水下高清晰成像系统的接口技术研究
摘要
高清晰成像是目前图像信息采集的发展趋势所在,即使在水下探测的过程中也逐渐开始应用水下高清晰成像技术实时观测水下遇险目标及其周围环境状况,并成为了水下遇险目标快速高效救助打捞的关键环节。本课题来源于国家科技支撑计划课题”海上遇险目标快速接近技术”的水下目标高清晰成像系统设计部分,承担对水下高清晰成像系统的接口技术研究。
本课题通过比较目前主流数据传输接口的优缺点,结合项目实际情况,提出了将高清串行数字接口(HD-SDI)应用于水下高清晰成像系统的设计方案。HD-SDI作为广播电视行业高清信号的主要传输接口,用来传输无压缩高清晰数字视频。首先,参照HD-SDI的实际应用,对其所遵循SMPTE292M标准进行了分析,主要分析了数据格式、传输速率和数字信号的行、场信息等,为系统的设计与实现奠定了理论基础；其次,参照高清晰成像系统,提出了系统实现方案,采用FPGA实现逻辑控制和数据处理,串行器芯片实现并串转换和编码,并对系统方案采用的主要模块进行了原理分析；第三,根据系统要求,进行硬件电路设计,以课题需求为依据,进行芯片选型,完成了硬件电路的设计；第四,完成了软件实现,采用Verilog HDL语言对系统进行模块化设计,实现了图像数据格式转换、串行器的并串转换、HD-SDI信号的编码,最终实现了HD-SDI信号的输出；最后,通过实验结果的分析验证设计方案的可行性。
实验结果表明,本课题设计的系统方案可行,可以实现将Bayer格式图像转换为HD-SDI信号输出,对高清晰成像系统的进一步集成提供了技术支撑。
High resolution imaging is the development trend of image information collection, even in underwater detection gradually come into using underwater high resolution imaging to observe underwater target in danger and the surrounding environment in real-time, and become the key component of underwater distress target salvage. This subject comes from the underwater target high resolution imaging systemthe, which is part of National Science and Technology Support Plan Subject "the technology of fast approaching target in emergency on maritime", responsible for the researching on interface technology of underwater high resolution imaging system.
Through the comparison of the current main data transmission interface's advantages and disadvantages, combined with the actual situation of the project, put forward the High Definition Serial Digital Interface (HD-SDI), which is applied to the design of underwater high resolution imaging system. HD-SDI is the main transport interface of HD signals in radio and television industry, used for transmitting uncompressed high definition digital video. First of all, according to the practical application of the HD-SDI, which is followed by SMPTE292M standard, mainly analyzes the data format, transmission rate and digital signal line, field information, for providing theory basis to the design and implementation of the system; secondly, according to high resolution imaging system, puts forward the system resolution, using the FPGA realize the logical control and data processing, serializer chip realize the conversion from parallel to serial and code encoding, and analyze the principle of system's main modules; thirdly, according to the requirements of the system, have a hardware circuit design, refer to the course requirement as the basis, for the main chips selection, completed the design of the hardware circuit; fourthly, completed software implementation, using Verilog HDL hardware description language to realize the modular design of system, achieve the image data format conversion, realize the control of serializer chip to achieve the high speed of parallel and serial conversion and HD-SDI signal encoding, ultimate the order of HD-SDI signal output is realized; finally, through the analysis of experimental results,we confirm the feasibility of the system resolution.
The experimental results show that, the system is feasible, can be achieved Bayer format images convert to HD-SDI signal output, the high resolution imaging system is further integrated to provide technical support.
本课题通过比较目前主流数据传输接口的优缺点,结合项目实际情况,提出了将高清串行数字接口(HD-SDI)应用于水下高清晰成像系统的设计方案。HD-SDI作为广播电视行业高清信号的主要传输接口,用来传输无压缩高清晰数字视频。首先,参照HD-SDI的实际应用,对其所遵循SMPTE292M标准进行了分析,主要分析了数据格式、传输速率和数字信号的行、场信息等,为系统的设计与实现奠定了理论基础；其次,参照高清晰成像系统,提出了系统实现方案,采用FPGA实现逻辑控制和数据处理,串行器芯片实现并串转换和编码,并对系统方案采用的主要模块进行了原理分析；第三,根据系统要求,进行硬件电路设计,以课题需求为依据,进行芯片选型,完成了硬件电路的设计；第四,完成了软件实现,采用Verilog HDL语言对系统进行模块化设计,实现了图像数据格式转换、串行器的并串转换、HD-SDI信号的编码,最终实现了HD-SDI信号的输出；最后,通过实验结果的分析验证设计方案的可行性。
实验结果表明,本课题设计的系统方案可行,可以实现将Bayer格式图像转换为HD-SDI信号输出,对高清晰成像系统的进一步集成提供了技术支撑。
High resolution imaging is the development trend of image information collection, even in underwater detection gradually come into using underwater high resolution imaging to observe underwater target in danger and the surrounding environment in real-time, and become the key component of underwater distress target salvage. This subject comes from the underwater target high resolution imaging systemthe, which is part of National Science and Technology Support Plan Subject "the technology of fast approaching target in emergency on maritime", responsible for the researching on interface technology of underwater high resolution imaging system.
Through the comparison of the current main data transmission interface's advantages and disadvantages, combined with the actual situation of the project, put forward the High Definition Serial Digital Interface (HD-SDI), which is applied to the design of underwater high resolution imaging system. HD-SDI is the main transport interface of HD signals in radio and television industry, used for transmitting uncompressed high definition digital video. First of all, according to the practical application of the HD-SDI, which is followed by SMPTE292M standard, mainly analyzes the data format, transmission rate and digital signal line, field information, for providing theory basis to the design and implementation of the system; secondly, according to high resolution imaging system, puts forward the system resolution, using the FPGA realize the logical control and data processing, serializer chip realize the conversion from parallel to serial and code encoding, and analyze the principle of system's main modules; thirdly, according to the requirements of the system, have a hardware circuit design, refer to the course requirement as the basis, for the main chips selection, completed the design of the hardware circuit; fourthly, completed software implementation, using Verilog HDL hardware description language to realize the modular design of system, achieve the image data format conversion, realize the control of serializer chip to achieve the high speed of parallel and serial conversion and HD-SDI signal encoding, ultimate the order of HD-SDI signal output is realized; finally, through the analysis of experimental results,we confirm the feasibility of the system resolution.
The experimental results show that, the system is feasible, can be achieved Bayer format images convert to HD-SDI signal output, the high resolution imaging system is further integrated to provide technical support.
引文
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[2]http://wenku.baidu.com/view/caOdfb3a5727a5e9856a6142.html.
[3]李宁,汪峻发.基于Camera Link的高速数据采集系统[J].红外,2005,26(7)：31-37.
[4]肖踞雄.USB技术及应用设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[5]李肇庆,朱险峰IEEE1394接口技术[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2004.
[6]孙雪俊,周祖成.千兆以太网技术及其进展[J].电子技术应用,7：4-6,2000.
[7]黄庆敏,罗键HDMI接口标准及应用设计[J].电视技术,2007,31(2)：32-34.
[8]韩济源.数字电视设备的接口和通信[J].广播与电视技术,2000(7)：48-60.
[9]http://info.secu.hc360.com/zt/hssdi0422/
[10]ANSI/SMPTE 292M, SMPTE Standard for Television Bit-serial Digital Interface for High-Definition Television Systems,1996.
[11]ANSI/SMPTE 274M,1920x1080 Scaning and Analog and Parallel Digital Interface for Multiple Picture Rates,1998.
[12]刘韬,楼兴华FPGA数字电子系统设计与开发实例导航[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005.
[13]李鸿强,苗长云,刘晓军等HD-SDI数字视频信号处理及传输的FPGA设计与实现.计算机应用研究,2007,24(10)：269-272.
[14]王明臣,姜秀华,张永辉.数字电视与高清晰度电视[M].北京：中国广播电视出版社,2003.
[15]Jerry Whiaker,曹晨,杨作梅.高清晰度数字视频原理与应用[M].北京：北京工业出版社,2002.
[16]李宁HD-SDI信号的特征及检测方法的提案[J].现代电视技术,2004,8：35-42.
[17]田耕,徐文波等Xilinx FPGA开发实用教程.北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[18]Xilinx Corporation. Audio/Video Connectivity Soultions for Virtex-Ⅱ Pro and Virtex-4 FPGAs[Z]. xaap514(v4.0.1),2008.
[19]王学科.多路HD-SDI高清视频复用及传输系统设计：(硕士学位论文).成都：电子科技大学,2010.
[20]谷树忠Altium Designer教程—原理图、PCB设计与仿真[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[21]Virtex-II FPGA Configuration User Guide. UG069 (v1.0) March 8,2005.
[22]田耕,徐文波,胡斌等Xilinx ISE Design Suite 10.x FPGA开发指南—逻辑设计篇[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008.
[23]GENNUM Corporation, Datasheet:GS1532,2005.
[24]GENNUM Corporation, Datasheet:GS1528,2010.
[25]GENNUM Corporation, Datasheet:GO1525,2003.
[26]夏宇闻Verilog数字系统设计方程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[27]吴厚航.深入浅出玩转FPGA[M]北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2010.
[28]云创工作室Verilog HDL程序设计与实践.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[29]Kohcc, Mitra S K. New Efficient Method of Image Compression in Digital Cameras with Color Filter Array[J]. IEEE Transcation on Consumer Electronics,2003,49(4): 1448-1456.
[30]冈萨雷斯Digital Image Processing[M]阮秋琦,译.北京：电子工业出版社,2002.
[31]杨华,佟首峰.基于FPGA的Bayer到RGB图像格式转换设计[J].现代电子技术,2010,2：122-124.
[32]周钱生,戴麟.快速查表法优化视频编码中YCbCr到RGB的转换[J].现代电子技术,2007,30(15)：167-169.
[33]宋冠群,段哲飞,冯飞.基于FPGA的色度空间转换设计[J].电子测量技术,2007,30(1)：178-180.
[34]Benoit Payette. Color Space Converter:RGB to YCbCrfZ]. Xilinx xaap637,2002.
[35]刘晓军.基于HD-SDI标准的视频接口卡的设计与实现：(硕士学位论文).天津：天津工业大学,2007.
[36]彭惠英.接收HD-SDI串行数字码流的高清液晶监视器的研发：(硕士学位论文).厦门：厦门大学,2008.
[37]田佳天.基于FPGA的高清SDI测试信号源的硬件设计与实现：(硕士学位论文).北京：北京邮电大学,2011.
[38]向数字环境过渡的利器—泰克公司的新型食品波形监视器[J].电子与电脑,2006,4：73.
[39]http://bbs.ednchina.com/BLOG_ARTICLE_131330.HTM.