桂全,刘永生,冯祚建,等.青海省有关地区哺乳类考察报告[C].高原生物学集刊,1992,11:63-90.
[37]Jiang Z.,Li D.(1998).Antelopes in China.Bulletin of Russian Academy of Sciences,4:458-461.
[38]蒋志刚,李迪强.普氏原羚的生境与种群生存力分析.见:中国科学院生物多样性委员会主编.97成 都国际大熊猫保护学术研讨会论文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1998.339.
[39]李迪强,蒋志刚,王祖望.人类活动对普氏原羚分布的影响[J].生态学报,1999,19(6):890-896.
[40]刘丙万,蒋志刚.普氏原羚生境选择的数量化分析[J].兽类学报,2002,22(1):15-21.
[41]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1994,18-23,204-253.
[42]Paul B,Mccullough D.(1990).Factors influencing white-tailed deer activity patterns and habitat use.Wildlife Monographs,109:5-51.
[43]刘丙万,蒋志刚.普氏原羚的采食对策[J].动物学报,2002,48(3):309-316.
[44]李迪强,蒋志刚,王祖望.普氏原羚的食性分析[J].动物学研究,1999,20(1):74-77.
[45]易湘蓉,王秀磊,周慧.普氏原羚的食性研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,2005,31(3):289-292.
[46]李忠秋,蒋志刚.青海天峻地区藏原羚的食性[J].兽类学报,2007,27(1):64-67
[47]Li Z.and Jiang Z.(2008).Dietary overlap of Prewalski's gazelle,Tibet gazelle,and Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.The Journal of Wildlife Management,72(4):944-948.
[48]王秀磊,李迪强,吴波,等.青海湖东-克图地区普氏原羚生境适宜性评价[J].生物多样性,2005,13(3):213-220.
[49]李剑鸣.微量元素及其功能[J].乐山师范学院学报,2002,7(4):100-102.
[50]Underwood,E.J.(1966) Mineral Nutrition of livestock.FAO Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaus,London,England.
[51]McCollum,E.V.(1956) A History of Nutrition.Houghton Mifflin,Boston,MA.
[52]Allman,R.T.,Hamilton,T.S.(1949) Nutritional Deficiencies in Livestock.FAO Agricultural Studies No.5,Washington D.C.
[53]Scott,M.L.,Nesheim,M.C.and Young,R.J.(1982)."Nutrition of the Chicken." M.L.Scott and Associates,Ithaca,New York.
[54]Lee Russell McDowell.Minerals in animal and human nutrition.Second Edition.2003
[55]秦俊法,李增禧.中国微量元素研究二十年[J].广东微量元素科学,2004,11(12):1-20.
[56]蓝翁驰.微量元素与生态环境的相关性[J].中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2004,13(2):163.
[57]谭见安.环境生命元素与克山病-生态化学地理研究[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1996.
[58]谭见安.地球环境与健康[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[59]冯子道.生命元素[M].成都:四川教育出版社,1989.
[60]曾昭华,曾雪萍.化学元素与癌症的相关性及其分类的探讨[J].贵州环保科技,2002,8(3):5-9.
[61]余飞苑,刘浩宇,刘锡仪.微量元素与血管代谢及心血管疾病的关系[J].微量元素与健康研究,2005,22(5):10-12.
[62]Anke,M.,Glei,M.Arnold,W.and Drobner,C.et al.,(1997).In"Handbook of Nutritionally Essential Mineral Elements,"(B.L.O' Dell and R.A.Sunde,eds.),Dekker,New York.
[63]杨志强.微量元素与动物疾病[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.1998.
[64]李光辉.动物微量元素性疾病研究的回顾与展望[J].世界元素医学,2004,11(2):3-8.
[65]黄素珍,孟雪燕,古少鹏,等.硒、维生素E对鸡体脂质过氧化的影响[J].中国兽医学报,1998,18(02):191-192.
[66]赵剑.氨基酸螯合微量元素对南江黄羊生产性能,胴体性状和肉品品质影响的研究[D].四川农业大学,2003.
[67]赵志伟,张山林,赵志勇,等.高铜对鸡饲料养分利用率的影响[J].中国饲料,1998,(02):31-32.
[68]俞海峰.饲料营养元素与动物免疫研究进展[J].饲料广角,2003,12:34-36.
[69]徐迪雄,吴嘉惠,魏文.锌对大鼠免疫器官细胞周期的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,1995,17(4):131-133.
[70]冯志华,赵国先.微量元素硒对动物免疫功能的影响[J].畜禽业,2002,146(6):16-17.
[71]孙德文,詹勇,许梓荣.饲料营养素对动物免疫机能的影响[J].辽宁畜牧兽医,2002,1:24-26.
[72]王子旭,佘锐萍,袁莉.锌和硒对动物免疫功能的影响[J].动物医学进展,2003,24(4):33-35.
[73]孙先忠,杨本善.低硒日粮对雏鸡细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医科技,1991,21(2):28-29.
[74]吴建设,呙于明.微量元素铜的营养与免疫研究进展[J].国外畜牧科技,1999,26:(1)5-9.
[75]NRC.(1980).Mineral Tolerance of Domestic Animals.National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council,Washing D.C.
[76]McDowell,L.R.(1985).Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates.Academic Press,New York.
[77]NRC.(1985).Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals,Nutrient Requirements of Sheep.5~(th) Ed.National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council,Washing D.C.
[78]NRC.(1996).Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals,Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle.6~(th)Ed.National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council,Washing D.C.
[79]NRC.(2001).Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals,Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle.7~(th)Ed.National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council,Washing D.C.
[80]陈君石,高俊全.1990年中国总膳食研究1-化学污染物[J].卫生研究,1993,22(增刊):1-12.
[81]诸洪达,王继先,陈如松,等.中国人食品中元素浓度和膳食摄入量研究[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2000,20(6):378-384.
[82]何燕,周国华,王学求.从微量元素与人体健康关系得到的启示[J].物探和化探.2008.32(1):17-47.
[83]Clifford,L.,Heffron,and J.Thomas Reid.,et al.(1980).Cadmium and zinc in growing sheep fed silage corn grown on municipal sludge-amended soil.28(1):58-61.
[84]杨文正,章世元,林在光,等.动物矿物质营养[M].中国农业出版社,1996.
[85]张泽浦,王学军.土壤微量元素含量空间分布的条件模拟[J].土壤学报,1998,35(3):423-429.
[86]H·奥贝尔,M·潘塔著,刘铮等译.土壤中的微量元素[M].科学出版社,1982.
[87]邓卫东,毛华明.反刍家畜必需微量元素营养研究概况评价[J].贵州畜牧兽医,1999,23(3):16-19.
[88]Anderson,O.E.and R.M.Harrison(1970).Micronutrient variation within cotton leaf tissue as related to variety and soil location.Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal.1,163-172.
[89]Pierson,E.E.(1984).Plant genotype differences to ferrous and total iron emerging leaves.||.Dry beans and soybeans,J.Plant Nutrition.7(1-5),355-369.
[90]Hill,R.and H.Lehmann(1941).Studies on iron in plants with special observation on the chlorophyll:iron ratio.Biochem.J.35,1190-1199.
[91]Jumba,I.O.,Suttle,N.F.and Hunter,E.A.,et al.(1995).Effect of soil origin and herbage species on mineral composition of forage in the Mount Elgon region of kenga.Tropical Grasslands.29:47-52.
[92]Underwood,E.J.(1981).The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock.Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau London,England.
[93]Minson,D.J.(1990).Forage in Ruminant Nutrition.Academic Press,New York.
[94]Cromwell,G.L.,Monegue,H.J.,and Stahly,T.S.(1993).Long-term effects of feeding a high copper diet to sows during gestation and lactation,dournal of AnimalScience.71:2996-3002.
[95]Liu zong ping,Ma zhuo,and Zhang youjia.(1994).Studies on the relationship between sway disease of bactrian camels and copper status in Gansu Province.VeterinaryResearch communications.18:251-260.
[96]李万立,罗海吉.微量元素铜与人类疾病关系的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2008,25(1):62-64.
[97]Thomas,J.P.(1994).Involvement of preexisting lipid hydroperoxides in Cu(2+)- stimulated oxidation of low - density lipoprotein[J].Arch Biochem Biophys,315(2):244-254.
[98]Hawk,S.N.,Lanoue,L.,Keen C.L.,et al.(2003).Copper deficient rat embryos are characterized by low superoxide dismutase activity and elevated superoxide anions.Biology of reproduction,68(3):896-903.
[99]郭廷东.铜缺乏对小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞的影响[J].西南军医,2006,8(6):49-50.
[100]刘立新,李静媛,王晖.微量元素铁铜锌与胃癌关系的研究[J].临床消化病杂志,2006,18(6):360-363.
[101]Lin Y.,Kikuch I.S.,Obata Y.,et al.(2002).Serum copper/zinc superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn SOD)and gastric cancer risk:a case control study[J]Japan J Cancer Res.93(10):1071.
[102]Underwood,E.J.,and Suttle,N.F.(1999).In "The Mineral Nutrition of livestock"(3~(rd) Ed.),Midlothian, UK.
[103]Troost,F.J.,Saris,W.H.M.and Brummer,R.J.M.(2002).J.Nutr.132,24.
[104]Hannon,J.(1971).Vet.Rec.88,181.
[105]Conrad,H.R.,Zimmerman,D.R.and Combs,G.F.et al.,(1980).NFIA,Literature Review on Iron in Animal and Poultry Nutrition.National Feed Ingredients Association,West Des Moines,IA.
[106]Leach,R.M.Jr.(1978).In "Handbook Series in Nutrition and Food,Section E:Nutrition Disorders"Vol.1(M.Recheigl,Jr.,ed.),305.CRC Press,West Palm Beach,FL.
[107]Anke,M.,Groppel,B.and Reissig,W.,et al.,(1973).Arch Tierernnehr.23,197.
[108]Groppel,G.and Anke,M.(1971).Arch.Veterinaermed.25,779.
[109]李光辉,贺普霄.畜禽微量元素性疾病[M].合肥:安徽科技出版社,1990,161-168.
[110]Leeson,S.and Summers,J.D.(2001).In " Nutrition of the chick" 4~(th) Ed.University Books,Guelph,Canada.
[111]周少波,王桂杰.微量元素锌营养研究进展[J].佳木斯医学院学报,1991,14(1):71-73.
[112]钟永安,白玉白.我国北部绵羊脱毛症与锌营养状况关系的探讨[J].中国农业科学,1990,23(1):9-13.
[113]葛卉芳,钟永安.肉用雏鸡缺锌模型的探讨[C].涕三届全国微量元素与健康学术讨论会论文,1986.
[114]Bettger,W.J.et al.,(1980).J.Nutri:110
[115]Miller,W.J.et al.,(1965).Proc.soc.Exp.Biol.Med.118.
[116]Mili,C.E and Bremner,I.(1980).In "Nutritional Aspects of Molybdenum in Animals"(M.P.Coughlan,ed.),Pregamon Press,Oxford.
[117]吕爱军,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.不同铜钼水平对小尾寒羊血清铜蓝蛋白和血浆过氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2005,17(1):61-64.
[118]Arthur,J.R.(1997).Selenium biochemistry and function In "Fischer,P.W.Cockell,K.A.and Gibson,R.S.(eds.),Proceeding of Ninth International symposium on Trace elements in Man and Animals"NRC Research Press.Ottawa,Canada.
[119]Hidiroglou,M.,Proulx,J.and Jolette,J.(1985).Intraruminal selenium for control of nutritional muscular dystrophy in the dairy cow.Journal of Dairy Science,68:57-66.
[120]屈健.动物营养中重要的微量元素-硒[J].饲料工业,1997,18(2):13-16.
[121]Whelan,B.R.,Barrow,N.J.and Peter,D.W.(1994).Selenium fertilizers for pastures grazed by sheep.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,45:863-875.
[112]Arthur,J.R.(1998).Effects of selenium and Vitamin E status on plasma creatine kinase activity in calves.Journal of Nutrition,118:747-755
[123]McDonald,J.W.(1975).Selenium-responsive unthrift ness of young merino sheep in central Victoria.Australian Veterinary Journal,51:433-435.
[124]Wolliams,C.Suttle,N.F.and Wolliams,J.A.,et al.(1986).Studies on lambs from lines genetically selected for low or high plasma copper status.Animal Production.43:293-301.
[125]Smith,B.,and Moon,G.H.(1976).N.Z.Vet.J.24,132.
[126]Huber,J.T.,Price,N.D.and Engle,R.W.(1971).J.Anim.Sci.32,364.
[127]Suttle,N.F.and Peter,W.(1984).Trace Elem.Metab.Proc.5~(th) Int.Symp.68(Abstr.).
[128]Suttle,N.F.and Angus,K.W.(1976).J.Comp.Pathol.86,595.
[129]杨红建.肉牛微量元素铜的营养[J].饲料研究,1999,(8):1-3.
[130]Judson,G.J.(2002) Comparison of copper hepatic with copper oxide wire particles as copper supplements for sheep on pasture of high molybdenum content.Australian Veterinary Journal.80(10):630-635.
[131]McDowell,L.R.,Froseth,J.A.and Piper,R.C.(1978).Nutr.Rep.Int.17,19.
[132]Whanger,P.D.(1981).In "Selenium in Biology and Medicion"(J.E.Spallholz,J.L.Martin,and H.E.Ganther,eds.),230,AVI Publishing Co.,Westport,CT.
[133]Halverson,A.W.,Monty,K.J.(1960).An effect of dietary sulfate on selenium poisoning in the rat.Journal of Nutrition,70:100-102.
[134]Walravens,P.A.,(1979).West J.Med,130.
[135]申小云.高寒草地施肥对牦牛抗氧化系统功能的影响[C].兰州大学博士论文,2006.
[136]康承伦,孙维宏 宋英,等.青海省河卡种羊场绵羊体内的矿物元素检测[J].中国兽医科技1997,27(8)1:13-14.
[137]康承伦,孙维宏,戴凤菊,等.青海省三角城种羊场绵羊提内的矿物元素检测[J].中国兽医科技,1997,22(12):13-14.
[138]康承伦,张才骏,马清德,等.青海湖地区绵羊Na、se缺乏的研究分析[J].草与畜杂志,1998,11-21.
[139]张才骏,郑喜帮,王 勇,等.青海省环湖地区绵羊组织微量元素含量分析[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1997,27(3):4-6.
[140]杨黎彬,索有瑞.青海三角城牧场牧草微量元素含量研究[J].广东微量元素科学,2004,11(6):35-37.
[141]金建华,吴启勋.青海湖区牦牛体内微量元素的因子分析[J].西南民族大学学报.自然科学版,2008,34(1):112-114.
[142]Iyengar,V.and Woittiez,J.Clin.Chem.34(3),474.
[143]程义勇,蒋与刚.生物医学微量元素数据手册[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1994.
[144]刘彦明.原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2000,20(3):373.
[145]孙汉文.原子光谱分析[M].高等教育出版社,2002.
[146]周永义,谷学新,范国强,等.微波消解技术及其在分析化学中的应用[J].冶金分析,2004,24(2):30.
[147]郑永军,孔波,赵斌.微波消解/等离子发射光谱法测定宁夏枸杞中的多元素[J].广东微量元素科学,2005,12(2):42-44.
[148]袁志发,周静芋.多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:216-230.
[149]葛和平.Fisher判别在上市公司财务困境中的应用[J].市场周刊,2003,7:27-28.
[150]吴启勋,龙启萍,赵旭升,等.青海世居土族藏族和回族人发中微量元素的判别分析研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2008,25(4):6-9.
[151]马威,管竞环.植物类中药辛甘苦味的定量判别研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2004,21(1):22-24.
[152]刘敬斌,冷丹静,龚建新.149名机车乘务员头发微量元素判别分析疾病控制杂志,2005,9(5):512-513.
[153]金日光.饮用水安全与民族生存健康[R].全国政协人口资源环境委员会,2000.
[154]NRC.(1974).Nutrients and Toxic Substances in Water for Livestock and Poultry.National Academy of Science,Washington,DC.(SF95.N285)
[155]陈立伟,冯祚建,蔡平,等.普氏原羚昼间行为时间分配的研究[J].兽类学报1997,17(3):172-183.
[156]Aubert,H.and Pinta,M.(1977).Trace elements in soils.Amsterdam Oxford New York:Elsevier scientific publishing company.
[157]翘复胜,眸静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991,12(4):12-19.
[158]Mitchell,R.L.(1972).Trace elements in soils and factors that their availability.Bulletin Geol.Soc.Amer.85,1069.
[159]李光辉,王钰.微量元素在土壤、饲料与畜体中的含量[J].饲料研究,1995,(1):13-14.
[160]Misra,S.G.and M.D.Sharma(1961).Studied on release of absorbed copper by soils and compost.Soil Plant Food,6,103.
[161]刘铮等.微量元素的农业化学[M].农业出版社,1991.
[162]Lisk D.J.(1972).Trace metals in soil.Plants and animals.
[163]袁可能.植物营养元素的土壤化学[M].北京:科学出版社.1983.463-498.
[164]Swaine,D.J.(1955).The trace element content of soils.Comm.Bur.Soil Sci.Tech.Commun.48.
[165]李前勇,张乃生,王哲.土壤-牧草-家畜六种元素含量的分析[J].四川畜牧兽医,2001,10(28):21-22.
[166]刘铮.中国土壤微量元素[M].江苏:科学技术出版社.1996.
[167]刘铮.我国农业中施用微量元素的前景与分区[J].土壤,1983,15(5):161-170.
[168]Kabata-Pendias,A.(1985).Trace elements in soils and plants.CRC Press,Inc.,N.W.Boca Raton,Florida
[169]刘铮,唐丽华,朱其清等.我国土壤中微量元素的含量分布初步总结[J].土壤学报,1979,15,138.
[170]Suttle,N.F.(1999).The mineral nutrition of livestock.New York.CABI publishing.
[171]熊云龙,王哲.运行营养代谢病[M].长春:吉林科学拄术出版社,1995.
[172]姜秋凤.土壤中缺硒对我省畜牧业生产的影响及防治措施[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2000,30(2):41-42.
[173]Graham,R.D.and E.K.Sadanadan Nambiar(1982).Advances in research on copper deficiency in cereals.Aust.J.Agr.Res.32,109.
[174]Johnston,W.R.and Proctor,J.(1977).Metal concentrations in plants and soils from two British serpentine sites.Plant Soil.46,275.
[175]Beeson,K.C.(1947).The absorption of mineral elements in forage plants.J.Am.Soc.Agron.39,356.
[176]Katyal,J.C.and N.S.Randhawa(1983).Micronutrients.FAO Fertilizer and Plant Nutrition Bulletin.7.
[177]王宗元,曹光辛,胡在朝.动物矿物质营养代谢与疾病[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995.
[178]郝正里.河西半荒漠地区土草畜的微量元素营养特征[J].草业学报,1993,2(1):39-44.
[179]刘武定.微量元素营养与微肥施用[M].北京.中国农业出版社,1999.
[180]科技参考资料-硒专辑[M].东北农学院,1980,1,40-57.
[181]朱莲珍.人和动物的微量元素营养[M].青岛:青岛出版社,1994.
[182]Mason,J.(1986) Toxicology.42,99.
[183]刘彩琴.高寒草甸土-草-绵羊生态系统中常量矿物质元素的季节变化.[D].甘肃农业大学硕士论文.2003.
[184]McDowell,L.R.(1985).Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates.Academic Press,New York.
[185]Kamprath,E.J.and Jones,U.So(1986).In " Sulfur in Agriculture,"(M.A.Tabatabai,ed.).American Society of Agronomy.Madison,WI.
[186]Rosenfeld,I.et al.and Reath,O.A.(1964).Selenium.Geology,Biochemistry,Toxicity and Nutrition. Academic Press.New York.
[187]Andrews,E.D.,Hartley,W.J.,Grant,A.B.(1968).Selenium-responsive diseases of animal in New Zealand.New Zealand Veterinary Journal.16:3-17.
[188]McDonald,J.W.(1975).Selenium-responsive unthrift ness of young merino sheep in central Victoria.Australian Veterinary Journal 51:433-435
[189]Dhillon,K.S.(1991).Accumulation of selenium in sugarcane in seleniferous areas of Punjab,India.Environmental Geochemistry and Heath,13:165-170
[190]胡令浩等.青海主要饲料、牧草含硒量的研究.[C].见:青海省牧科院管理处编,畜牧科研资料汇编,1987:453-460.
[191]刘厚诚,邝广华.植物对营养胁迫的生理生化反应研究进展[J].华南农业大学学报,1998,19(4):118-122.
[192]Paynter,D.I.(1995).Diagnosis of mineral deficiencies.ACIAL workshop of mineral nutrition of grazing sheep in China.
[193]刘宗平,马卓,张尤嘉,等.健康羊全血和被毛微量元素研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1992,27(3):190-195.
[194]谢永乐等.福建省大洋人工草地水体、土壤、牧草、羊血液和被毛若干元素自然背景值的研究[A].全国家畜内科学术讨论会论文,北京.1991.
[195]游章强,蒋志刚.普氏原羚的求偶交配行为[J].动物学报,2005,51(2):187-194.
[196]Miller,W.J.(1979).Dairy cattle feeding and nutrition.Academic Press,New York.
[197]陆军.铁、铜、锌和活性氧与肾小球疾病[J].医学综述,1996,2(6):124.
[198]G·E·伯克利著.锌的作用[J].营养抗癌,1985,67-69.
[199]刘春龙,孙风俊.微量元素钼对反刍动物营养代谢的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2002,(10):53-54.
[200]何莹,李鹏.微量元素硒的研究进展及其对动物健康的影响[J].畜禽业,2006,(204):16-18.
[201]关肃林,高水平.维生素E对大鼠血脂、肝脂质过氧化的作用[J].营养学报,1989,11(6):126-133.
[202]Burdon.R.H.(1995).Superxoide and hydrogen peroxide in relation to mammalian cell proliferation.Free Radical Biology Medicine.18(4):775-794.
[203]卢福山,张才骏.高原型牦牛8项血液指标的测定[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2006,36(4):3-4.
[204]张才骏,王勇.青海本地山羊25项血液指标测定[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1999,29(3):8-11.
[205]徐惊涛,魏雅萍,韩吉庆.青海省高寒牧区公牦牛19项生理生化指标的研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,12008,38(4):8-11.
[206]Levander,O.A.(1986).In "Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition"(W.Mertz,ed.),209.Academic Press,New York.
[207]Schoener,T.W.(1974).Resource partitioning in ecological community.Science,185:27-39.
[208]Rotruck,J.T.,Pope,A.L.,and Ganther,H.E.,et al.(1973).Selenium:biochemical roles as a component of glutathione peroxidase.Seience.USA.179:588-590.
[209]Bryant,J.P.and Kuropat,P.J.(1980).Selection of winter forage by subarctic browsing vertebrates:Role of plant chemistry.Annals Reviews Ecology Systematic,11:261-285.
[210]Bazely,D.K.and Jeffries,R.C.(1986).Changes in composition and standing crops of salt marsh communities in response to removal of a grazer.Journal of Ecology,74:631-736.
[211]Grant,W.W.(1982).Structure and productivity of grassland small mammal communities related to grazing reduced change in vegetative cover.Journal of Mammalogy,63:248-260.
[212]Paul,B.and Mccullough,D.(1990).Factors influencing white-tailed deer activity patterns and habitat use.Wildlife Monographs,190:5-51.
[213]孙菁,彭敏,陈桂琛,等.人类活动对青海湖地区草原生物群落多样性的影响[J].生态与可持续发展,2005,39.
[214]刘进琪,王一博,程慧艳.青海湖区生态环境变化及其成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(1):32-37.
[215]周国英,陈桂琛,魏国良,等.青海湖地区芨芨草群落主要种群分布格局研究J].西北植物学报,2006,26(3):579-584.
[216]CHEN G CH(陈桂琛),PENG M(彭敏).Community characteristics and distribution laws of Achnatherum steppe in Qinghai province[J].Acta.Bot.Boreal-Occident.Sin.(西北植物学报),1993,13(2):154-162(in Chinese)
[217]姜云霞.微量元素铜的研究进展及其对动物健康的影响[J].微量元素与健康研究,2007,24(5):58-61.
[218]王建辉,康琳.猪饲料中高铜高锌的危害[J].饲料营养,2003,9:40-43.
[219]杜娟,高荣琨.高铜的生理功能及影响[J].饲料焦点,2004,42-45.
[220]Olsen,S.R.(1972).Among micronutrients in interactions.Micronutrients in agriculture(Eds.Mortvedt,J.J.,P.W.Giordano and W.L.Lindsay).S.S.S.A.194.
[221]胡健颖,冯泰.实用统计学[M].北京,北京大学出版社,1997.
[222]钟冲,郭强.费歇尔判别法及其应用[J].西南交通大学学报,2008,43(2):136-141.
[223]Harper,J.L.(1977).Population Biology of plants.London[M].Academic press.
[2]沈照理.水文地球化学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.
[3]Phillippo,M.(1983).The role of dose-response trials in predicting trace element disorder.In:Suttle,N.F.et al(eds).Trace Elements in Animal production.British Society of Animal Production Special Publication,51-56.
[4]Haynes,R.J.1999.Micronutrient status of a group of soils in Canterbury,New Zealand,as measured by extraction with EDTA,DTPA and HCI,and its relationship with plant response to applied Cu and Zn.Journal of Agricultural Science,1007,129:35-333.
[5]Herbert,E.,Small,J.M.W.,Jones,D.G.,Suttle,N.F.1991.Evaluation of superoxide dismutase assays for the routine diagnostic assessment of copper status in blood samples In:Momcilovic,B(ed)Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals,Dubrovnik.Zagreb,5-16.
[6]刘武定.微量元素营养与微肥施用[M].北京.中国农业出版社,1999.
[7]Nolan,M.R.,kennedy,S.B.,Lanchflower,W.J.,kennedy,D.G.(1995).Lipid peroxidation prostcylin and thromboxane in pigs depleted of vitamin E and selenium and supplemented with linseed oil.British Journal of Nutrition,74:369-380
[8]Plant,T.A.,Stevenson,A.G.(1985).Regional geochemistry and its role in epilemiological studies.In:Mills,C.F.(eds) proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals.Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau.Farnham Royal.UK,900-906.
[9]Shen xiao yun,Du Guo zhen,Li Hong.2006.Studies of a naturally occurring molybdenum-induced copper deficiency in the yak.The Veterinary Journal,171(2):352-357.
[10]王建元译文.(Van Vleet J.F.)畜禽疾病[M].1981,3:11-13.
[11]龙瑞军,董世魁,胡自治.西部草地退化的原因分析与生态恢复措施探讨[J].草业学报,2005,6:3-7.
[12]李文盛.畜禽硒—维生素E缺乏病[J].畜牧兽医简讯,1980,1,2:42-53,47-58.
[13]郝正里,项光华,魏时来,等.甘肃8个地区牛羊被毛的主要矿物质元素含量[J].草业学报,1998,7(3):42-49.
[14]沈禹颖,马玉寿,李青云,等.青藏高原草地退化与治理--以达日县为例(英文)21世纪草业科学展望--国际草业(草地)学术大会论文集[C].2001.
[15]任继周,陈全功.青藏高原“黑土滩”的成因及综合防治[A].2005青藏高原环境与变化研讨会论文 摘要汇编[C],2005.
[16]肖青宁.青海湖环湖地区生态问题及建议[J].青海草业,2002,(4):20-23.
[17]汪立今,刘智艳.环境地球化学与人体健康关系的探讨[J].地质地球化学,2000,28(3):93.
[18]两院院士“会诊”青海湖[J].生态经济,2004(9):21-21.
[19]俞文正.青海湖地区土地资源可持续利用研究[C].西北农林科技大学博士论文,2005,24-26.
[20]郑杰.普氏原羚种群现状与保护[J].青海环境,2004,15(2):53-56.
[21]赵晓玲.青海湖生态现状及影响[J].青海农林科技,2005(3):46-47.
[22]许嘉琳,杨居荣.陆地生态系统中的重金属[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995,238-245.
[23]陈桂琛,彭敏.青海湖地区植被及其分布规律[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1993,17(1):71-81.
[24]叶润蓉,蔡平,彭敏等。普氏原羚的分布和种群数量调查[J].兽类学报,2006,26(4):373-379.
[25]Jiang Z.,Li D.,Wang Z.(2000).Population declines of Przewalski's gazelle around Qinghai Lake,China.Oryx.34:129-135.
[26]Jiang Z.,Wang S.(2001).IUCN Antelope Survey and Action Plan Part4:North America,the Middle East and Asia,Chapter 33 China.In:Mallon D P,Kingswood S C,eds.Global Survey and Regional Action Plans on Antelope.Gland and Cambridge:IUCN.168-177.
[27]Wilcox,D.S.,Mclellan,C.H.,Dobson A.P.(2005) Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone.International Environmental Agreements.5:23-34.
[28]王秀磊.普氏原羚生境的景观动态与适宜性评价研究[D].中国林科院硕士论文,2004(7):24-29.
[29]张才骏,尚海忠,郑喜帮,等.青海省环湖地区牧草和土壤微量元素含量测定[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1997,27(3):1-3.
[30]焦婷.青海环湖地区土-草-畜体系中微量元素季节变化及盈缺分析[D].甘肃农业大学硕士论文.2003.
[31]Ellerman J R,Morrison-Scott T.(1951).Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals.London.
[32]汪松.中国濒危动物红皮书(兽类).第一版[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[33]蒋志刚,王祖望,冯柞建,等.普氏原羚的历史分布与现状[J].兽类学报,1995,15(4):241-245.
[34]Jiang Z G Feng Z J,Wang Z W,(1996).Przewalski's gazelle in China.Conservation Biology,13:324-325.
[35]蒋志刚,雷润华,刘丙万,等.普氏原羚研究概述[J].动物学杂志,2003,38(6):129-131.
[36]蔡桂全,刘永生,冯祚建,等.青海省有关地区哺乳类考察报告[C].高原生物学集刊,1992,11:63-90.
[37]Jiang Z.,Li D.(1998).Antelopes in China.Bulletin of Russian Academy of Sciences,4:458-461.
[38]蒋志刚,李迪强.普氏原羚的生境与种群生存力分析.见:中国科学院生物多样性委员会主编.97成 都国际大熊猫保护学术研讨会论文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1998.339.
[39]李迪强,蒋志刚,王祖望.人类活动对普氏原羚分布的影响[J].生态学报,1999,19(6):890-896.
[40]刘丙万,蒋志刚.普氏原羚生境选择的数量化分析[J].兽类学报,2002,22(1):15-21.
[41]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1994,18-23,204-253.
[42]Paul B,Mccullough D.(1990).Factors influencing white-tailed deer activity patterns and habitat use.Wildlife Monographs,109:5-51.
[43]刘丙万,蒋志刚.普氏原羚的采食对策[J].动物学报,2002,48(3):309-316.
[44]李迪强,蒋志刚,王祖望.普氏原羚的食性分析[J].动物学研究,1999,20(1):74-77.
[45]易湘蓉,王秀磊,周慧.普氏原羚的食性研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,2005,31(3):289-292.
[46]李忠秋,蒋志刚.青海天峻地区藏原羚的食性[J].兽类学报,2007,27(1):64-67
[47]Li Z.and Jiang Z.(2008).Dietary overlap of Prewalski's gazelle,Tibet gazelle,and Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.The Journal of Wildlife Management,72(4):944-948.
[48]王秀磊,李迪强,吴波,等.青海湖东-克图地区普氏原羚生境适宜性评价[J].生物多样性,2005,13(3):213-220.
[49]李剑鸣.微量元素及其功能[J].乐山师范学院学报,2002,7(4):100-102.
[50]Underwood,E.J.(1966) Mineral Nutrition of livestock.FAO Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaus,London,England.
[51]McCollum,E.V.(1956) A History of Nutrition.Houghton Mifflin,Boston,MA.
[52]Allman,R.T.,Hamilton,T.S.(1949) Nutritional Deficiencies in Livestock.FAO Agricultural Studies No.5,Washington D.C.
[53]Scott,M.L.,Nesheim,M.C.and Young,R.J.(1982)."Nutrition of the Chicken." M.L.Scott and Associates,Ithaca,New York.
[54]Lee Russell McDowell.Minerals in animal and human nutrition.Second Edition.2003
[55]秦俊法,李增禧.中国微量元素研究二十年[J].广东微量元素科学,2004,11(12):1-20.
[56]蓝翁驰.微量元素与生态环境的相关性[J].中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2004,13(2):163.
[57]谭见安.环境生命元素与克山病-生态化学地理研究[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1996.
[58]谭见安.地球环境与健康[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[59]冯子道.生命元素[M].成都:四川教育出版社,1989.
[60]曾昭华,曾雪萍.化学元素与癌症的相关性及其分类的探讨[J].贵州环保科技,2002,8(3):5-9.
[61]余飞苑,刘浩宇,刘锡仪.微量元素与血管代谢及心血管疾病的关系[J].微量元素与健康研究,2005,22(5):10-12.
[62]Anke,M.,Glei,M.Arnold,W.and Drobner,C.et al.,(1997).In"Handbook of Nutritionally Essential Mineral Elements,"(B.L.O' Dell and R.A.Sunde,eds.),Dekker,New York.
[63]杨志强.微量元素与动物疾病[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.1998.
[64]李光辉.动物微量元素性疾病研究的回顾与展望[J].世界元素医学,2004,11(2):3-8.
[65]黄素珍,孟雪燕,古少鹏,等.硒、维生素E对鸡体脂质过氧化的影响[J].中国兽医学报,1998,18(02):191-192.
[66]赵剑.氨基酸螯合微量元素对南江黄羊生产性能,胴体性状和肉品品质影响的研究[D].四川农业大学,2003.
[67]赵志伟,张山林,赵志勇,等.高铜对鸡饲料养分利用率的影响[J].中国饲料,1998,(02):31-32.
[68]俞海峰.饲料营养元素与动物免疫研究进展[J].饲料广角,2003,12:34-36.
[69]徐迪雄,吴嘉惠,魏文.锌对大鼠免疫器官细胞周期的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,1995,17(4):131-133.
[70]冯志华,赵国先.微量元素硒对动物免疫功能的影响[J].畜禽业,2002,146(6):16-17.
[71]孙德文,詹勇,许梓荣.饲料营养素对动物免疫机能的影响[J].辽宁畜牧兽医,2002,1:24-26.
[72]王子旭,佘锐萍,袁莉.锌和硒对动物免疫功能的影响[J].动物医学进展,2003,24(4):33-35.
[73]孙先忠,杨本善.低硒日粮对雏鸡细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医科技,1991,21(2):28-29.
[74]吴建设,呙于明.微量元素铜的营养与免疫研究进展[J].国外畜牧科技,1999,26:(1)5-9.
[75]NRC.(1980).Mineral Tolerance of Domestic Animals.National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council,Washing D.C.
[76]McDowell,L.R.(1985).Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates.Academic Press,New York.
[77]NRC.(1985).Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals,Nutrient Requirements of Sheep.5~(th) Ed.National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council,Washing D.C.
[78]NRC.(1996).Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals,Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle.6~(th)Ed.National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council,Washing D.C.
[79]NRC.(2001).Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals,Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle.7~(th)Ed.National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council,Washing D.C.
[80]陈君石,高俊全.1990年中国总膳食研究1-化学污染物[J].卫生研究,1993,22(增刊):1-12.
[81]诸洪达,王继先,陈如松,等.中国人食品中元素浓度和膳食摄入量研究[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2000,20(6):378-384.
[82]何燕,周国华,王学求.从微量元素与人体健康关系得到的启示[J].物探和化探.2008.32(1):17-47.
[83]Clifford,L.,Heffron,and J.Thomas Reid.,et al.(1980).Cadmium and zinc in growing sheep fed silage corn grown on municipal sludge-amended soil.28(1):58-61.
[84]杨文正,章世元,林在光,等.动物矿物质营养[M].中国农业出版社,1996.
[85]张泽浦,王学军.土壤微量元素含量空间分布的条件模拟[J].土壤学报,1998,35(3):423-429.
[86]H·奥贝尔,M·潘塔著,刘铮等译.土壤中的微量元素[M].科学出版社,1982.
[87]邓卫东,毛华明.反刍家畜必需微量元素营养研究概况评价[J].贵州畜牧兽医,1999,23(3):16-19.
[88]Anderson,O.E.and R.M.Harrison(1970).Micronutrient variation within cotton leaf tissue as related to variety and soil location.Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal.1,163-172.
[89]Pierson,E.E.(1984).Plant genotype differences to ferrous and total iron emerging leaves.||.Dry beans and soybeans,J.Plant Nutrition.7(1-5),355-369.
[90]Hill,R.and H.Lehmann(1941).Studies on iron in plants with special observation on the chlorophyll:iron ratio.Biochem.J.35,1190-1199.
[91]Jumba,I.O.,Suttle,N.F.and Hunter,E.A.,et al.(1995).Effect of soil origin and herbage species on mineral composition of forage in the Mount Elgon region of kenga.Tropical Grasslands.29:47-52.
[92]Underwood,E.J.(1981).The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock.Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau London,England.
[93]Minson,D.J.(1990).Forage in Ruminant Nutrition.Academic Press,New York.
[94]Cromwell,G.L.,Monegue,H.J.,and Stahly,T.S.(1993).Long-term effects of feeding a high copper diet to sows during gestation and lactation,dournal of AnimalScience.71:2996-3002.
[95]Liu zong ping,Ma zhuo,and Zhang youjia.(1994).Studies on the relationship between sway disease of bactrian camels and copper status in Gansu Province.VeterinaryResearch communications.18:251-260.
[96]李万立,罗海吉.微量元素铜与人类疾病关系的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2008,25(1):62-64.
[97]Thomas,J.P.(1994).Involvement of preexisting lipid hydroperoxides in Cu(2+)- stimulated oxidation of low - density lipoprotein[J].Arch Biochem Biophys,315(2):244-254.
[98]Hawk,S.N.,Lanoue,L.,Keen C.L.,et al.(2003).Copper deficient rat embryos are characterized by low superoxide dismutase activity and elevated superoxide anions.Biology of reproduction,68(3):896-903.
[99]郭廷东.铜缺乏对小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞的影响[J].西南军医,2006,8(6):49-50.
[100]刘立新,李静媛,王晖.微量元素铁铜锌与胃癌关系的研究[J].临床消化病杂志,2006,18(6):360-363.
[101]Lin Y.,Kikuch I.S.,Obata Y.,et al.(2002).Serum copper/zinc superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn SOD)and gastric cancer risk:a case control study[J]Japan J Cancer Res.93(10):1071.
[102]Underwood,E.J.,and Suttle,N.F.(1999).In "The Mineral Nutrition of livestock"(3~(rd) Ed.),Midlothian, UK.
[103]Troost,F.J.,Saris,W.H.M.and Brummer,R.J.M.(2002).J.Nutr.132,24.
[104]Hannon,J.(1971).Vet.Rec.88,181.
[105]Conrad,H.R.,Zimmerman,D.R.and Combs,G.F.et al.,(1980).NFIA,Literature Review on Iron in Animal and Poultry Nutrition.National Feed Ingredients Association,West Des Moines,IA.
[106]Leach,R.M.Jr.(1978).In "Handbook Series in Nutrition and Food,Section E:Nutrition Disorders"Vol.1(M.Recheigl,Jr.,ed.),305.CRC Press,West Palm Beach,FL.
[107]Anke,M.,Groppel,B.and Reissig,W.,et al.,(1973).Arch Tierernnehr.23,197.
[108]Groppel,G.and Anke,M.(1971).Arch.Veterinaermed.25,779.
[109]李光辉,贺普霄.畜禽微量元素性疾病[M].合肥:安徽科技出版社,1990,161-168.
[110]Leeson,S.and Summers,J.D.(2001).In " Nutrition of the chick" 4~(th) Ed.University Books,Guelph,Canada.
[111]周少波,王桂杰.微量元素锌营养研究进展[J].佳木斯医学院学报,1991,14(1):71-73.
[112]钟永安,白玉白.我国北部绵羊脱毛症与锌营养状况关系的探讨[J].中国农业科学,1990,23(1):9-13.
[113]葛卉芳,钟永安.肉用雏鸡缺锌模型的探讨[C].涕三届全国微量元素与健康学术讨论会论文,1986.
[114]Bettger,W.J.et al.,(1980).J.Nutri:110
[115]Miller,W.J.et al.,(1965).Proc.soc.Exp.Biol.Med.118.
[116]Mili,C.E and Bremner,I.(1980).In "Nutritional Aspects of Molybdenum in Animals"(M.P.Coughlan,ed.),Pregamon Press,Oxford.
[117]吕爱军,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.不同铜钼水平对小尾寒羊血清铜蓝蛋白和血浆过氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2005,17(1):61-64.
[118]Arthur,J.R.(1997).Selenium biochemistry and function In "Fischer,P.W.Cockell,K.A.and Gibson,R.S.(eds.),Proceeding of Ninth International symposium on Trace elements in Man and Animals"NRC Research Press.Ottawa,Canada.
[119]Hidiroglou,M.,Proulx,J.and Jolette,J.(1985).Intraruminal selenium for control of nutritional muscular dystrophy in the dairy cow.Journal of Dairy Science,68:57-66.
[120]屈健.动物营养中重要的微量元素-硒[J].饲料工业,1997,18(2):13-16.
[121]Whelan,B.R.,Barrow,N.J.and Peter,D.W.(1994).Selenium fertilizers for pastures grazed by sheep.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,45:863-875.
[112]Arthur,J.R.(1998).Effects of selenium and Vitamin E status on plasma creatine kinase activity in calves.Journal of Nutrition,118:747-755
[123]McDonald,J.W.(1975).Selenium-responsive unthrift ness of young merino sheep in central Victoria.Australian Veterinary Journal,51:433-435.
[124]Wolliams,C.Suttle,N.F.and Wolliams,J.A.,et al.(1986).Studies on lambs from lines genetically selected for low or high plasma copper status.Animal Production.43:293-301.
[125]Smith,B.,and Moon,G.H.(1976).N.Z.Vet.J.24,132.
[126]Huber,J.T.,Price,N.D.and Engle,R.W.(1971).J.Anim.Sci.32,364.
[127]Suttle,N.F.and Peter,W.(1984).Trace Elem.Metab.Proc.5~(th) Int.Symp.68(Abstr.).
[128]Suttle,N.F.and Angus,K.W.(1976).J.Comp.Pathol.86,595.
[129]杨红建.肉牛微量元素铜的营养[J].饲料研究,1999,(8):1-3.
[130]Judson,G.J.(2002) Comparison of copper hepatic with copper oxide wire particles as copper supplements for sheep on pasture of high molybdenum content.Australian Veterinary Journal.80(10):630-635.
[131]McDowell,L.R.,Froseth,J.A.and Piper,R.C.(1978).Nutr.Rep.Int.17,19.
[132]Whanger,P.D.(1981).In "Selenium in Biology and Medicion"(J.E.Spallholz,J.L.Martin,and H.E.Ganther,eds.),230,AVI Publishing Co.,Westport,CT.
[133]Halverson,A.W.,Monty,K.J.(1960).An effect of dietary sulfate on selenium poisoning in the rat.Journal of Nutrition,70:100-102.
[134]Walravens,P.A.,(1979).West J.Med,130.
[135]申小云.高寒草地施肥对牦牛抗氧化系统功能的影响[C].兰州大学博士论文,2006.
[136]康承伦,孙维宏 宋英,等.青海省河卡种羊场绵羊体内的矿物元素检测[J].中国兽医科技1997,27(8)1:13-14.
[137]康承伦,孙维宏,戴凤菊,等.青海省三角城种羊场绵羊提内的矿物元素检测[J].中国兽医科技,1997,22(12):13-14.
[138]康承伦,张才骏,马清德,等.青海湖地区绵羊Na、se缺乏的研究分析[J].草与畜杂志,1998,11-21.
[139]张才骏,郑喜帮,王 勇,等.青海省环湖地区绵羊组织微量元素含量分析[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1997,27(3):4-6.
[140]杨黎彬,索有瑞.青海三角城牧场牧草微量元素含量研究[J].广东微量元素科学,2004,11(6):35-37.
[141]金建华,吴启勋.青海湖区牦牛体内微量元素的因子分析[J].西南民族大学学报.自然科学版,2008,34(1):112-114.
[142]Iyengar,V.and Woittiez,J.Clin.Chem.34(3),474.
[143]程义勇,蒋与刚.生物医学微量元素数据手册[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1994.
[144]刘彦明.原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2000,20(3):373.
[145]孙汉文.原子光谱分析[M].高等教育出版社,2002.
[146]周永义,谷学新,范国强,等.微波消解技术及其在分析化学中的应用[J].冶金分析,2004,24(2):30.
[147]郑永军,孔波,赵斌.微波消解/等离子发射光谱法测定宁夏枸杞中的多元素[J].广东微量元素科学,2005,12(2):42-44.
[148]袁志发,周静芋.多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:216-230.
[149]葛和平.Fisher判别在上市公司财务困境中的应用[J].市场周刊,2003,7:27-28.
[150]吴启勋,龙启萍,赵旭升,等.青海世居土族藏族和回族人发中微量元素的判别分析研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2008,25(4):6-9.
[151]马威,管竞环.植物类中药辛甘苦味的定量判别研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2004,21(1):22-24.
[152]刘敬斌,冷丹静,龚建新.149名机车乘务员头发微量元素判别分析疾病控制杂志,2005,9(5):512-513.
[153]金日光.饮用水安全与民族生存健康[R].全国政协人口资源环境委员会,2000.
[154]NRC.(1974).Nutrients and Toxic Substances in Water for Livestock and Poultry.National Academy of Science,Washington,DC.(SF95.N285)
[155]陈立伟,冯祚建,蔡平,等.普氏原羚昼间行为时间分配的研究[J].兽类学报1997,17(3):172-183.
[156]Aubert,H.and Pinta,M.(1977).Trace elements in soils.Amsterdam Oxford New York:Elsevier scientific publishing company.
[157]翘复胜,眸静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991,12(4):12-19.
[158]Mitchell,R.L.(1972).Trace elements in soils and factors that their availability.Bulletin Geol.Soc.Amer.85,1069.
[159]李光辉,王钰.微量元素在土壤、饲料与畜体中的含量[J].饲料研究,1995,(1):13-14.
[160]Misra,S.G.and M.D.Sharma(1961).Studied on release of absorbed copper by soils and compost.Soil Plant Food,6,103.
[161]刘铮等.微量元素的农业化学[M].农业出版社,1991.
[162]Lisk D.J.(1972).Trace metals in soil.Plants and animals.
[163]袁可能.植物营养元素的土壤化学[M].北京:科学出版社.1983.463-498.
[164]Swaine,D.J.(1955).The trace element content of soils.Comm.Bur.Soil Sci.Tech.Commun.48.
[165]李前勇,张乃生,王哲.土壤-牧草-家畜六种元素含量的分析[J].四川畜牧兽医,2001,10(28):21-22.
[166]刘铮.中国土壤微量元素[M].江苏:科学技术出版社.1996.
[167]刘铮.我国农业中施用微量元素的前景与分区[J].土壤,1983,15(5):161-170.
[168]Kabata-Pendias,A.(1985).Trace elements in soils and plants.CRC Press,Inc.,N.W.Boca Raton,Florida
[169]刘铮,唐丽华,朱其清等.我国土壤中微量元素的含量分布初步总结[J].土壤学报,1979,15,138.
[170]Suttle,N.F.(1999).The mineral nutrition of livestock.New York.CABI publishing.
[171]熊云龙,王哲.运行营养代谢病[M].长春:吉林科学拄术出版社,1995.
[172]姜秋凤.土壤中缺硒对我省畜牧业生产的影响及防治措施[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2000,30(2):41-42.
[173]Graham,R.D.and E.K.Sadanadan Nambiar(1982).Advances in research on copper deficiency in cereals.Aust.J.Agr.Res.32,109.
[174]Johnston,W.R.and Proctor,J.(1977).Metal concentrations in plants and soils from two British serpentine sites.Plant Soil.46,275.
[175]Beeson,K.C.(1947).The absorption of mineral elements in forage plants.J.Am.Soc.Agron.39,356.
[176]Katyal,J.C.and N.S.Randhawa(1983).Micronutrients.FAO Fertilizer and Plant Nutrition Bulletin.7.
[177]王宗元,曹光辛,胡在朝.动物矿物质营养代谢与疾病[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995.
[178]郝正里.河西半荒漠地区土草畜的微量元素营养特征[J].草业学报,1993,2(1):39-44.
[179]刘武定.微量元素营养与微肥施用[M].北京.中国农业出版社,1999.
[180]科技参考资料-硒专辑[M].东北农学院,1980,1,40-57.
[181]朱莲珍.人和动物的微量元素营养[M].青岛:青岛出版社,1994.
[182]Mason,J.(1986) Toxicology.42,99.
[183]刘彩琴.高寒草甸土-草-绵羊生态系统中常量矿物质元素的季节变化.[D].甘肃农业大学硕士论文.2003.
[184]McDowell,L.R.(1985).Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates.Academic Press,New York.
[185]Kamprath,E.J.and Jones,U.So(1986).In " Sulfur in Agriculture,"(M.A.Tabatabai,ed.).American Society of Agronomy.Madison,WI.
[186]Rosenfeld,I.et al.and Reath,O.A.(1964).Selenium.Geology,Biochemistry,Toxicity and Nutrition. Academic Press.New York.
[187]Andrews,E.D.,Hartley,W.J.,Grant,A.B.(1968).Selenium-responsive diseases of animal in New Zealand.New Zealand Veterinary Journal.16:3-17.
[188]McDonald,J.W.(1975).Selenium-responsive unthrift ness of young merino sheep in central Victoria.Australian Veterinary Journal 51:433-435
[189]Dhillon,K.S.(1991).Accumulation of selenium in sugarcane in seleniferous areas of Punjab,India.Environmental Geochemistry and Heath,13:165-170
[190]胡令浩等.青海主要饲料、牧草含硒量的研究.[C].见:青海省牧科院管理处编,畜牧科研资料汇编,1987:453-460.
[191]刘厚诚,邝广华.植物对营养胁迫的生理生化反应研究进展[J].华南农业大学学报,1998,19(4):118-122.
[192]Paynter,D.I.(1995).Diagnosis of mineral deficiencies.ACIAL workshop of mineral nutrition of grazing sheep in China.
[193]刘宗平,马卓,张尤嘉,等.健康羊全血和被毛微量元素研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1992,27(3):190-195.
[194]谢永乐等.福建省大洋人工草地水体、土壤、牧草、羊血液和被毛若干元素自然背景值的研究[A].全国家畜内科学术讨论会论文,北京.1991.
[195]游章强,蒋志刚.普氏原羚的求偶交配行为[J].动物学报,2005,51(2):187-194.
[196]Miller,W.J.(1979).Dairy cattle feeding and nutrition.Academic Press,New York.
[197]陆军.铁、铜、锌和活性氧与肾小球疾病[J].医学综述,1996,2(6):124.
[198]G·E·伯克利著.锌的作用[J].营养抗癌,1985,67-69.
[199]刘春龙,孙风俊.微量元素钼对反刍动物营养代谢的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2002,(10):53-54.
[200]何莹,李鹏.微量元素硒的研究进展及其对动物健康的影响[J].畜禽业,2006,(204):16-18.
[201]关肃林,高水平.维生素E对大鼠血脂、肝脂质过氧化的作用[J].营养学报,1989,11(6):126-133.
[202]Burdon.R.H.(1995).Superxoide and hydrogen peroxide in relation to mammalian cell proliferation.Free Radical Biology Medicine.18(4):775-794.
[203]卢福山,张才骏.高原型牦牛8项血液指标的测定[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2006,36(4):3-4.
[204]张才骏,王勇.青海本地山羊25项血液指标测定[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1999,29(3):8-11.
[205]徐惊涛,魏雅萍,韩吉庆.青海省高寒牧区公牦牛19项生理生化指标的研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,12008,38(4):8-11.
[206]Levander,O.A.(1986).In "Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition"(W.Mertz,ed.),209.Academic Press,New York.
[207]Schoener,T.W.(1974).Resource partitioning in ecological community.Science,185:27-39.
[208]Rotruck,J.T.,Pope,A.L.,and Ganther,H.E.,et al.(1973).Selenium:biochemical roles as a component of glutathione peroxidase.Seience.USA.179:588-590.
[209]Bryant,J.P.and Kuropat,P.J.(1980).Selection of winter forage by subarctic browsing vertebrates:Role of plant chemistry.Annals Reviews Ecology Systematic,11:261-285.
[210]Bazely,D.K.and Jeffries,R.C.(1986).Changes in composition and standing crops of salt marsh communities in response to removal of a grazer.Journal of Ecology,74:631-736.
[211]Grant,W.W.(1982).Structure and productivity of grassland small mammal communities related to grazing reduced change in vegetative cover.Journal of Mammalogy,63:248-260.
[212]Paul,B.and Mccullough,D.(1990).Factors influencing white-tailed deer activity patterns and habitat use.Wildlife Monographs,190:5-51.
[213]孙菁,彭敏,陈桂琛,等.人类活动对青海湖地区草原生物群落多样性的影响[J].生态与可持续发展,2005,39.
[214]刘进琪,王一博,程慧艳.青海湖区生态环境变化及其成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(1):32-37.
[215]周国英,陈桂琛,魏国良,等.青海湖地区芨芨草群落主要种群分布格局研究J].西北植物学报,2006,26(3):579-584.
[216]CHEN G CH(陈桂琛),PENG M(彭敏).Community characteristics and distribution laws of Achnatherum steppe in Qinghai province[J].Acta.Bot.Boreal-Occident.Sin.(西北植物学报),1993,13(2):154-162(in Chinese)
[217]姜云霞.微量元素铜的研究进展及其对动物健康的影响[J].微量元素与健康研究,2007,24(5):58-61.
[218]王建辉,康琳.猪饲料中高铜高锌的危害[J].饲料营养,2003,9:40-43.
[219]杜娟,高荣琨.高铜的生理功能及影响[J].饲料焦点,2004,42-45.
[220]Olsen,S.R.(1972).Among micronutrients in interactions.Micronutrients in agriculture(Eds.Mortvedt,J.J.,P.W.Giordano and W.L.Lindsay).S.S.S.A.194.
[221]胡健颖,冯泰.实用统计学[M].北京,北京大学出版社,1997.
[222]钟冲,郭强.费歇尔判别法及其应用[J].西南交通大学学报,2008,43(2):136-141.
[223]Harper,J.L.(1977).Population Biology of plants.London[M].Academic press.