基于GIS的陕西省公路超限运输路面结构验算系统
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摘要
随着我国公路建设的飞速发展,进一步带动了运输市场的繁荣。但我国公路超限运输现象愈演愈烈,大量的超过设计轴载标准的车辆在公路上行驶,已成为破坏道路的“头号杀手”。通过公路超限运输路面结构验算系统研究,可帮助管理部门深入了解超限超载作用下路面结构的受力影响,及时对相应路段公路进行维修措施,指导管理部门对养护经费进行合理投入。
本文以现行沥青路面及水泥路面设计规范为基础,通过分析国内外相关资料,针对超限交通的特点,分析获得车辆超限运输轴载下的沥青路面及水泥路面标准轴载换算公式。对考虑超限作用的路面结构验算内容进行了讨论和分析,确定以现有轴载作用下路面弯沉值、容许拉应力值、路面使用寿命及所需路面结构层厚度为沥青路面结构验算内容；以现有轴载作用下的综合疲劳应力值、路面使用寿命及所需路面结构层厚度为水泥路面结构验算内容。在此基础上,结合GIS相关理论开发出“基于GIS的陕西省公路超限运输路面结构验算系统”,实现了路面结构验算的快速准确、直观可视、图文并茂。为道路的养护维修管理提供了科学的决策依据。
基于以上理论分析,本文结合GIS相关理论开发出“基于GIS的陕西省公路超限运输路面结构验算系统”。软件系统以组件式GIS作为二次开发方式,以Visual Studio.NET2005为集成开发环境,嵌入ArcEngine9.3组件对象,采用先进的OLE自动化开发技术,运用VB.NET语言进行程序编写,利用ADO.NET技术进行数据库访问。系统将Access数据库与Arclnfo数据连接,通过建立线性参照系统及动态分段技术实现了空间数据与属性数据的双向查询。
系统充分利用非调查目的的现有数据源——动态磅称重系统数据库,并通过收集设计资料建立路面结构信息基础数据库。系统采用模块化设计方法,由属性维护模块、路面结构验算模块、图形编辑模块组成,不同的模块以不同的视图显示,模块间通过菜单命令实现转换。系统通过对陕西省国道超限作用下路面结构验算结果及分析,验证了GIS应用于陕西省国道超限作用下路面结构验算系统的可行性。
With the rapid development of China highway construction, Transport market became more prosperous. Because of the more and more serious phenomenon of overloading transportation in China, there is the primary factor to destroy roads which is the load of axle more than design standard Through the research on the overload situation check system for highway pavement structure, it can help the administration departments to understand the stress of asphalt pavement structure under the overrun and overload, to take measures to road maintenance timely and to guide highway management department to distribute the maintenance funds.
Based on the current specification for design of highway asphalt pavement and cement pavement, through the analysis of the domestic and foreign relevant literatures and the features of out-of-gauge traffic, it is concluded that the standard axle load conversion formula under the overrun of the asphalt pavement and cement road surface. The highway pavement structure check system under overload situation was considered and discussed, and then proposed the asphalt pavement structure check system including the pavement deflection value, allowable tension stress, pavement service life and the required thickness of asphalt pavement structure, all that under the current axial load; And proposed the cement pavement structure check system including combined fatigue stress value, pavement service life and the required thickness of the cement pavement structure; Meanwhile, in this paper based on the data statistics of axial load and pavement design data, the pavement structure was checked and the scientific and decision-making theory was provided for the maintain and manage of the highway in the Shaanxi province.
Based on the above theoretical analysis, combined with GIS related theory, the "Highway Pavement Structure under Overloading Transportation Checked System in Shaanxi Province Base on GIS" was developed. In this software system, make the component GIS as the customized development and NET2005 with Visual Studio as the integrated development environment; ArcEngine9.3 was embedded. In addition the advanced OLE automation development technology, vb.net language programming and ado.net technology was used to access the database. In this system, the ArcInfo database and Access database was connected, and the bidirectional inquiring between spatial data and attribute data by the establishment of linear referencing system and dynamic segmentation technology.
In this system, the existing data:dynamic weighing system database was made full used and the information foundation database of pavement structure was established by data collection. Modular design procedures were used in this system, including the module of data attribute, pavement structure check and picture edit. Different modules were displayed in different view and the modules can be converted by menu commands.
本文以现行沥青路面及水泥路面设计规范为基础,通过分析国内外相关资料,针对超限交通的特点,分析获得车辆超限运输轴载下的沥青路面及水泥路面标准轴载换算公式。对考虑超限作用的路面结构验算内容进行了讨论和分析,确定以现有轴载作用下路面弯沉值、容许拉应力值、路面使用寿命及所需路面结构层厚度为沥青路面结构验算内容；以现有轴载作用下的综合疲劳应力值、路面使用寿命及所需路面结构层厚度为水泥路面结构验算内容。在此基础上,结合GIS相关理论开发出“基于GIS的陕西省公路超限运输路面结构验算系统”,实现了路面结构验算的快速准确、直观可视、图文并茂。为道路的养护维修管理提供了科学的决策依据。
基于以上理论分析,本文结合GIS相关理论开发出“基于GIS的陕西省公路超限运输路面结构验算系统”。软件系统以组件式GIS作为二次开发方式,以Visual Studio.NET2005为集成开发环境,嵌入ArcEngine9.3组件对象,采用先进的OLE自动化开发技术,运用VB.NET语言进行程序编写,利用ADO.NET技术进行数据库访问。系统将Access数据库与Arclnfo数据连接,通过建立线性参照系统及动态分段技术实现了空间数据与属性数据的双向查询。
系统充分利用非调查目的的现有数据源——动态磅称重系统数据库,并通过收集设计资料建立路面结构信息基础数据库。系统采用模块化设计方法,由属性维护模块、路面结构验算模块、图形编辑模块组成,不同的模块以不同的视图显示,模块间通过菜单命令实现转换。系统通过对陕西省国道超限作用下路面结构验算结果及分析,验证了GIS应用于陕西省国道超限作用下路面结构验算系统的可行性。
With the rapid development of China highway construction, Transport market became more prosperous. Because of the more and more serious phenomenon of overloading transportation in China, there is the primary factor to destroy roads which is the load of axle more than design standard Through the research on the overload situation check system for highway pavement structure, it can help the administration departments to understand the stress of asphalt pavement structure under the overrun and overload, to take measures to road maintenance timely and to guide highway management department to distribute the maintenance funds.
Based on the current specification for design of highway asphalt pavement and cement pavement, through the analysis of the domestic and foreign relevant literatures and the features of out-of-gauge traffic, it is concluded that the standard axle load conversion formula under the overrun of the asphalt pavement and cement road surface. The highway pavement structure check system under overload situation was considered and discussed, and then proposed the asphalt pavement structure check system including the pavement deflection value, allowable tension stress, pavement service life and the required thickness of asphalt pavement structure, all that under the current axial load; And proposed the cement pavement structure check system including combined fatigue stress value, pavement service life and the required thickness of the cement pavement structure; Meanwhile, in this paper based on the data statistics of axial load and pavement design data, the pavement structure was checked and the scientific and decision-making theory was provided for the maintain and manage of the highway in the Shaanxi province.
Based on the above theoretical analysis, combined with GIS related theory, the "Highway Pavement Structure under Overloading Transportation Checked System in Shaanxi Province Base on GIS" was developed. In this software system, make the component GIS as the customized development and NET2005 with Visual Studio as the integrated development environment; ArcEngine9.3 was embedded. In addition the advanced OLE automation development technology, vb.net language programming and ado.net technology was used to access the database. In this system, the ArcInfo database and Access database was connected, and the bidirectional inquiring between spatial data and attribute data by the establishment of linear referencing system and dynamic segmentation technology.
In this system, the existing data:dynamic weighing system database was made full used and the information foundation database of pavement structure was established by data collection. Modular design procedures were used in this system, including the module of data attribute, pavement structure check and picture edit. Different modules were displayed in different view and the modules can be converted by menu commands.
引文
[1]苗丽.基于GIS的路面性能评价技术研究[D].郑州：郑州大学,2004
[2]赵丽君.基于GIS路面管理系统决策优化的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2008
[3]蔡越,姚革.中国国家公路地理信息系统[EB/OL]http://www.jmugis.cn/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=66,2005-05-22
[4]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
[5]Lee.Hosin. GIS-based highway design review system to improve constructability of design [J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation, v 29, n 3, p 375-388, Fall-Winter 1995
[6]Antenuccij.Etal. Geographic Information System-A Guide to the thchnology,Van Nostrand Reinhold,1991
[7]刘仁义,刘南.ArcGIS开发宝典---从入门到精通[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
[8]张正栋,邱国锋,郑春燕,胡华科.地理信息系统原理、应用与工程[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2005
[9]宋金华,张彩利,张雪华.路基路面工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2007
[10]郭云开,蒋东波.GIS在交通领域的应用及其发展趋势[J].公路与汽车,2004(12)
[11]甄侦.基于GIS的路面管理系统框架研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2007
[12]刘伯莹.网级路面管理系统[D].上海：同济大学,2005
[13]毛庆洲,张德津.基于GIS的路面养护管理信息系统集成方案及关键技术[J].武汉大学学报,2008(04)
[14]孙海龙,李仁杰,陈队永.组件式GIS在路面管理信息系统的应用[J].河北师范大学学报,2007(05)
[15]S A Robert. An Object Oriented Geographic Information System[J]. Information and Software Technology,1993, (10)
[16]石子石等.路面养护管理系统软件结构及功能设计[J].东南大学学报,2001(3)
[17]李晔,姚祖康.基于地理信息系统的公路设施空间数据库概念模型[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(3)
[18]赵圆圆,尚朝阳,尚刚.GIS在公路管理中的应用[J].公路,2001(09)
[19]国家测绘局陕西基础地理信息中心.陕西省基础地理信息公共服务平台[EB/OL]http://emap.shasm.gov.cn/sxcpgi/default.aspx
[20]郭琳.基于GIS的路线方案评价系统研究与开发[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[21]崔纪鹏.基于GIS的路面管理系统[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006.
[22]李坚强.基于GIS的河南省高速公路养护维修率预测系统[D].西安：长安大学,2008
[23]邵作宇.基于组件式GIS的陕西省土壤信息系统构建[D].陕西：西北农林科技大学,2009
[24]JT/T132-2000,公路数据库编目编码规则[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2000
[25]FwaTF, chan W T and Hoque K.Z. Analysis of Pavement Management Aetivities Programming by Genetie Algorithms[J].TransportationResearehReeord1643,1998(a), 1-6
[26]薛文,重载作用下沥青路面设计方法研究[D],天津：河北工业大学,2002
[27]蒋应军,戴经粱,陈忠达.重载水泥混凝土路面疲劳方程和车辆轴载的换算[J],长安大学学报,2002,22(3)
[28]陈浙,王玲娟.超载下的沥青路面轴载换算[J],中外公路,2007(2)
[29]张卫兵.超载作用下沥青路面设计方法及合理结构研究.重庆：重庆交通大学,2009.
[30]王选仓,王新歧,李春平.重载水泥混凝土路面研究[J].中国公路学报,1999,(1)：14～20.
[31]彭波,田波.刚性路面超限车辆轴载换算系数的探讨[J].公路交通科,2000,(2)
[32]Same Zaghcoul,Thomas D.white. Load Egauvialency Factors for Asphalt Pavements. Asphalt Paving Technology.1994,Vol.63
[33]孙德栋.重载交通沥青路面结构设计的理论与工程应用[D].大连：大连理工大学,2001
[34]刘静,汽车超载对沥青路面使用寿命的影响分析[J].公路与汽车,2005,(5)
[35]林益恭,陈少幸,舒翔.广东省主要高速公路超载作用下路面结构验算分析[J].中外公路,2008
[36]蒋波涛.ArcObjects开发基础与技巧：基于VisalBasic.NET.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2006
[37]李霞,新疆高等级公路筑路材料GIS管理系统[D].西安：长安大学,2005
[38]田原,VB.NET程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[39]黄明,梁旭,曹利超.Visual Basic.NET信息系统设计与开发实例[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[40]孙连三,新编Access 2003中文版从入门到精通[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008
[41]郭林泉,赵鸿铎.线性参照系统在上海市公路设施管理地理信息系统中的应用.昆明冶金高等专科学校学报.2006(03)
[42]杨柳.公路GIS动态分段技术研究.郑州：郑州大学.2004
[43]张毅,吕秀琴,闫利.基于ArcObjects的公路动态分段数据的组织与实现.地理空间信息.2007.
[44]王广杰,何政伟,张新海,许辉熙.线性参考系统与动态分段技术在公路GIS中的应用研究.测绘科学.2008(5)
[45]刘见平.基于动态分段技术的GIS模型在高速公路设施管理中的应用研究.吉林：吉林大学.2007
[2]赵丽君.基于GIS路面管理系统决策优化的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2008
[3]蔡越,姚革.中国国家公路地理信息系统[EB/OL]http://www.jmugis.cn/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=66,2005-05-22
[4]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
[5]Lee.Hosin. GIS-based highway design review system to improve constructability of design [J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation, v 29, n 3, p 375-388, Fall-Winter 1995
[6]Antenuccij.Etal. Geographic Information System-A Guide to the thchnology,Van Nostrand Reinhold,1991
[7]刘仁义,刘南.ArcGIS开发宝典---从入门到精通[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
[8]张正栋,邱国锋,郑春燕,胡华科.地理信息系统原理、应用与工程[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2005
[9]宋金华,张彩利,张雪华.路基路面工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2007
[10]郭云开,蒋东波.GIS在交通领域的应用及其发展趋势[J].公路与汽车,2004(12)
[11]甄侦.基于GIS的路面管理系统框架研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2007
[12]刘伯莹.网级路面管理系统[D].上海：同济大学,2005
[13]毛庆洲,张德津.基于GIS的路面养护管理信息系统集成方案及关键技术[J].武汉大学学报,2008(04)
[14]孙海龙,李仁杰,陈队永.组件式GIS在路面管理信息系统的应用[J].河北师范大学学报,2007(05)
[15]S A Robert. An Object Oriented Geographic Information System[J]. Information and Software Technology,1993, (10)
[16]石子石等.路面养护管理系统软件结构及功能设计[J].东南大学学报,2001(3)
[17]李晔,姚祖康.基于地理信息系统的公路设施空间数据库概念模型[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(3)
[18]赵圆圆,尚朝阳,尚刚.GIS在公路管理中的应用[J].公路,2001(09)
[19]国家测绘局陕西基础地理信息中心.陕西省基础地理信息公共服务平台[EB/OL]http://emap.shasm.gov.cn/sxcpgi/default.aspx
[20]郭琳.基于GIS的路线方案评价系统研究与开发[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[21]崔纪鹏.基于GIS的路面管理系统[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006.
[22]李坚强.基于GIS的河南省高速公路养护维修率预测系统[D].西安：长安大学,2008
[23]邵作宇.基于组件式GIS的陕西省土壤信息系统构建[D].陕西：西北农林科技大学,2009
[24]JT/T132-2000,公路数据库编目编码规则[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2000
[25]FwaTF, chan W T and Hoque K.Z. Analysis of Pavement Management Aetivities Programming by Genetie Algorithms[J].TransportationResearehReeord1643,1998(a), 1-6
[26]薛文,重载作用下沥青路面设计方法研究[D],天津：河北工业大学,2002
[27]蒋应军,戴经粱,陈忠达.重载水泥混凝土路面疲劳方程和车辆轴载的换算[J],长安大学学报,2002,22(3)
[28]陈浙,王玲娟.超载下的沥青路面轴载换算[J],中外公路,2007(2)
[29]张卫兵.超载作用下沥青路面设计方法及合理结构研究.重庆：重庆交通大学,2009.
[30]王选仓,王新歧,李春平.重载水泥混凝土路面研究[J].中国公路学报,1999,(1)：14～20.
[31]彭波,田波.刚性路面超限车辆轴载换算系数的探讨[J].公路交通科,2000,(2)
[32]Same Zaghcoul,Thomas D.white. Load Egauvialency Factors for Asphalt Pavements. Asphalt Paving Technology.1994,Vol.63
[33]孙德栋.重载交通沥青路面结构设计的理论与工程应用[D].大连：大连理工大学,2001
[34]刘静,汽车超载对沥青路面使用寿命的影响分析[J].公路与汽车,2005,(5)
[35]林益恭,陈少幸,舒翔.广东省主要高速公路超载作用下路面结构验算分析[J].中外公路,2008
[36]蒋波涛.ArcObjects开发基础与技巧：基于VisalBasic.NET.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2006
[37]李霞,新疆高等级公路筑路材料GIS管理系统[D].西安：长安大学,2005
[38]田原,VB.NET程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[39]黄明,梁旭,曹利超.Visual Basic.NET信息系统设计与开发实例[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[40]孙连三,新编Access 2003中文版从入门到精通[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008
[41]郭林泉,赵鸿铎.线性参照系统在上海市公路设施管理地理信息系统中的应用.昆明冶金高等专科学校学报.2006(03)
[42]杨柳.公路GIS动态分段技术研究.郑州：郑州大学.2004
[43]张毅,吕秀琴,闫利.基于ArcObjects的公路动态分段数据的组织与实现.地理空间信息.2007.
[44]王广杰,何政伟,张新海,许辉熙.线性参考系统与动态分段技术在公路GIS中的应用研究.测绘科学.2008(5)
[45]刘见平.基于动态分段技术的GIS模型在高速公路设施管理中的应用研究.吉林：吉林大学.2007