基于量子框架的开放式汽车电控系统体系架构及其应用研究
|
摘要
随着嵌入式技术的迅猛发展,汽车电子化为汽车生产企业带来了新的经济增长点,汽车电子在整车中所占的比例越来越高。汽车电子控制系统研究厂商众多,系统中用到的处理器也是千差万别,运行环境更是各有千秋,因此在开发汽车电控系统过程中的一个主要难题就是嵌入式软件的复用。同时,嵌入式系统本身资源有限,对实时性的要求较高,汽车电子控制系统的控制逻辑规定了电控单元(Electronic Control Unit,简称ECU)完成特定功能所必须的步骤和事件的序列。为了提高自己产品的竞争力,各汽车生产厂商又在不停地对电控系统更新换代,这使得电控系统的控制越来越复杂。当向控制系统中添加新的部件、增加新的控制算法或替换已有的子系统时,其控制逻辑必然发生改变。因此,针对不同产品的开发过程不同,每次开发过程又有不少重复性的工作,控制系统的扩展性、移植性都很差。为了解决这些问题,目前汽车电控系统正由封闭式结构走向开放式结构,这一研究工作在国际上正处于起步阶段。
本文以中国重型汽车集团新一代HOWO重型卡车的机械式自动变速器系统为研究对象,开展了开放式汽车电控系统研究,旨在为国内开放式汽车电控系统的研究提供一种快速高效的设计方法,主要的研究工作如下:
本文探讨了现有的开放式体系结构,重点对OSEK/VDX和AUTOSAR两种典型的应用于汽车电控系统的开放式体系结构从基本结构、模块功能、运行机制、实现技术等方面进行了分析,然后分析了有限状态机与量子框架的关系,讨论了量子框架的活动对象、状态调度、通信方法等内部运行机制,并在此基础上提出了一种新型的开放式汽车电控系统体系架构——OSAQ(Open System ArchitectureBased on Quantum framework),该架构不依赖于汽车ECU的硬件和操作系统的类型,真正地实现了汽车电控系统在软件和硬件层次上的开放,并比较了OSEK/VDX、AUTOSAR和OSAQ之间的差别,给出了构建开放式汽车电控系统的一种思路。
基于量子框架的软件总线是OSAQ体系结构中的信息交互媒介,所有活动对象间的消息传递都是通过量子框架来实现的,因此必须配置系统软件层中的每个活动对象使其具有标准的外部通信接口,这是实现功能模块代码重用的基础。另外,根据实际应用的嵌入式操作系统的不同,需要对运行环境层的软件总线接口进行配置。针对不同的ECU硬件又需要进行操作系统的代码移植,即要编写不同的硬件抽象层文件。操作系统的代码移植、系统软件层的接口配置和运行环境层接口配置是量子框架软件总线实现既定功能的关键技术。本文对量子框架在典型的硬件平台上实现从硬件平台选择和软件平台选择、实时操作系统移植等方面进行了分析,然后在此基础上分别分析了软件总线在运行环境层和系统软件层的配置方法,通过对软件总线的配置可以大大增强汽车电控系统软件模块的可重用性和系统开放性。当底层硬件或系统功能发生变化时,可以通过分别配置量子框架软件总线的运行环境层和系统软件层接口来实现系统的行为重构和功能扩展。
代码自动生成技术就是帮助程序员完成系统底层的、重复性代码的自动生成,减少软件开发中枯燥且重复的编码工作,使得程序员将更多的时间花在系统架构研究、软件工程等方面,从而提高软件系统健壮性、可扩展性、以及可维护性。本文对QF代码自动生成平台的开发进行了需求分析,研究了基于量子框架的嵌入式代码生成方法,通过设计基于量子框架的XSLT模板,将得到的XML文件直接转换为QF活动对象的代码框架,开发了QF代码自动生成平台QFCodeGenerator。在QF代码自动生成平台中通过相关配置,就能够自动生成符合QF标准的嵌入式代码。
在对开放式汽车电控系统体系架构OSAQ进行深入研究研究的基础上,完成了HOWO重型卡车的机械系统改造及控制系统开发,建立了基于量子框架开放式重型卡车AMT原型系统。研究了重型卡车AMT系统的硬件结构以及关键执行机构,分析了AMT系统的工作过程并建立了AMT系统各个功能模块活动对象的基于量子框架的状态机模型,然后以前后台和操作系统两种系统软件设计模式分别研究了设计开放式汽车电控系统软件的设计方法,并通过实例验证了OSAQ体系架构的开放性及其有效性。
在中国重汽HOWO型重型卡车AMT系统试验平台上对AMT系统的换挡逻辑、换挡过程、换挡时间等方面进行了试验研究,验证了系统的整体功能和性能。
With the rapid development of embedded technology, automotive electronic production brought a new economic growth point for automobile manufacturers, and the proportion of automotive electronic products is higher than before. The automobile manufactures were so many that the CPUs of automotive electronic control units (ECU) and run-time environment were dramatically different. Therefore a major problem in the development of automotive ECU is how to reuse the existing embedded software code. At the same time, the resources of embedded system were limited and the applications require higher performance. In addition, the control logic of automotive ECU fixes the procedure and event to complete specific function. For increase competitive strength of product the automobile manufactures update their automotive electronic products. So the automotive electronic control systems are complexity more and more. When add new components, control algorithm or replace existing sub-system the control logic should change certainly. Because of different development process of different products there were many repetitive works. The expansibility and portability of control systems were very bad. To solve these problems the automotive electronic control systems change from closed-end structure to open architecture now. The research works on this field in the international community are still at an elementary stage.
This paper regards Automated Mechanical Transmission (AMT) system of the new generation truck called HOWO which produced by China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Corp., Ltd. as the research object, the open architecture of automotive electronic control system was studied. The purpose of this study was to provide a fast, efficient design method for open automotive electronic control system research. The main research works are as follows:
This article discusses the existing structure of the open architecture controller and makes analysis from basic structure, module function, operation mechanism, implementation technique focus on the two typical open architectures, OSEK/VDX and AUTOSAR, which used in automotive electronic control system. Then the relationship between Finite State Machine (FSM) and Quantum Framework (QF) was analyzed. The inner operation mechanism of QF such as active object, state schedule, communication method was discussed and on this basis a new type of open automotive electronic control system architecture, OSAQ (Open System Architecture based on Quantum framework), was put forward. This architecture does not depend on the structure of automotive ECU hardware and the type of operating system. It realized the software and hardware-level openness in the automotive electronic control system truly. After that the different in OSEK/VDX, AUTOSAR and OSAQ was compared. This architecture indicates a kind of thought to construct open controller platform.
The software bus based on QF is the information interactive media in QSAQ architecture. All message transmissions among active objects are realized through QF. So the system software-level of every active object should be configured to have standard external communication interface. This is the basis of realization of reusable function module code. The QF is the key to realize software and hardware-level openness of OSAQ architecture truly. According to the actual use of embedded operating system the software bus interface in operation environment level should be configured. Because of the different ECU hardware the operating system should port and edit according to different hardware abstraction file. The code transplant of operating system and the interface configures of system software level and operation environment level of QF software bus, these techniques are the key to realize design features. This paper analyzed from several aspects such as the selection of hardware and software platform and real time operating system transplant. Then discussed the configure method in software level and operation environment level. It could enhance the reusability and openness of automotive electronic control system software module substantially through configuration of software bus. When the underlying hardware or system function changes it could achieve reconstruction of behavior and function expansion through the configuration operation environment level and system software level of QF software bus respectively.
Automatic code generation technique could help programmer to complete repetitive code generation of underlying system and reduce the repeat work of coding in software development. It makes programmer take more time to research system architecture and software engineering so as to enhance the robustness, scalability and maintainability of system software. In this paper, the demand analysis of the QF automatic code generated platform was made and the embedded code generation method based on QF was researched. A kind of XMI+XSLT technique that takes XML language as media was studied. Through design of XSLT template based on QF the XML file could be converted to code framework of QF active objects directly. Then the QF automatic code generation platform, QFCodeGenerator, was designed. It could generate embedded code in line with QF automatically through a series of related configuration.
On the basis of above open automotive electronic control system architecture studies the reconstruction of mechanical system and development of control system of HOWO truck were completed and an open AMT prototype system of heavy truck based on QF was built. In this paper, the hardware structure and the key actuators of the AMT system were studied and the work process was analyzed. Then established the state machine model based on QF of function module. And discussed two design patterns in open automotive ECU system software development, that are foreground and background system and operating system. Next the openness of OSAQ architecture and effectiveness of related technology were verified through two examples.
Finally, the AMT system was tested on HOWO heavy truck test platform. The test projects include shift logic, shift process and shift time, et al. Through these tests the overall functionality and performance of AMT system has been verified.
本文以中国重型汽车集团新一代HOWO重型卡车的机械式自动变速器系统为研究对象,开展了开放式汽车电控系统研究,旨在为国内开放式汽车电控系统的研究提供一种快速高效的设计方法,主要的研究工作如下:
本文探讨了现有的开放式体系结构,重点对OSEK/VDX和AUTOSAR两种典型的应用于汽车电控系统的开放式体系结构从基本结构、模块功能、运行机制、实现技术等方面进行了分析,然后分析了有限状态机与量子框架的关系,讨论了量子框架的活动对象、状态调度、通信方法等内部运行机制,并在此基础上提出了一种新型的开放式汽车电控系统体系架构——OSAQ(Open System ArchitectureBased on Quantum framework),该架构不依赖于汽车ECU的硬件和操作系统的类型,真正地实现了汽车电控系统在软件和硬件层次上的开放,并比较了OSEK/VDX、AUTOSAR和OSAQ之间的差别,给出了构建开放式汽车电控系统的一种思路。
基于量子框架的软件总线是OSAQ体系结构中的信息交互媒介,所有活动对象间的消息传递都是通过量子框架来实现的,因此必须配置系统软件层中的每个活动对象使其具有标准的外部通信接口,这是实现功能模块代码重用的基础。另外,根据实际应用的嵌入式操作系统的不同,需要对运行环境层的软件总线接口进行配置。针对不同的ECU硬件又需要进行操作系统的代码移植,即要编写不同的硬件抽象层文件。操作系统的代码移植、系统软件层的接口配置和运行环境层接口配置是量子框架软件总线实现既定功能的关键技术。本文对量子框架在典型的硬件平台上实现从硬件平台选择和软件平台选择、实时操作系统移植等方面进行了分析,然后在此基础上分别分析了软件总线在运行环境层和系统软件层的配置方法,通过对软件总线的配置可以大大增强汽车电控系统软件模块的可重用性和系统开放性。当底层硬件或系统功能发生变化时,可以通过分别配置量子框架软件总线的运行环境层和系统软件层接口来实现系统的行为重构和功能扩展。
代码自动生成技术就是帮助程序员完成系统底层的、重复性代码的自动生成,减少软件开发中枯燥且重复的编码工作,使得程序员将更多的时间花在系统架构研究、软件工程等方面,从而提高软件系统健壮性、可扩展性、以及可维护性。本文对QF代码自动生成平台的开发进行了需求分析,研究了基于量子框架的嵌入式代码生成方法,通过设计基于量子框架的XSLT模板,将得到的XML文件直接转换为QF活动对象的代码框架,开发了QF代码自动生成平台QFCodeGenerator。在QF代码自动生成平台中通过相关配置,就能够自动生成符合QF标准的嵌入式代码。
在对开放式汽车电控系统体系架构OSAQ进行深入研究研究的基础上,完成了HOWO重型卡车的机械系统改造及控制系统开发,建立了基于量子框架开放式重型卡车AMT原型系统。研究了重型卡车AMT系统的硬件结构以及关键执行机构,分析了AMT系统的工作过程并建立了AMT系统各个功能模块活动对象的基于量子框架的状态机模型,然后以前后台和操作系统两种系统软件设计模式分别研究了设计开放式汽车电控系统软件的设计方法,并通过实例验证了OSAQ体系架构的开放性及其有效性。
在中国重汽HOWO型重型卡车AMT系统试验平台上对AMT系统的换挡逻辑、换挡过程、换挡时间等方面进行了试验研究,验证了系统的整体功能和性能。
With the rapid development of embedded technology, automotive electronic production brought a new economic growth point for automobile manufacturers, and the proportion of automotive electronic products is higher than before. The automobile manufactures were so many that the CPUs of automotive electronic control units (ECU) and run-time environment were dramatically different. Therefore a major problem in the development of automotive ECU is how to reuse the existing embedded software code. At the same time, the resources of embedded system were limited and the applications require higher performance. In addition, the control logic of automotive ECU fixes the procedure and event to complete specific function. For increase competitive strength of product the automobile manufactures update their automotive electronic products. So the automotive electronic control systems are complexity more and more. When add new components, control algorithm or replace existing sub-system the control logic should change certainly. Because of different development process of different products there were many repetitive works. The expansibility and portability of control systems were very bad. To solve these problems the automotive electronic control systems change from closed-end structure to open architecture now. The research works on this field in the international community are still at an elementary stage.
This paper regards Automated Mechanical Transmission (AMT) system of the new generation truck called HOWO which produced by China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Corp., Ltd. as the research object, the open architecture of automotive electronic control system was studied. The purpose of this study was to provide a fast, efficient design method for open automotive electronic control system research. The main research works are as follows:
This article discusses the existing structure of the open architecture controller and makes analysis from basic structure, module function, operation mechanism, implementation technique focus on the two typical open architectures, OSEK/VDX and AUTOSAR, which used in automotive electronic control system. Then the relationship between Finite State Machine (FSM) and Quantum Framework (QF) was analyzed. The inner operation mechanism of QF such as active object, state schedule, communication method was discussed and on this basis a new type of open automotive electronic control system architecture, OSAQ (Open System Architecture based on Quantum framework), was put forward. This architecture does not depend on the structure of automotive ECU hardware and the type of operating system. It realized the software and hardware-level openness in the automotive electronic control system truly. After that the different in OSEK/VDX, AUTOSAR and OSAQ was compared. This architecture indicates a kind of thought to construct open controller platform.
The software bus based on QF is the information interactive media in QSAQ architecture. All message transmissions among active objects are realized through QF. So the system software-level of every active object should be configured to have standard external communication interface. This is the basis of realization of reusable function module code. The QF is the key to realize software and hardware-level openness of OSAQ architecture truly. According to the actual use of embedded operating system the software bus interface in operation environment level should be configured. Because of the different ECU hardware the operating system should port and edit according to different hardware abstraction file. The code transplant of operating system and the interface configures of system software level and operation environment level of QF software bus, these techniques are the key to realize design features. This paper analyzed from several aspects such as the selection of hardware and software platform and real time operating system transplant. Then discussed the configure method in software level and operation environment level. It could enhance the reusability and openness of automotive electronic control system software module substantially through configuration of software bus. When the underlying hardware or system function changes it could achieve reconstruction of behavior and function expansion through the configuration operation environment level and system software level of QF software bus respectively.
Automatic code generation technique could help programmer to complete repetitive code generation of underlying system and reduce the repeat work of coding in software development. It makes programmer take more time to research system architecture and software engineering so as to enhance the robustness, scalability and maintainability of system software. In this paper, the demand analysis of the QF automatic code generated platform was made and the embedded code generation method based on QF was researched. A kind of XMI+XSLT technique that takes XML language as media was studied. Through design of XSLT template based on QF the XML file could be converted to code framework of QF active objects directly. Then the QF automatic code generation platform, QFCodeGenerator, was designed. It could generate embedded code in line with QF automatically through a series of related configuration.
On the basis of above open automotive electronic control system architecture studies the reconstruction of mechanical system and development of control system of HOWO truck were completed and an open AMT prototype system of heavy truck based on QF was built. In this paper, the hardware structure and the key actuators of the AMT system were studied and the work process was analyzed. Then established the state machine model based on QF of function module. And discussed two design patterns in open automotive ECU system software development, that are foreground and background system and operating system. Next the openness of OSAQ architecture and effectiveness of related technology were verified through two examples.
Finally, the AMT system was tested on HOWO heavy truck test platform. The test projects include shift logic, shift process and shift time, et al. Through these tests the overall functionality and performance of AMT system has been verified.
引文
1杨国青.基于模型驱动的汽车电子软件开发方法研究.浙江大学,博士论文,2006
2Bohn Christian,Stober Pascal,Magnor Olaf.An optimization-based approach for the calibration of lookup tables in electronic engine control.Munich,Germany:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:2315-2320
3Dominguez Miguel A.,Marino Perfecto,Poza Francisco,et al.Design of a networked control system to integrate vehicular electronic devices.Caixanova -Vigo,Spain:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:2870-2875
4Li Hong- Qiang,Miao Chang- Yun,Wang Hua- Ping.System-on-a-chip design of electronic control unit for car body control.Beijing,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:4456362
5Li Baochun,Jeon Won,Kalter William,et al.Adaptive Middleware Architecture for a distributed omni-directional visual tracking system.San Jose,CA,USA:Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,Bellingham,WA,USA,2000:101-112
6Marques Ricardo Santos,Navet Nicolas,Simonot-lion Francoise.Configuration of in-vehicle embedded systems under real-time constraints.Catania,Italy:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:407-414
7Maeng Ji Chan,Na Dongjin,Lee Yongsoon,et al.Model-driven development of RTOS-based embedded software.Istanbul,Turkey:Springer Verlag,Heidelberg,D-69121,Germany,2006:687-696
8RohloffKurt,Gabay Yarom,Ye Jianming,et al.Scalable,distributed,dynamic resource management for the ARMS distributed real-time embedded system.Long Beach,CA,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:4228076
9龚进峰,逢红.几种新兴汽车电子技术.世界汽车.2004(02):30-31
10程飞,过学迅.汽车线控技术的应用及发展趋势.上海汽车.2007(03):37-40
11彭晓燕,章兢.汽车线传电控制动系统及其关键技术分析.汽车工程.2007,29(10):880-883
12任桂周,侯树展,曲金玉.汽车电子新兴技术--线控技术.汽车电器.2007(01):4-8
13刘清河,孙泽昌.汽车线控制动系统研究.机械与电子.2006(11):24-26
14宗长富,刘凯.汽车线控驱动技术的发展.汽车技术.2006(03):1-4
15于蕾艳,林逸,施国标.线控转向系统的主动转向控制策略.农业机械学报.2008,39(01):4-6
16 王准,童亮.基于CAN总线的电子节气门控制系统设计.自动化仪表.2007(S1):198-200
17袁晓红,钟伟,何耀华.线控技术在汽车ABS中的应用.拖拉机与农用运输车.2007,34(03):61-62
18徐进永,王同建.线控转向技术在工程机械领域的应用.工程机械.2006,37(10):38-41
19朱庆林,王庆年,曾小华,等.基于V模式的混合动力汽车多能源动力总成控制器开发平台.吉林大学学报(工学版).2007,37(06):1242-1246
20黄磊.嵌入式系统的平台化开发.国外电子测量技术.2006,25(07):1-4
21解龙,陈家琪.ABS四轮车辆的Matlab/Simulink建模与仿真.上海理工大学学报.2004,26(02):164-167
22孙骏,朱忠奎,尹安东,等.汽车制动防抱系统的混合建模与仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2004,16(09):2059-2062
23秦贵和,张晋东,范玮,等.基于dSPACE的混合动力轿车AMT电机控制系统.计算机工程与应用.2006(28):198-200
24赵研,方宗德,寇发荣.非线性汽车悬架系统建模与仿真研究.机械科学与技术.2006,25(04):484-486
25郭永斌,蒋元广,杨正林,等.四轮驱动混合动力汽车前向式建模与仿真.轻型汽车技术.2007(05):19-22
26肖平,王继先,冯能莲.奥运场馆用混合动力电动汽车建模与仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2007,19(15):3568-3571
27张祥,杨志刚,张彦生.汽车AMT系统的Matlab/Simulink建模与仿真.系统仿真学报.2007,19(14):3339-3342
28李静,李幼德,赵健,等.汽车电子控制系统快速开发.汽车工程.2005,27(04):471-475
29李静,李幼德,赵健,等.基于MATLAB的牵引力控制原型半实物仿真.系统仿真学报.2005,17(02):492-494
30孙泽昌,魏学哲,钟再敏.燃料电池汽车动力系统功率平衡控制策略.机械工程学报.2005,41(12):3-6
31张勇,殷承良,张建武.汽车防抱自适应模糊控制方法.长安大学学报(自然科学版).2006,26(02):91-94
32赵健,李幼德,李静,等.车辆牵引力控制系统原型样机的开发研究.汽车技术.2006(09):1-4
33王斌,刘昭度,王仁广,等.汽车电子节气门模糊控制器快速控制原型设计.农业机械学报.2007,38(11):9-12
34卓桂荣,余卓平,陈惠,等.4WD电动汽车转速闭环控制.汽车技术.2004(12):18-21
35王宁强,刘向东.卫星姿态控制系统硬件在回路仿真研究.计算机仿真.2005,22(10):78-81
36常广晖,王永生,梁述海,等.基于实时视窗目标的硬件在回路仿真实现方法研究.测控技术.2007,26(02):90-93
37程安宇,徐洋,王旭芳,等.基于SOPC的汽车硬件在回路仿真器的设计.自动化与仪器仪表.2007(04):19-21
38任冀,樊晓光,田涛.嵌入式系统测试环境体系结构的研究.计算机工程.2007,33(18):259-261
39郑太雄.硬件在回路仿真平台的ABS测试方法.重庆大学学报(自然科学版).2007,30(11):59-62
40Silva Jr Elias,Wagner Flavio R.,Freitas Edison P.,et al.Hardware support in a middleware for distributed and real-time embedded applications.Minas Gerais,Brazil:Association for Computing Machinery,New York,NY 10036-5701,United States,2006:149-154
41贾智平,刘甜甜,张承慧,等.嵌入式通信中间件的马尔可夫路由决策与选择.电子学报.2007,35(07):1228-1230
42刘毅,黄志刚.嵌入式系统中内存管理中间件的研究与实现.计算机与数字工程.2006,34(10):176-178
43黄贤英,肖朝辉,陈嫒.嵌入式软件开发方法研究及应用.自动化技术与应用.2004,23(03):56-58
44于建锋,周文华,何文华,等用实现OSEK/VDX的RTOS进行汽车电控单元开发.汽车工程.2004,26(02):210-212
45李洪斌,张承瑞.基于量子框架的开放式汽车电控系统体系结构.吉林大学学报(工学版).2006,36(02):166-171
46Burns Lawrence D.Designing a new automotive DNA.San Diego,CA,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:6-8
47康存锋,杨建武,费仁元,等.开放式PC型运动控制器的研究.中国机械工程.2004,15(09):800-802
48李明,杨泽红,赵雁南,等.基于RTLinux的开放式控制器硬件驱动器设计.计算机工程.2004,30(01):160-162
49Heuer Kerstin,Pokar Gero,Hesselbach Jurgen.Open architecture robot control based on Matlab/Simulink and a dSPACE real time system.Providence,RI.,United States:International Society for Optical Engineering,Bellingham,WA 98227-0010,United States,2004:1-9
50Chen Zong- Yu,Guo Wei,Wang Li- Feng,et al.Research on open CNC system based on Windows NT and RTX.Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,CIMS.2006,12(4):568-572
51Wang Wei,Zhao Yannan,Xu Hua,et al.A distributed open control system based on service oriented architecture.Gaojishu Tongxin/Chinese High Technology Letters.2007,17(1):1-5
52Ganguly Suman,Jovancevic Aleksandar,Saxena Deepak A.,et al.Open architecture real time development system for GPS and galileo.Long Beach,CA,United States:Institute of Navigation,Fairfax,VA 22030,United States,2004:2655-2666
53Rajsuman Rochit,Noriyuki Masuda.Open architecture test system:System architecture and design.Charlotte,NC,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,New York,NY 10016-5997,United States,2004:403-412
54Alberti Marco,Gavanelli Marco,Lamma Evelina,et al.A logic based approach to interaction design in open multi-agent systems.Modena,Italy:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2004:387-392
55Prosi Rainer.An open system architecture to link conventional and digital print media production systems for digitail production printing.Amsterdam,Netherlands:Society for Imaging Science and Technology,Springfield,VA 22151,United States,2005:69-70
56Vladareanu Luige.Open architecture systems for the compliance robots control.WSEAS Transactions on Systems.2006,5(9):2243-2249
57Han Shuang,Zhao Ji,Liu Zhixin.Research on open architectural CNC system of serial-parallel hybrid polishing machine.Zhongguo Jixie Gongcheng/China Mechanical Engineering.2007,18(16):1913-1916
58Swearingen Kevin,Majkowski Wayne,Bruggeman Brian,et al.An open system architecture for condition based maintenance overview.Big Sky,MT,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:4161678
59Fok Chien- Liang,Roman Gruia- Catalin,Lu Chenyang.Rapid development and flexible deployment of adaptive wireless sensor network applications.Columbus,OH,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:653-662
60Hong Seongsoo,Kim Tae- Hyung.Resource conscious development of middleware for control environments:A case of CORBA-based middleware for the CAN bus systems.Information and Software Technology.2005,47(6):411-425
61Wang Lingfeng.Middleware for implementing distributed embedded real-time measurement and control systems.Orlando,FL,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:360-366
62Hu Peizhao,Indulska Jadwiga,Robinson Ricky.Reconfigurable middleware for sensor based applications.Melbourne,Australia:Association for Computing Machinery,New York,NY 10036-5701,United States,2006:1169105
63Robson C.C.,Bousselham A.,Bohm C.Replaceable middleware communication modules for distributed data acquisition systems.San Diego,CA,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:1002-1004
64John D.OSEK/VDX History and Structure.OSEK/VDX Open Systems in Automotive Networks,IEE Seminar,1998:2,1-214
65Zahir A.,Palmieri P.OSEK/VDX-Operating Systems for Automotive Applications.OSEK/VDX Open Systems in Automotive Networks,lEE Seminar,1998:4,1-418
66罗克露.OSEK/VDX汽车电子嵌入式软件编程技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
67张宝民,孙晓民.基于OSEK规范的嵌入式实时操作系统研究.计算机应用研究.2004(04):32-34
68Autosar.Web Content V20.5.http://www.autosar.org
69王保进,李明树,王志刚.Alpha OSEK:一个基于OSEK/VDX标准实现的嵌入式实时操作系统.计算机工程与应用.2003(36):118-120
70袁铭蔚,孙泽昌,陈觉晓.一种嵌入式实时操作系统--OSEKfVDX OS.测控技术.2003,22(12):45-47
71龚黎明,辜承林.基于OSEK/VDX标准的嵌入式实时操作系统PICOS18.电子技术.2004(05):10-12
72资小龙,李莹.OSEK车用嵌入式RTOS的设计.工业控制计算机.2005,18(03):53-54
73章亮飞,李银国.嵌入式实时操作系统AutoOSEK的设计.计算机工程.2007,33(16):53-55
74OSACA(Open System Architecture for Controls within Automation Systems,ESPRIT Ⅲ project)Final Report.1996
75Consortium Ose.OSEC-Ⅱ Project Technical Report-Development of OSEC.1998
76Group Omac Api Work.OMAC API SET working Document(Version 0.20).1999
77Coulson Geoff,Blair Gordon,Grace Paul,et al.A component model for building systems software.Cambridge,MA,United States:Acta Press,Anaheim,CA,United States,2004:684-689
78Finocchiaro Rainer,Lankes Stefan,Jabs Andreas.Design of a real-time CORBA event service customised for the CAN bus.Santa Fe,NM,United States:IEEE Computer Society,Los Alamitos;Massey University,Palmerston,CA 90720-1314,United States;New Zealand,2004:1701-1708
79Huo Ming,Majumdar Shikharesh.Performance of parallel architectures for CORBA-based systems.Redwood Shores,CA,United States:Association for Computing Machinery,New York,United States,2004:249-253
80Nett Edgar,Schemmer Stefan.An architecture to support cooperating mobile embedded systems.Ischia,Italy:Association for Computing Machinery,New York,United States,2004:40-50
81Navet Nicolas,Song Yeqiong,Simonot-lion Francoise,et al.Trends in automotive communication systems.Proceedings of the IEEE.2005,93(6):1204-1222
82Patel Hiren D.,Mathaikutty Deepak A.,Berner David,et al.CARH:Service-oriented architecture for validating system-level designs.IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.2006,25(8):1458-1474
83Osek Group.OSEK/VDX Operating System Specification 2.2.3.2005
84李秀梅,杨国青.OSEK/VDX标准与车控电子产品开发.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2005(04):27-30
85Autosar.Tecnical Overview Version2.0.1.2006
86Autosar.Layered Software Architecture Version2.0.0.2006
87Autosar.Methodology Version1.0.1.2006
88孙维堂,刘永贤,张禹,等.有限状态机在开放式数控系统中的应用.东北大学学报(自然科学版).2007,28(08):1174-1176
89Bocchio Sara,Riccobene Elvinia,Rosti Alberto,et al.Process state machines for behavioral modeling of embedded systems.Lisbon,Portugal:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:274-281
90李为建,王文,秦兴.有限状态机在数控系统软件中的应用研究.组合机床与自动化加工技术.2003(04):50-53
91Whittle Jon,Jayaraman Praveen K.Generating hierarchical state machines from use case charts.Minneapolis/St.Paul,MN,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2006:16-25
92何伟,金远平,金鑫.层次状态机可复用软件框架的设计与应用.计算机应用与软件.2007,24(10):34-36
93蒋慧,谢希仁,林东.UML状态机的形式语义.软件学报.2002,13(12):2244-2249
94Samek Miro.Quantum Platform Programmer's Manual,quantum Leaps,LLC.2007
95李洪斌,张承瑞.基于量子框架的开放式汽车电控系统体系结构.吉林大学学报(工学版).2006,36(02):166-171
96Vikram K.N.,Vasudevan V.Hardware-software co-simulation of bus-based reconfigurable systems.Microprocessors and Microsystems.2005,29(4):133-144
97Zhou Chuan- Sheng,Liu Jie.Research and design of software bus based generic software agent architecture.Kaohsiung,Taiwan:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:174-178
98刘然,陈英,赵小林.基于UML的CASE平台的代码自动生成.北京理工大学学报.2002,22(02):196-199
99Ali Noraida Haji,Shukur Zarina,Idris Sufian.A design of an assessment system for UML class diagram.Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:539-544
100 Segundo C.Laura,Herrera C.Rodolfo,Herrera K.Yeni.UML sequence diagram generator system from use case description using natural language.Cuernavaca,Morelos,Mexico:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:360-363
101 孟开元,王志琴,罗建中.统一建模语言UML及其CASE技术初探.中国科技信息.2007(21):121-123
102 王震江,申时凯.XML应用的相关技术研究.昆明师范高等专科学校学报.2004(04):24-28
103 Yu Augustin,Steele Robert.An overview of research on reverse engineering XML schemas into UML diagrams.Sydney,Australia:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:772-777
104 Dominguez Eladio,Lloret Jorge,Rubio Angel L.,et al.Validation of XML documents:From UML models to XML Schemas and XSLT stylesheets.Izmir,Turkey:Springer Verlag,Heidelberg,D-69121,Germany,2006:48-59
105 Menet Ludovic,Lamolle Myriam,Zerdazi Amar.Managing master data with XML schema and UML.Constantine,Algeria:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:53-59
106 李海峰,金昊,吴介一.采用XMI标准实现UML模型到XML的转换.制造业自动化.2003,25(04):12-14
107 陈翔,王学斌,吴泉源.代码生成技术在MDA中的实现.计算机应用研究.2006(01):147-149
108 Kurt Atakan,Tozal Engin.A web classification framework based on XSLT.Harbin,China:Springer Verlag,Heidelberg,D-69121,Germany,2006:86-96
109 Wang Xinwei,Cao Chunjing.Mining association rules from complex and irregular XML documents using XSLT and XQuery.Liaoning,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:314-319
110 王丛刚,瞿裕忠.一个XSLT处理器的设计.计算机工程.2002,28(03):47-49
111 Nist.Reference Documentationhttp://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/ projects/omacapi/fsmlibrary,
112 徐爱春,章坚民.基于XML/XSLT代码自动生成技术研究.杭州电子工业学院 学报.2004,24(04):64-67
113 王二暖,马宏琳.XML中使用XSL模板规则.电脑开发与应用.2007(06):80-81
114 Hao Lin,Ma Changlin,Li Feng.Study of adaptive PID controller based on single neuron and genetic optimization.Xian,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:1240-1243
115 Wang Guanghui,Chen Jie,Pan Feng.Design of single neuron PID multi-variable controller based on evolving PSO.Chongqing,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:8656-8660
116 Xia Changliang,Xue Mei,Chen Ziran.Adaptive PID control and on-line identification for switched reluctance motors based on BP neural network.Niagara Falls,ON,Canada:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:1918-1923
117 Debiao Wang,Taifu Li,Bingxiang Zhong.Remodeling of fuzzy PID controller based on BP neural network.Chongqing,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:553-558
118 Wang Jiangjiang,Zhang Chunfa,Jing Youyin.Adaptive PID control with BP neural network self-tuning in exhaust temperature of micro gas turbine.Singapore,Singapore:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:532-537
119 王海宝,吴光杰,谭泽富.LabVIEW虚拟仪器程序设计与应用.成都:西南交通大学出版社,2005
120 邓焱,王磊.LabVIEW7.1测试技术与仪器应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
121 在LabVIEW下使用ZLGCAN接口函数库.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,
2Bohn Christian,Stober Pascal,Magnor Olaf.An optimization-based approach for the calibration of lookup tables in electronic engine control.Munich,Germany:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:2315-2320
3Dominguez Miguel A.,Marino Perfecto,Poza Francisco,et al.Design of a networked control system to integrate vehicular electronic devices.Caixanova -Vigo,Spain:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:2870-2875
4Li Hong- Qiang,Miao Chang- Yun,Wang Hua- Ping.System-on-a-chip design of electronic control unit for car body control.Beijing,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:4456362
5Li Baochun,Jeon Won,Kalter William,et al.Adaptive Middleware Architecture for a distributed omni-directional visual tracking system.San Jose,CA,USA:Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,Bellingham,WA,USA,2000:101-112
6Marques Ricardo Santos,Navet Nicolas,Simonot-lion Francoise.Configuration of in-vehicle embedded systems under real-time constraints.Catania,Italy:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:407-414
7Maeng Ji Chan,Na Dongjin,Lee Yongsoon,et al.Model-driven development of RTOS-based embedded software.Istanbul,Turkey:Springer Verlag,Heidelberg,D-69121,Germany,2006:687-696
8RohloffKurt,Gabay Yarom,Ye Jianming,et al.Scalable,distributed,dynamic resource management for the ARMS distributed real-time embedded system.Long Beach,CA,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:4228076
9龚进峰,逢红.几种新兴汽车电子技术.世界汽车.2004(02):30-31
10程飞,过学迅.汽车线控技术的应用及发展趋势.上海汽车.2007(03):37-40
11彭晓燕,章兢.汽车线传电控制动系统及其关键技术分析.汽车工程.2007,29(10):880-883
12任桂周,侯树展,曲金玉.汽车电子新兴技术--线控技术.汽车电器.2007(01):4-8
13刘清河,孙泽昌.汽车线控制动系统研究.机械与电子.2006(11):24-26
14宗长富,刘凯.汽车线控驱动技术的发展.汽车技术.2006(03):1-4
15于蕾艳,林逸,施国标.线控转向系统的主动转向控制策略.农业机械学报.2008,39(01):4-6
16 王准,童亮.基于CAN总线的电子节气门控制系统设计.自动化仪表.2007(S1):198-200
17袁晓红,钟伟,何耀华.线控技术在汽车ABS中的应用.拖拉机与农用运输车.2007,34(03):61-62
18徐进永,王同建.线控转向技术在工程机械领域的应用.工程机械.2006,37(10):38-41
19朱庆林,王庆年,曾小华,等.基于V模式的混合动力汽车多能源动力总成控制器开发平台.吉林大学学报(工学版).2007,37(06):1242-1246
20黄磊.嵌入式系统的平台化开发.国外电子测量技术.2006,25(07):1-4
21解龙,陈家琪.ABS四轮车辆的Matlab/Simulink建模与仿真.上海理工大学学报.2004,26(02):164-167
22孙骏,朱忠奎,尹安东,等.汽车制动防抱系统的混合建模与仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2004,16(09):2059-2062
23秦贵和,张晋东,范玮,等.基于dSPACE的混合动力轿车AMT电机控制系统.计算机工程与应用.2006(28):198-200
24赵研,方宗德,寇发荣.非线性汽车悬架系统建模与仿真研究.机械科学与技术.2006,25(04):484-486
25郭永斌,蒋元广,杨正林,等.四轮驱动混合动力汽车前向式建模与仿真.轻型汽车技术.2007(05):19-22
26肖平,王继先,冯能莲.奥运场馆用混合动力电动汽车建模与仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2007,19(15):3568-3571
27张祥,杨志刚,张彦生.汽车AMT系统的Matlab/Simulink建模与仿真.系统仿真学报.2007,19(14):3339-3342
28李静,李幼德,赵健,等.汽车电子控制系统快速开发.汽车工程.2005,27(04):471-475
29李静,李幼德,赵健,等.基于MATLAB的牵引力控制原型半实物仿真.系统仿真学报.2005,17(02):492-494
30孙泽昌,魏学哲,钟再敏.燃料电池汽车动力系统功率平衡控制策略.机械工程学报.2005,41(12):3-6
31张勇,殷承良,张建武.汽车防抱自适应模糊控制方法.长安大学学报(自然科学版).2006,26(02):91-94
32赵健,李幼德,李静,等.车辆牵引力控制系统原型样机的开发研究.汽车技术.2006(09):1-4
33王斌,刘昭度,王仁广,等.汽车电子节气门模糊控制器快速控制原型设计.农业机械学报.2007,38(11):9-12
34卓桂荣,余卓平,陈惠,等.4WD电动汽车转速闭环控制.汽车技术.2004(12):18-21
35王宁强,刘向东.卫星姿态控制系统硬件在回路仿真研究.计算机仿真.2005,22(10):78-81
36常广晖,王永生,梁述海,等.基于实时视窗目标的硬件在回路仿真实现方法研究.测控技术.2007,26(02):90-93
37程安宇,徐洋,王旭芳,等.基于SOPC的汽车硬件在回路仿真器的设计.自动化与仪器仪表.2007(04):19-21
38任冀,樊晓光,田涛.嵌入式系统测试环境体系结构的研究.计算机工程.2007,33(18):259-261
39郑太雄.硬件在回路仿真平台的ABS测试方法.重庆大学学报(自然科学版).2007,30(11):59-62
40Silva Jr Elias,Wagner Flavio R.,Freitas Edison P.,et al.Hardware support in a middleware for distributed and real-time embedded applications.Minas Gerais,Brazil:Association for Computing Machinery,New York,NY 10036-5701,United States,2006:149-154
41贾智平,刘甜甜,张承慧,等.嵌入式通信中间件的马尔可夫路由决策与选择.电子学报.2007,35(07):1228-1230
42刘毅,黄志刚.嵌入式系统中内存管理中间件的研究与实现.计算机与数字工程.2006,34(10):176-178
43黄贤英,肖朝辉,陈嫒.嵌入式软件开发方法研究及应用.自动化技术与应用.2004,23(03):56-58
44于建锋,周文华,何文华,等用实现OSEK/VDX的RTOS进行汽车电控单元开发.汽车工程.2004,26(02):210-212
45李洪斌,张承瑞.基于量子框架的开放式汽车电控系统体系结构.吉林大学学报(工学版).2006,36(02):166-171
46Burns Lawrence D.Designing a new automotive DNA.San Diego,CA,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:6-8
47康存锋,杨建武,费仁元,等.开放式PC型运动控制器的研究.中国机械工程.2004,15(09):800-802
48李明,杨泽红,赵雁南,等.基于RTLinux的开放式控制器硬件驱动器设计.计算机工程.2004,30(01):160-162
49Heuer Kerstin,Pokar Gero,Hesselbach Jurgen.Open architecture robot control based on Matlab/Simulink and a dSPACE real time system.Providence,RI.,United States:International Society for Optical Engineering,Bellingham,WA 98227-0010,United States,2004:1-9
50Chen Zong- Yu,Guo Wei,Wang Li- Feng,et al.Research on open CNC system based on Windows NT and RTX.Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,CIMS.2006,12(4):568-572
51Wang Wei,Zhao Yannan,Xu Hua,et al.A distributed open control system based on service oriented architecture.Gaojishu Tongxin/Chinese High Technology Letters.2007,17(1):1-5
52Ganguly Suman,Jovancevic Aleksandar,Saxena Deepak A.,et al.Open architecture real time development system for GPS and galileo.Long Beach,CA,United States:Institute of Navigation,Fairfax,VA 22030,United States,2004:2655-2666
53Rajsuman Rochit,Noriyuki Masuda.Open architecture test system:System architecture and design.Charlotte,NC,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,New York,NY 10016-5997,United States,2004:403-412
54Alberti Marco,Gavanelli Marco,Lamma Evelina,et al.A logic based approach to interaction design in open multi-agent systems.Modena,Italy:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2004:387-392
55Prosi Rainer.An open system architecture to link conventional and digital print media production systems for digitail production printing.Amsterdam,Netherlands:Society for Imaging Science and Technology,Springfield,VA 22151,United States,2005:69-70
56Vladareanu Luige.Open architecture systems for the compliance robots control.WSEAS Transactions on Systems.2006,5(9):2243-2249
57Han Shuang,Zhao Ji,Liu Zhixin.Research on open architectural CNC system of serial-parallel hybrid polishing machine.Zhongguo Jixie Gongcheng/China Mechanical Engineering.2007,18(16):1913-1916
58Swearingen Kevin,Majkowski Wayne,Bruggeman Brian,et al.An open system architecture for condition based maintenance overview.Big Sky,MT,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:4161678
59Fok Chien- Liang,Roman Gruia- Catalin,Lu Chenyang.Rapid development and flexible deployment of adaptive wireless sensor network applications.Columbus,OH,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:653-662
60Hong Seongsoo,Kim Tae- Hyung.Resource conscious development of middleware for control environments:A case of CORBA-based middleware for the CAN bus systems.Information and Software Technology.2005,47(6):411-425
61Wang Lingfeng.Middleware for implementing distributed embedded real-time measurement and control systems.Orlando,FL,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:360-366
62Hu Peizhao,Indulska Jadwiga,Robinson Ricky.Reconfigurable middleware for sensor based applications.Melbourne,Australia:Association for Computing Machinery,New York,NY 10036-5701,United States,2006:1169105
63Robson C.C.,Bousselham A.,Bohm C.Replaceable middleware communication modules for distributed data acquisition systems.San Diego,CA,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:1002-1004
64John D.OSEK/VDX History and Structure.OSEK/VDX Open Systems in Automotive Networks,IEE Seminar,1998:2,1-214
65Zahir A.,Palmieri P.OSEK/VDX-Operating Systems for Automotive Applications.OSEK/VDX Open Systems in Automotive Networks,lEE Seminar,1998:4,1-418
66罗克露.OSEK/VDX汽车电子嵌入式软件编程技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
67张宝民,孙晓民.基于OSEK规范的嵌入式实时操作系统研究.计算机应用研究.2004(04):32-34
68Autosar.Web Content V20.5.http://www.autosar.org
69王保进,李明树,王志刚.Alpha OSEK:一个基于OSEK/VDX标准实现的嵌入式实时操作系统.计算机工程与应用.2003(36):118-120
70袁铭蔚,孙泽昌,陈觉晓.一种嵌入式实时操作系统--OSEKfVDX OS.测控技术.2003,22(12):45-47
71龚黎明,辜承林.基于OSEK/VDX标准的嵌入式实时操作系统PICOS18.电子技术.2004(05):10-12
72资小龙,李莹.OSEK车用嵌入式RTOS的设计.工业控制计算机.2005,18(03):53-54
73章亮飞,李银国.嵌入式实时操作系统AutoOSEK的设计.计算机工程.2007,33(16):53-55
74OSACA(Open System Architecture for Controls within Automation Systems,ESPRIT Ⅲ project)Final Report.1996
75Consortium Ose.OSEC-Ⅱ Project Technical Report-Development of OSEC.1998
76Group Omac Api Work.OMAC API SET working Document(Version 0.20).1999
77Coulson Geoff,Blair Gordon,Grace Paul,et al.A component model for building systems software.Cambridge,MA,United States:Acta Press,Anaheim,CA,United States,2004:684-689
78Finocchiaro Rainer,Lankes Stefan,Jabs Andreas.Design of a real-time CORBA event service customised for the CAN bus.Santa Fe,NM,United States:IEEE Computer Society,Los Alamitos;Massey University,Palmerston,CA 90720-1314,United States;New Zealand,2004:1701-1708
79Huo Ming,Majumdar Shikharesh.Performance of parallel architectures for CORBA-based systems.Redwood Shores,CA,United States:Association for Computing Machinery,New York,United States,2004:249-253
80Nett Edgar,Schemmer Stefan.An architecture to support cooperating mobile embedded systems.Ischia,Italy:Association for Computing Machinery,New York,United States,2004:40-50
81Navet Nicolas,Song Yeqiong,Simonot-lion Francoise,et al.Trends in automotive communication systems.Proceedings of the IEEE.2005,93(6):1204-1222
82Patel Hiren D.,Mathaikutty Deepak A.,Berner David,et al.CARH:Service-oriented architecture for validating system-level designs.IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.2006,25(8):1458-1474
83Osek Group.OSEK/VDX Operating System Specification 2.2.3.2005
84李秀梅,杨国青.OSEK/VDX标准与车控电子产品开发.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2005(04):27-30
85Autosar.Tecnical Overview Version2.0.1.2006
86Autosar.Layered Software Architecture Version2.0.0.2006
87Autosar.Methodology Version1.0.1.2006
88孙维堂,刘永贤,张禹,等.有限状态机在开放式数控系统中的应用.东北大学学报(自然科学版).2007,28(08):1174-1176
89Bocchio Sara,Riccobene Elvinia,Rosti Alberto,et al.Process state machines for behavioral modeling of embedded systems.Lisbon,Portugal:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:274-281
90李为建,王文,秦兴.有限状态机在数控系统软件中的应用研究.组合机床与自动化加工技术.2003(04):50-53
91Whittle Jon,Jayaraman Praveen K.Generating hierarchical state machines from use case charts.Minneapolis/St.Paul,MN,United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2006:16-25
92何伟,金远平,金鑫.层次状态机可复用软件框架的设计与应用.计算机应用与软件.2007,24(10):34-36
93蒋慧,谢希仁,林东.UML状态机的形式语义.软件学报.2002,13(12):2244-2249
94Samek Miro.Quantum Platform Programmer's Manual,quantum Leaps,LLC.2007
95李洪斌,张承瑞.基于量子框架的开放式汽车电控系统体系结构.吉林大学学报(工学版).2006,36(02):166-171
96Vikram K.N.,Vasudevan V.Hardware-software co-simulation of bus-based reconfigurable systems.Microprocessors and Microsystems.2005,29(4):133-144
97Zhou Chuan- Sheng,Liu Jie.Research and design of software bus based generic software agent architecture.Kaohsiung,Taiwan:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:174-178
98刘然,陈英,赵小林.基于UML的CASE平台的代码自动生成.北京理工大学学报.2002,22(02):196-199
99Ali Noraida Haji,Shukur Zarina,Idris Sufian.A design of an assessment system for UML class diagram.Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:539-544
100 Segundo C.Laura,Herrera C.Rodolfo,Herrera K.Yeni.UML sequence diagram generator system from use case description using natural language.Cuernavaca,Morelos,Mexico:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:360-363
101 孟开元,王志琴,罗建中.统一建模语言UML及其CASE技术初探.中国科技信息.2007(21):121-123
102 王震江,申时凯.XML应用的相关技术研究.昆明师范高等专科学校学报.2004(04):24-28
103 Yu Augustin,Steele Robert.An overview of research on reverse engineering XML schemas into UML diagrams.Sydney,Australia:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:772-777
104 Dominguez Eladio,Lloret Jorge,Rubio Angel L.,et al.Validation of XML documents:From UML models to XML Schemas and XSLT stylesheets.Izmir,Turkey:Springer Verlag,Heidelberg,D-69121,Germany,2006:48-59
105 Menet Ludovic,Lamolle Myriam,Zerdazi Amar.Managing master data with XML schema and UML.Constantine,Algeria:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:53-59
106 李海峰,金昊,吴介一.采用XMI标准实现UML模型到XML的转换.制造业自动化.2003,25(04):12-14
107 陈翔,王学斌,吴泉源.代码生成技术在MDA中的实现.计算机应用研究.2006(01):147-149
108 Kurt Atakan,Tozal Engin.A web classification framework based on XSLT.Harbin,China:Springer Verlag,Heidelberg,D-69121,Germany,2006:86-96
109 Wang Xinwei,Cao Chunjing.Mining association rules from complex and irregular XML documents using XSLT and XQuery.Liaoning,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:314-319
110 王丛刚,瞿裕忠.一个XSLT处理器的设计.计算机工程.2002,28(03):47-49
111 Nist.Reference Documentationhttp://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/ projects/omacapi/fsmlibrary,
112 徐爱春,章坚民.基于XML/XSLT代码自动生成技术研究.杭州电子工业学院 学报.2004,24(04):64-67
113 王二暖,马宏琳.XML中使用XSL模板规则.电脑开发与应用.2007(06):80-81
114 Hao Lin,Ma Changlin,Li Feng.Study of adaptive PID controller based on single neuron and genetic optimization.Xian,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2007:1240-1243
115 Wang Guanghui,Chen Jie,Pan Feng.Design of single neuron PID multi-variable controller based on evolving PSO.Chongqing,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:8656-8660
116 Xia Changliang,Xue Mei,Chen Ziran.Adaptive PID control and on-line identification for switched reluctance motors based on BP neural network.Niagara Falls,ON,Canada:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2005:1918-1923
117 Debiao Wang,Taifu Li,Bingxiang Zhong.Remodeling of fuzzy PID controller based on BP neural network.Chongqing,China:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:553-558
118 Wang Jiangjiang,Zhang Chunfa,Jing Youyin.Adaptive PID control with BP neural network self-tuning in exhaust temperature of micro gas turbine.Singapore,Singapore:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331,United States,2008:532-537
119 王海宝,吴光杰,谭泽富.LabVIEW虚拟仪器程序设计与应用.成都:西南交通大学出版社,2005
120 邓焱,王磊.LabVIEW7.1测试技术与仪器应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
121 在LabVIEW下使用ZLGCAN接口函数库.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,