自由空间激光通信APT系统精跟踪控制技术研究
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摘要
由于激光通信具有通信速率高、通信容量大、防截获能力和抗干扰能力强、体积小、重量轻和低功耗等突出特点,使其在自由空间通信和军事通信领域具有广泛的应用前景。而窄的激光发射光束导致了光束对准中的许多技术上的挑战,因此最为重要的就是远距离、高精度光束的快速、精确的捕获、瞄准和跟踪(APT—Acquisition,Pointing,Tracking)技术,而APT技术的关键点之一就是精跟踪伺服系统的控制技术。
本文利用模拟设计离散化的方法,设计APT精跟踪环的数字控制补偿器,建立精跟踪仿真模型,对精跟踪关键技术进行实验研究,在实验室模拟试验平台上验证精跟踪控制能力,最终实现3μrad的精度要求,为最终空间站光通信系统的工程实现奠定技术基础。
Optical communication offers an attractive alternative in the fields of free-space communication and military affairs for its specialties of high-speed communication, large capacity, anti-jamming ability, small volume, low weight and low power expend. However, because of the narrow laser beam leading to challenges in laser beam pointing, APT (Acquisition, Pointing, and Tracking) technology certainty turns to the most important section and one of the key points in APT is controlling technology in fine tracking servo system.
This paper designs APT numeric control compensator of fine tracking which adopts analog designing discrete method and establishes simulation model of fine tracking. Then we develop the fine tracking system sample, and testify the fine tracking capability on the test-bed. The result shows that the controlling precision can reach to 3μrad, which grounds the engineering reality of space optical communication system.
本文利用模拟设计离散化的方法,设计APT精跟踪环的数字控制补偿器,建立精跟踪仿真模型,对精跟踪关键技术进行实验研究,在实验室模拟试验平台上验证精跟踪控制能力,最终实现3μrad的精度要求,为最终空间站光通信系统的工程实现奠定技术基础。
Optical communication offers an attractive alternative in the fields of free-space communication and military affairs for its specialties of high-speed communication, large capacity, anti-jamming ability, small volume, low weight and low power expend. However, because of the narrow laser beam leading to challenges in laser beam pointing, APT (Acquisition, Pointing, and Tracking) technology certainty turns to the most important section and one of the key points in APT is controlling technology in fine tracking servo system.
This paper designs APT numeric control compensator of fine tracking which adopts analog designing discrete method and establishes simulation model of fine tracking. Then we develop the fine tracking system sample, and testify the fine tracking capability on the test-bed. The result shows that the controlling precision can reach to 3μrad, which grounds the engineering reality of space optical communication system.
引文
1 K.J.Held and T.D.Barry.Precision optical pointing and tracking from spacecraft with vibrational noise.SPIE.1986,vol.616:160-173
2 J.R.Lesh.Deep-space optical communications:a program update.SPIE.1990,vol.1218:530-541
3 J.R.Lesh.Recent progress in deep-space optical communication.SPIE.1993,vol.1866:40-44
4 J.V.Sandusky,J.R.Lesh.Planning for a Long-Term Optical Demonstration from the International Space Station[C].SPIE.1998,Vol.3266:128-134
5 Roy.S Bondurant,Don M.Boroson.Overview of the lasercom program at Lincoln laboratory[P].Proc.SPIE.1995,Vol.2381:2-4
6 M.Jegnathan,A Portillo.Lessons learnt from the optical communications demonstrator[P].Proc.SPIE.1999,Vol.3615:23-31
7 I.I.Kim,B.Riley.Lessons learned for STRV-2 satellite to ground lasercom experiment[P].Proc.SPIE.2001,Vol.4272:1-16
8 T.Tolker-nielsen,G.Oppenhauser.In-orbit test result of an operational optical intersatellite link between ARTEMIS and SPOT4,SILEX[P].Proc.SPIE.2002,Vol.4635:1-15
9 K.araki.Y.arimoto.Performance evaluation of laser communication equipment onboard the ETS-Ⅵsatellite[P].Proc.SPIE.1996,Vol.2699:52-59
10 M.Reyes.Preliminary results of the in-orbit test of ATREMIS with the Optical Ground Sation[P].Proc.SPIE.2002,Vol.4635:38-50
11 皮德忠,尹道素.空间光通信ATP技术及其进展.电子科技大学学报.1998,27(5):462-466
12 谢木军,马佳光,傅承毓等.空间光通信中的精密跟踪瞄准技术.光电工程.2000,27(1):13-16
13 ShikataniM,YoshikadoS,ArimotoY,et al.Optical Intersatellite link experiment between the earth station and ETS-Ⅵ[J].SPIE.1990,vol.1218:2-12
14 Gotthard Oppenhauser.SILEX program status—a major milestone is reached[J].SPIE.1997,vol.2990:2-9.
15 BaillyM,PerezE.Pointing,acquisition,and tracking system of the European SILEX program major technological step for Intersatellite optical communication[J].SPIE.1991,vol.1417:142-157
16 李玉权,朱勇,王江平.光通信原理与技术.北京:科学出版社,2006:360-364
17 岳冰,杨文淑,傅承毓.空间光通信中的快速倾斜镜精跟踪实验系统.光电工程.2002,29(3):35-42
18 彭绪金,马佳光.光电精密跟踪中的复合轴控制系统的实验和研究.光电工程.1994,21(5):1-9
19 傅承毓,马佳光,叶步霞等.复合轴控制系统应用研究[J].光电工程.1998,25(4):1-12
20 王毅,高伟志,王贵文等.光电精密跟踪的双重复合轴伺服系统.光学精密工程.1996,4(4):58-61
21 张秉华,熊金涛,胡渝.光通信中光束瞄准的误差分析.电子科技大学学报.1998,27(5):478-481
22 Amon S,S R Rotman,N S Kopeika.Bandwidth Maximization for satellite Laser Communication.IEEE.1999,35(2):675-682
23 Tong Luo,Yu Hu.Vibration suppression techniques for optical inter-satellite communications.IEEE.2002,47(8):356-682
24 Gerry Ortiz G,Shinhak Lee,namid Hemmati.Technology Maturation for Multi-Gigabit/sec Optical Communications Transceiver for Earth Science.IEEE.2000,27(3):546-552
25 K.J.Held and J.D.Barry.Precision optical pointing and tracking from spacecraft with vibrtional noise[C].SPIE.1986,Vol.616:160-173
26 马佳光.捕获跟踪与瞄准系统的基本技术问题.光学工程.1989,3:1-41
27 佟首峰,刘云清,姜会林.自由空间激光通信系统APT粗跟踪链路功率分析.红外与激光工程.2006,35(3):321-325
28 刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:1-2
29 张秉华,张守辉.光电成像跟踪系统.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2003:80-89
30 刘胜,彭侠夫,叶瑰昀.现代伺服系统设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2005:147-163
31 Shinhak Lee,James W.Alexander,Muthu Jeganathan.Pointing and Tracking Subsystem Design for Optical Communications Link between the International Space Station and Ground.SPIE,2000,3932:150-157
32 Caroline Racho,Angel Portillo.Characterization and Design of Digital Pointing Subsytem for Optical Communication Demonstrator.SPIE,1999,3615:250-261
33 飞科科技产品研发中心.MATLAB7辅助控制系统设计与仿真.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:55-98
34 刘淑华.空间光通信链路光束捕获、对准、跟踪技术及数字化仿真:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2002
35 马晶,韩琦琦,于思源等.卫星平台振动对星间激光链路的影响和解决方案[J].激光技术,2005,29(3):228-231
36 Wittig M,Holtz L V,Tunbridge D E L,Vermeulen H C.In Orbit Measurements of Microaccelerations of ESA's Communication Satellite OLYmPUS[C]Free Space Laser Communication Technologies Ⅱ.Bellingham:SPIE,1990:205-214
37 Toyoda Masahiro.Acquisition and tracking control of satellite-borne laser communication systems and simulation of downlink fluctuations[J].Optical Engineering(S0091-3286),2006,45(3):1-9
38 王宁强,刘向东,陈振等.基于MATLAB的卫星姿态控制半物理实时仿真平台[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(7):1617-1620
39 樊晓丹,孙应飞,李衍达.一种基于RTW的实时控制系统快速开发方法[J].清华大学学报,2003,43(7):895-898
2 J.R.Lesh.Deep-space optical communications:a program update.SPIE.1990,vol.1218:530-541
3 J.R.Lesh.Recent progress in deep-space optical communication.SPIE.1993,vol.1866:40-44
4 J.V.Sandusky,J.R.Lesh.Planning for a Long-Term Optical Demonstration from the International Space Station[C].SPIE.1998,Vol.3266:128-134
5 Roy.S Bondurant,Don M.Boroson.Overview of the lasercom program at Lincoln laboratory[P].Proc.SPIE.1995,Vol.2381:2-4
6 M.Jegnathan,A Portillo.Lessons learnt from the optical communications demonstrator[P].Proc.SPIE.1999,Vol.3615:23-31
7 I.I.Kim,B.Riley.Lessons learned for STRV-2 satellite to ground lasercom experiment[P].Proc.SPIE.2001,Vol.4272:1-16
8 T.Tolker-nielsen,G.Oppenhauser.In-orbit test result of an operational optical intersatellite link between ARTEMIS and SPOT4,SILEX[P].Proc.SPIE.2002,Vol.4635:1-15
9 K.araki.Y.arimoto.Performance evaluation of laser communication equipment onboard the ETS-Ⅵsatellite[P].Proc.SPIE.1996,Vol.2699:52-59
10 M.Reyes.Preliminary results of the in-orbit test of ATREMIS with the Optical Ground Sation[P].Proc.SPIE.2002,Vol.4635:38-50
11 皮德忠,尹道素.空间光通信ATP技术及其进展.电子科技大学学报.1998,27(5):462-466
12 谢木军,马佳光,傅承毓等.空间光通信中的精密跟踪瞄准技术.光电工程.2000,27(1):13-16
13 ShikataniM,YoshikadoS,ArimotoY,et al.Optical Intersatellite link experiment between the earth station and ETS-Ⅵ[J].SPIE.1990,vol.1218:2-12
14 Gotthard Oppenhauser.SILEX program status—a major milestone is reached[J].SPIE.1997,vol.2990:2-9.
15 BaillyM,PerezE.Pointing,acquisition,and tracking system of the European SILEX program major technological step for Intersatellite optical communication[J].SPIE.1991,vol.1417:142-157
16 李玉权,朱勇,王江平.光通信原理与技术.北京:科学出版社,2006:360-364
17 岳冰,杨文淑,傅承毓.空间光通信中的快速倾斜镜精跟踪实验系统.光电工程.2002,29(3):35-42
18 彭绪金,马佳光.光电精密跟踪中的复合轴控制系统的实验和研究.光电工程.1994,21(5):1-9
19 傅承毓,马佳光,叶步霞等.复合轴控制系统应用研究[J].光电工程.1998,25(4):1-12
20 王毅,高伟志,王贵文等.光电精密跟踪的双重复合轴伺服系统.光学精密工程.1996,4(4):58-61
21 张秉华,熊金涛,胡渝.光通信中光束瞄准的误差分析.电子科技大学学报.1998,27(5):478-481
22 Amon S,S R Rotman,N S Kopeika.Bandwidth Maximization for satellite Laser Communication.IEEE.1999,35(2):675-682
23 Tong Luo,Yu Hu.Vibration suppression techniques for optical inter-satellite communications.IEEE.2002,47(8):356-682
24 Gerry Ortiz G,Shinhak Lee,namid Hemmati.Technology Maturation for Multi-Gigabit/sec Optical Communications Transceiver for Earth Science.IEEE.2000,27(3):546-552
25 K.J.Held and J.D.Barry.Precision optical pointing and tracking from spacecraft with vibrtional noise[C].SPIE.1986,Vol.616:160-173
26 马佳光.捕获跟踪与瞄准系统的基本技术问题.光学工程.1989,3:1-41
27 佟首峰,刘云清,姜会林.自由空间激光通信系统APT粗跟踪链路功率分析.红外与激光工程.2006,35(3):321-325
28 刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:1-2
29 张秉华,张守辉.光电成像跟踪系统.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2003:80-89
30 刘胜,彭侠夫,叶瑰昀.现代伺服系统设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2005:147-163
31 Shinhak Lee,James W.Alexander,Muthu Jeganathan.Pointing and Tracking Subsystem Design for Optical Communications Link between the International Space Station and Ground.SPIE,2000,3932:150-157
32 Caroline Racho,Angel Portillo.Characterization and Design of Digital Pointing Subsytem for Optical Communication Demonstrator.SPIE,1999,3615:250-261
33 飞科科技产品研发中心.MATLAB7辅助控制系统设计与仿真.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:55-98
34 刘淑华.空间光通信链路光束捕获、对准、跟踪技术及数字化仿真:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2002
35 马晶,韩琦琦,于思源等.卫星平台振动对星间激光链路的影响和解决方案[J].激光技术,2005,29(3):228-231
36 Wittig M,Holtz L V,Tunbridge D E L,Vermeulen H C.In Orbit Measurements of Microaccelerations of ESA's Communication Satellite OLYmPUS[C]Free Space Laser Communication Technologies Ⅱ.Bellingham:SPIE,1990:205-214
37 Toyoda Masahiro.Acquisition and tracking control of satellite-borne laser communication systems and simulation of downlink fluctuations[J].Optical Engineering(S0091-3286),2006,45(3):1-9
38 王宁强,刘向东,陈振等.基于MATLAB的卫星姿态控制半物理实时仿真平台[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(7):1617-1620
39 樊晓丹,孙应飞,李衍达.一种基于RTW的实时控制系统快速开发方法[J].清华大学学报,2003,43(7):895-898