新型农村社会养老保险的经济学分析
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摘要
随着中国在较短的时间内实现了人口再生产类型的转变,人口年龄结构也相应地发生了变化。截止2011年底大陆农村人口仍高达65656万,占总人口的48.73%。同时,据“我国农村老龄问题研究”课题组陈昱阳的报告,农村老年人口规模是城市的1.69倍,城市老年人口比重为7.97%,而农村老年人口比重已超过18.3%,由此可见,农村比城市存在更严重的老龄化问题。然而当前我国广大农村地区依然主要依靠土地养老、家庭养老,社会养老保险制度还未能发挥其应有的保障作用。农村未富先老的出现对加紧构建农村养老保险制度提出迫切的要求。
当前构建新型农村养老保险制度不仅可以弥补传统养老保险制度的缺陷,而且对我国经济发展及社会稳定有着巨大的推动作用。
我国经过改革开放30多年的发展,也已具备了建立农村养老保险制度的政治、经济和社会条件。多年来,党和政府创造的许多有利于民生的条件,为农村养老保险制度的建立和完善提供了有力的政治支撑。国家财政收入攀升、农村经济发展和农民收入的增加以及一些地方集体经济的壮大为建立农村养老保险制度奠定了坚实的物质基础。农民主观对农村养老保险制度的迫切需求和技术迅速发展为建立农村养老保险制度创造了社会条件。本文立足于我国当前经济发展现状和社会结构,比照国外发达国家或发展中国家建立农村养老保险制度的社会经济条件,借鉴其经验教训,为加快建立有中国特色的新型农村养老保险制度提出了一些建议。
本文在研究方法上以理论分析法为基础,主要运用了理论分析、统计分析、比较分析等方法进行系统的研究。
全文主要分为六个部分：
第一部分主要介绍了研究的背景和意义、中外文献综述、研究方法和文章结构,及创新和不足之处。
第二部分分析研究了新农保相关的经济学理论。主要阐述了供给和需求理论,为下文新农保的供给和需求分析提供理论依据。
第三部分从影响供给的因素角度分析新农保的现状。主要从政府财力、政府的认识、技术、队伍建设四个影响新农保供给的因素入手,分析了当前新农保的供给现状。
第四部分从影响需求的因素角度分析新农保的现状。主要从农民的收入、农民的认识、文化状况、国家相关政策、基金保值增值情况几个影响需求的因素入手,分析了当前新农保的需求现状。
第五部分主要是国外经验的借鉴。选取了德国、日本和巴西三个国家,阐述了他们如何逐步推进本国农村社会养老保险制度的建设,从而为当前我国新农保的建设提供经验借鉴。
第六部分,结合第三、第四部分的供需分析,得出我国当前新农保供需不平衡的结论,进一步分析了不平衡背后的原因,探索实现供需平衡的措施。
With the population reproduction pattern in China characterized by short period of time, a corresponding change of the population age structure has occurred. By the end of2011mainland rural population is still up to656.56million, accounting for48.73%of the total population. According to the report of the Rural Ageing Task Force Yu-Yang, the size of the elderly population in rural areas is1.69times the city's urban elderly population. The proportion of elderly population in city has accounted for7.97%, while it has more than18.3%in rural. There are more serious aging problem in rural. However, vast rural areas in China still rely mainly on land pension, family pension, in the vast rural areas of social endowment insurance system also failed to play its due role in safeguarding. Rich in rural areas-a first old is stepping up its efforts to build a rural old-age insurance system urgently request.
Currently, establishment of new rural retirement security system not only can make up for the shortcomings of traditional pension system, but also has a huge boost to the economic development and social stability in China.
With30years of development of China's reform and opening up, we already have possessed political, economic and social conditions to establish the new rural retirement security system. Over the years, the party and government have created conditions which are conducive to people's livelihood and provide a strong political support for the establishment and improvement of the new rural retirement security system. The increasing of state revenues, rural economic development and the increasing of the farmers'income, in some places the growth of collective economy, which create a solid material foundation for the establishment of new rural retirement security system. The subjective requirement to retirement security system in rural areas and the rapid development of technology created social conditions for the establishment of the new rural retirement security system. Based on our current economic development status and social structure, compared with the social and economic conditions of the developed countries or developing countries which have established new rural retirement security system, we should learn their lessons and speed up the establishment of the new rural retirement security system with Chinese characteristics.
This study method is based on theoretical analysis, and mainly use the theoretical analysis, statistical analysis, comparative analysis to make a systematic study.
Full-text is divided into five parts:
The first part mainly introduces the background and significance the of the topics、 the review of the domestic and foreign literature, research methods and essay structure, and innovation and deficiencies.
The second part analyzes the economic theory concerning the new rural social pension insurance. Mainly elaborate the theory of supply and demand, and provide a theoretical basis for the following analysis of supply and demand of the new rural social pension insurance.
The third part analyzes the status of the new rural social pension insurance from the supply aspect. Analyzes the status of current supply of the new rural social pension insurance mainly from the government finances, the Government's knowledge, technology, team building, keeping and increasing the value of the fund.
The fourth part analyzes the status of the new rural social pension insurance from the demand point. Mainly analyze the current demand status of the new rural social pension insurance from the income of farmers, the farmers know, the traditional ideas and culture, the protection in the old way, the objective effect of government policy, and increasing the value of the Fund several aspects.
The main of the fifth part is foreign experience for reference. Select two countries, Germany and Japan, describe how they gradually push forward the construction of the rural social endowment insurance system, so as to provide a reference for the construction of the new rural social pension insurance.
Part Ⅵ, with the supply and demand analysis of the third and fourth part, come down the conclusions that the new rural social pension insurance exist imbalance in the supply and demand currently, analyze further the reasons behind the imbalance, and explore measures to balance supply and demand.
当前构建新型农村养老保险制度不仅可以弥补传统养老保险制度的缺陷,而且对我国经济发展及社会稳定有着巨大的推动作用。
我国经过改革开放30多年的发展,也已具备了建立农村养老保险制度的政治、经济和社会条件。多年来,党和政府创造的许多有利于民生的条件,为农村养老保险制度的建立和完善提供了有力的政治支撑。国家财政收入攀升、农村经济发展和农民收入的增加以及一些地方集体经济的壮大为建立农村养老保险制度奠定了坚实的物质基础。农民主观对农村养老保险制度的迫切需求和技术迅速发展为建立农村养老保险制度创造了社会条件。本文立足于我国当前经济发展现状和社会结构,比照国外发达国家或发展中国家建立农村养老保险制度的社会经济条件,借鉴其经验教训,为加快建立有中国特色的新型农村养老保险制度提出了一些建议。
本文在研究方法上以理论分析法为基础,主要运用了理论分析、统计分析、比较分析等方法进行系统的研究。
全文主要分为六个部分：
第一部分主要介绍了研究的背景和意义、中外文献综述、研究方法和文章结构,及创新和不足之处。
第二部分分析研究了新农保相关的经济学理论。主要阐述了供给和需求理论,为下文新农保的供给和需求分析提供理论依据。
第三部分从影响供给的因素角度分析新农保的现状。主要从政府财力、政府的认识、技术、队伍建设四个影响新农保供给的因素入手,分析了当前新农保的供给现状。
第四部分从影响需求的因素角度分析新农保的现状。主要从农民的收入、农民的认识、文化状况、国家相关政策、基金保值增值情况几个影响需求的因素入手,分析了当前新农保的需求现状。
第五部分主要是国外经验的借鉴。选取了德国、日本和巴西三个国家,阐述了他们如何逐步推进本国农村社会养老保险制度的建设,从而为当前我国新农保的建设提供经验借鉴。
第六部分,结合第三、第四部分的供需分析,得出我国当前新农保供需不平衡的结论,进一步分析了不平衡背后的原因,探索实现供需平衡的措施。
With the population reproduction pattern in China characterized by short period of time, a corresponding change of the population age structure has occurred. By the end of2011mainland rural population is still up to656.56million, accounting for48.73%of the total population. According to the report of the Rural Ageing Task Force Yu-Yang, the size of the elderly population in rural areas is1.69times the city's urban elderly population. The proportion of elderly population in city has accounted for7.97%, while it has more than18.3%in rural. There are more serious aging problem in rural. However, vast rural areas in China still rely mainly on land pension, family pension, in the vast rural areas of social endowment insurance system also failed to play its due role in safeguarding. Rich in rural areas-a first old is stepping up its efforts to build a rural old-age insurance system urgently request.
Currently, establishment of new rural retirement security system not only can make up for the shortcomings of traditional pension system, but also has a huge boost to the economic development and social stability in China.
With30years of development of China's reform and opening up, we already have possessed political, economic and social conditions to establish the new rural retirement security system. Over the years, the party and government have created conditions which are conducive to people's livelihood and provide a strong political support for the establishment and improvement of the new rural retirement security system. The increasing of state revenues, rural economic development and the increasing of the farmers'income, in some places the growth of collective economy, which create a solid material foundation for the establishment of new rural retirement security system. The subjective requirement to retirement security system in rural areas and the rapid development of technology created social conditions for the establishment of the new rural retirement security system. Based on our current economic development status and social structure, compared with the social and economic conditions of the developed countries or developing countries which have established new rural retirement security system, we should learn their lessons and speed up the establishment of the new rural retirement security system with Chinese characteristics.
This study method is based on theoretical analysis, and mainly use the theoretical analysis, statistical analysis, comparative analysis to make a systematic study.
Full-text is divided into five parts:
The first part mainly introduces the background and significance the of the topics、 the review of the domestic and foreign literature, research methods and essay structure, and innovation and deficiencies.
The second part analyzes the economic theory concerning the new rural social pension insurance. Mainly elaborate the theory of supply and demand, and provide a theoretical basis for the following analysis of supply and demand of the new rural social pension insurance.
The third part analyzes the status of the new rural social pension insurance from the supply aspect. Analyzes the status of current supply of the new rural social pension insurance mainly from the government finances, the Government's knowledge, technology, team building, keeping and increasing the value of the fund.
The fourth part analyzes the status of the new rural social pension insurance from the demand point. Mainly analyze the current demand status of the new rural social pension insurance from the income of farmers, the farmers know, the traditional ideas and culture, the protection in the old way, the objective effect of government policy, and increasing the value of the Fund several aspects.
The main of the fifth part is foreign experience for reference. Select two countries, Germany and Japan, describe how they gradually push forward the construction of the rural social endowment insurance system, so as to provide a reference for the construction of the new rural social pension insurance.
Part Ⅵ, with the supply and demand analysis of the third and fourth part, come down the conclusions that the new rural social pension insurance exist imbalance in the supply and demand currently, analyze further the reasons behind the imbalance, and explore measures to balance supply and demand.
引文
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①刘迪平.中国新型农村社会养老保险长效供给研究[D].苏州：苏州大学博士学位论文,2010.
①李仁君.微观经济学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
①李伟.新型农村社会养老保险的制度缺陷与对策探讨----以河南省长葛市官厅乡的实地调查为例[J].社会保障研究,2010(4).
①杨翠迎.农村基本养老保险制度理论与政策研究[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2007.
①周莹.中国农村养老保障制度的路径选择研究[M].上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2009.
①周莹.中国农村养老保障制度的路径选择研究[M].上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2009.
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①李伟.新型农村社会养老保险的制度缺陷与对策探讨----以河南省长葛市官厅乡的实地调查为例[J].社会保障研究,2010(4).
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①李仁君.微观经济学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
①李伟.新型农村社会养老保险的制度缺陷与对策探讨----以河南省长葛市官厅乡的实地调查为例[J].社会保障研究,2010(4).
①杨翠迎.农村基本养老保险制度理论与政策研究[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2007.
①周莹.中国农村养老保障制度的路径选择研究[M].上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2009.
①周莹.中国农村养老保障制度的路径选择研究[M].上海：上海社会科学院出版社,2009.
②倪大兵,方铭勇.新型农村社会养老保险问题与对策思考[J].集体经济-新农村建设,2011(2).
①李伟.新型农村社会养老保险的制度缺陷与对策探讨----以河南省长葛市官厅乡的实地调查为例[J].社会保障研究,2010(4).
②黄代玲.新型农村社会养老保险需求----基于成都4个区县的调查[D1.成都：四川大学硕士毕业论文,20]0.
③刘丹.我国社会保险基金投资运营研究[D].厦门：集美大学硕士毕业论文,2009.
①王崇锋,张古鹏.我国未来城市化发展水平预测研究(2010—2020)[J].东岳论丛,2009(6).
①李明,李丞北.浅析我国新型农村社会养老保险制度[J].黑龙江金融,2010(8).
①杨勇刚,姜泽许.推动新型农村社会养老保险健康发展的建议[J].中国财政,2010(11).
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