深部节理岩体应变软化行为及围岩与支护结构相互作用研究
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摘要
在深部开采工程中，节理岩体普通存在。由于深部节理岩体处于复杂、高应力的工程地质环境，深部围岩表现出的力学特性与浅部围岩相比往往具有很大的差异，深部巷道支护结构稳定性、围岩-支护相互作用关系等都已成为深部工程支护设计中面临的新难题，所以，深入了解深部节理岩体破坏过程中的非线性行为对于工程设计具有重要的指导意义。然而，由于深部节理岩体具有强烈的非均质性、各向异性，提出一个能够充分表达各类岩体非线性力学行为的本构模型是十分困难的，特别是反映节理岩体的峰值后行为（如应变软化及扩容行为等）更加困难。
针对以上问题，在前人研究成果的基础上，探讨了深部节理岩体的破坏机制及强度劣化特性；以Hoek-Brown准则为基础，将量化的GSI围岩评级系统与宏观连续介质理论之间建立联系，构建了深部节理岩体等效应变软化模型；以FLAC3D有限差分软件为工具，对比分析了不同本构模型条件下的深部巷道工作面空间约束效应；研究了不同GSI指标的深部围岩应变局部化特征；对非线性剪胀角模型进行改进，提出适用于深部节理岩体的非线性剪胀角模型；根据可缩性U型钢支架的受力特点，构建了可缩性U型钢支架的支护特征曲线；以节理岩体应变软化模型为基础，通过建立深埋巷道三维数值模型，计算围岩特征曲线与支护结构特征曲线，研究了节理岩体应变软化模型、非线性剪胀角模型对围岩-支护相互作用的影响，并得出以下重要结论：
（1）构建了考虑围压影响的节理岩体等效应变软化模型，该模型可以较为合理的表达围岩应力释放过程中节理岩体强度逐渐劣化的过程；
（2）通过对围岩-支护相互作用关系的计算可知，巷道在开挖过程中，无论是恒定（包括剪胀角为零）剪胀角还是非线性剪胀角模型，当距离工作面相同位置施作支护结构时，支护结构所承受的围岩压力基本相同，即岩体剪胀角对围岩空间约束效应影响很小；
（3）构建的可缩性U型钢支架支护特征曲线，能够较为合理的反应U型钢支架的受力变形特点，围岩稳定性评价结果与现场实际情况相符，研究成果可为类似支护结构设计及稳定性验算提供参考；
（4）将收敛-约束法应用于深埋水平巷道及竖井围岩稳定性评价中，结合现场应用情况可以看出，收敛-约束法能够较为客观的反映围岩-支护相互作用关系，能够直观的评价支护系统的稳定性，可以为类似矿山建设和开采设计提供参考。
In deep mining engineering, joints is ordinary existence. Due to the deep joint rock mass ina complex and high stress of the engineering geological environment，compared with thesurrounding rock of shallow, deep surrounding rock show the very big difference in themechanical properties. The supporting design of deep engineering have facing new problems instability analysis of supporting structure and the interaction between surrounding rock-support,So, in-depth understanding of deep joint rock mass failure process of nonlinear behavior forengineering design have important guiding significance. However, due to the deep joint rockmass has strong heterogeneity and anisotropy, it is very difficult to put forward a nonlinearconstitutive model which can fully express all kinds of rock mass mechanics behavior,Especially reflect joint rock mass after the peak behavior (such as strain softening and flashbehavior, etc.) more difficult.
In view of the above question, in the previous research results foundation, discusses thedeep joint rock mass damage mechanism and strength degradation characteristics.Based onHoek-Brown standards, establish contact in the quantitative GSI rock rating system and macrocontinuum theory. Constructs the equivalent strain softening model for deep joint rock mass.With FLAC3Dfinite software for the tool, comparatived with the deep roadway face spaceconstraint effect in different constitutive model, Study the the deep surrounding rocks ofdifferent GSI indicators strain localization feature, Improved nonlinear dilatancy angle model,put forward a suitable dilatancy angle of the nonlinear model for deep joint rock.According tothe yielding of u-shape set mechanical characteristics, constructs the yielding of u-shape setsupport characteristic curve; as the foundation with joint rock mass strain softening model,establish the three dimensional numerical model for deep roadway, calculation of ground rockcurves and supporting characteristic curve. And draw the following important conclusions:
（1）Build a jointed rock mass equivalent strain softening model which consider confiningpressure effect, These model can reasonable expression of the process that strength graduallydegradation in joint rock mass.
（2）Based on the interaction between surrounding rock-support, in roadway excavationprocess, whether constant (including the dilatancy angle is zero) dilatancy angle or nonlineardilatancy angle model, when applied supporting structure in the same position, supporting structure which under the pressure of surrounding rock are basically the same, rock dilatancyangle of surrounding rock space constraint effect is very small.
（3）The construction of the yielding of U shaped steel bracket support characteristiccurve,which can be more reasonable reaction of u-shape set stress deformation characteristics, itis consistent in surrounding rock stability analysis and the actual situation.
（4）Application of Convergence-Constraint Method to analysis the surrounding rockstability in deep buried level roadway and shaft, combined with the application can be seen, theConvergence-Constraint Method can be objectively reflect between the surrounding rock andsupport interaction, which can provide the reference for the similar mine construction andmining design.
针对以上问题，在前人研究成果的基础上，探讨了深部节理岩体的破坏机制及强度劣化特性；以Hoek-Brown准则为基础，将量化的GSI围岩评级系统与宏观连续介质理论之间建立联系，构建了深部节理岩体等效应变软化模型；以FLAC3D有限差分软件为工具，对比分析了不同本构模型条件下的深部巷道工作面空间约束效应；研究了不同GSI指标的深部围岩应变局部化特征；对非线性剪胀角模型进行改进，提出适用于深部节理岩体的非线性剪胀角模型；根据可缩性U型钢支架的受力特点，构建了可缩性U型钢支架的支护特征曲线；以节理岩体应变软化模型为基础，通过建立深埋巷道三维数值模型，计算围岩特征曲线与支护结构特征曲线，研究了节理岩体应变软化模型、非线性剪胀角模型对围岩-支护相互作用的影响，并得出以下重要结论：
（1）构建了考虑围压影响的节理岩体等效应变软化模型，该模型可以较为合理的表达围岩应力释放过程中节理岩体强度逐渐劣化的过程；
（2）通过对围岩-支护相互作用关系的计算可知，巷道在开挖过程中，无论是恒定（包括剪胀角为零）剪胀角还是非线性剪胀角模型，当距离工作面相同位置施作支护结构时，支护结构所承受的围岩压力基本相同，即岩体剪胀角对围岩空间约束效应影响很小；
（3）构建的可缩性U型钢支架支护特征曲线，能够较为合理的反应U型钢支架的受力变形特点，围岩稳定性评价结果与现场实际情况相符，研究成果可为类似支护结构设计及稳定性验算提供参考；
（4）将收敛-约束法应用于深埋水平巷道及竖井围岩稳定性评价中，结合现场应用情况可以看出，收敛-约束法能够较为客观的反映围岩-支护相互作用关系，能够直观的评价支护系统的稳定性，可以为类似矿山建设和开采设计提供参考。
In deep mining engineering, joints is ordinary existence. Due to the deep joint rock mass ina complex and high stress of the engineering geological environment，compared with thesurrounding rock of shallow, deep surrounding rock show the very big difference in themechanical properties. The supporting design of deep engineering have facing new problems instability analysis of supporting structure and the interaction between surrounding rock-support,So, in-depth understanding of deep joint rock mass failure process of nonlinear behavior forengineering design have important guiding significance. However, due to the deep joint rockmass has strong heterogeneity and anisotropy, it is very difficult to put forward a nonlinearconstitutive model which can fully express all kinds of rock mass mechanics behavior,Especially reflect joint rock mass after the peak behavior (such as strain softening and flashbehavior, etc.) more difficult.
In view of the above question, in the previous research results foundation, discusses thedeep joint rock mass damage mechanism and strength degradation characteristics.Based onHoek-Brown standards, establish contact in the quantitative GSI rock rating system and macrocontinuum theory. Constructs the equivalent strain softening model for deep joint rock mass.With FLAC3Dfinite software for the tool, comparatived with the deep roadway face spaceconstraint effect in different constitutive model, Study the the deep surrounding rocks ofdifferent GSI indicators strain localization feature, Improved nonlinear dilatancy angle model,put forward a suitable dilatancy angle of the nonlinear model for deep joint rock.According tothe yielding of u-shape set mechanical characteristics, constructs the yielding of u-shape setsupport characteristic curve; as the foundation with joint rock mass strain softening model,establish the three dimensional numerical model for deep roadway, calculation of ground rockcurves and supporting characteristic curve. And draw the following important conclusions:
（1）Build a jointed rock mass equivalent strain softening model which consider confiningpressure effect, These model can reasonable expression of the process that strength graduallydegradation in joint rock mass.
（2）Based on the interaction between surrounding rock-support, in roadway excavationprocess, whether constant (including the dilatancy angle is zero) dilatancy angle or nonlineardilatancy angle model, when applied supporting structure in the same position, supporting structure which under the pressure of surrounding rock are basically the same, rock dilatancyangle of surrounding rock space constraint effect is very small.
（3）The construction of the yielding of U shaped steel bracket support characteristiccurve,which can be more reasonable reaction of u-shape set stress deformation characteristics, itis consistent in surrounding rock stability analysis and the actual situation.
（4）Application of Convergence-Constraint Method to analysis the surrounding rockstability in deep buried level roadway and shaft, combined with the application can be seen, theConvergence-Constraint Method can be objectively reflect between the surrounding rock andsupport interaction, which can provide the reference for the similar mine construction andmining design.
引文
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