船舶机舱细水雾灭火系统研究
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摘要
细水雾灭火系统是一种被公认为是比较理想的、适合船用的灭火系统。但是现有船用细水雾灭火系统大都为高压细水雾灭火系统,系统成本比较高。因此,降低系统压力,节省成本是一个迫切需要解决的问题。而这主要取决于细水雾喷嘴的性能和系统的设计。
本文首先对细水雾灭火系统的机理、类型、适用范围等进行了系统分析,并在实验室搭建了船舶细水雾灭火实验系统,进行了相关的实验,获得了几种不同喷嘴雾化效果的图像资料。然后针对前期设计的机械式雾化喷嘴,通过CAD与CFD相结合的方法,对喷嘴的内部流场和喷嘴外部雾场进行数值分析,并将其结果与实验室实验结果比较,从而达到了优化喷嘴的设计,提高雾化性能的目的。具体工作如下:
1.搭建移动式细水雾灭火试验台,并对设计的喷嘴进行实验,得到相应的图像资料,初步分析了实验结果。
2.通过分析喷嘴的整个内部流场,建立流场的几何模型和数学模型。利用流体仿真软件FLUENT模拟计算喷嘴内部流场水的流动状态,得到内部流场的特性。观察内部流场的压力、速度、以及湍流强度的分布图,对喷嘴内部分流片、旋流片和雾化片对雾化所起的作用有一个直观的理解,然后,针对各自的作用,提出改进意见。
3.利用GAMBIT建立2种不同雾化片的雾场模型,用FLUENT对两种不同情况分别进行仿真计算,得到雾场效果图。将这些效果图与在实验室进行的实际试验结果进行了比较,结合内部流场仿真,提出了喷嘴结构改进方案。
4.在对喷嘴进行一系列试验、仿真的同时,对实验室的船用细水雾灭火系统进行改进设计。在此基础上,提出船舶机舱中低压细水雾灭火系统的示意图和喷嘴在机舱的布置方案。
Water mist firefighting system was considered a perfect system in keeping with ship use. But most of the existing water mist firefighting systems for ship use are working under high pressure, and the costs of the systems are very high. It's the just time to lower the system pressure, and save cost. And this is quite decided by the function of watermist nozzle and the design of the system.
This paper analysised the mechanism, types of the system and the applicability of the watermist system, and so on. And it has also built a ship's watermist firefighting trial system in the laboratory. By carrying on a related experiment, I get a few pictures of the nozzles with different effects. With the combined method of the CAD and CFD, it has a numerical- value analysis of the inner flow field and the outside fog fields of the different atomized slices of the nozzle, it compares the emulation results with the lab result, so that to improve the design of the nozzle, and finally to enhance the function of the nozzle. The concrete work is as follows:
Firstly, aiming at obtaining the pictures, it establishs a mobile water-mist-fog test-bed, and carry out an experiment on the designed nozzle. Then it analyzes the pictures, and gets the elementary decisions.
Secondly, through analysising the whole inner flow field of the nozzle, it establishs the geometry model and mathematics model of the flow field. By making use of the fluid software FLUENT, it makes a calculation of the nozzle's inner fluxion appearance of water to get the flow characteristic of the inner flow field. By observing the inner flow field's distributtion diagrams of the pressure,speed,and the swift flow strength, it keeps a view of comprehension of the functions of the distributary slice, the revolve slice and the atomized slice, and puts forward some improving opinions.
Thirdly, it build up a fog field models of two kinds of different atomized slice by using GAMBIT, and carrys on imitating and calculation of the two four kinds of different circumstances respectively by using FLUENT, to get the fog field result diagrams. Compared with the experiment results, combined with the imitating of the inner flow field, put forward a ameliorate scheme of atomization nozzle.
Finally, it has also improved the designment of the ship's watermist firefighting trial system. On this foundation, it has put forward the sketch map of the watermist firefighting system in middle-low pressure of the engine room, and the collocation project of the fog nozzles.
本文首先对细水雾灭火系统的机理、类型、适用范围等进行了系统分析,并在实验室搭建了船舶细水雾灭火实验系统,进行了相关的实验,获得了几种不同喷嘴雾化效果的图像资料。然后针对前期设计的机械式雾化喷嘴,通过CAD与CFD相结合的方法,对喷嘴的内部流场和喷嘴外部雾场进行数值分析,并将其结果与实验室实验结果比较,从而达到了优化喷嘴的设计,提高雾化性能的目的。具体工作如下:
1.搭建移动式细水雾灭火试验台,并对设计的喷嘴进行实验,得到相应的图像资料,初步分析了实验结果。
2.通过分析喷嘴的整个内部流场,建立流场的几何模型和数学模型。利用流体仿真软件FLUENT模拟计算喷嘴内部流场水的流动状态,得到内部流场的特性。观察内部流场的压力、速度、以及湍流强度的分布图,对喷嘴内部分流片、旋流片和雾化片对雾化所起的作用有一个直观的理解,然后,针对各自的作用,提出改进意见。
3.利用GAMBIT建立2种不同雾化片的雾场模型,用FLUENT对两种不同情况分别进行仿真计算,得到雾场效果图。将这些效果图与在实验室进行的实际试验结果进行了比较,结合内部流场仿真,提出了喷嘴结构改进方案。
4.在对喷嘴进行一系列试验、仿真的同时,对实验室的船用细水雾灭火系统进行改进设计。在此基础上,提出船舶机舱中低压细水雾灭火系统的示意图和喷嘴在机舱的布置方案。
Water mist firefighting system was considered a perfect system in keeping with ship use. But most of the existing water mist firefighting systems for ship use are working under high pressure, and the costs of the systems are very high. It's the just time to lower the system pressure, and save cost. And this is quite decided by the function of watermist nozzle and the design of the system.
This paper analysised the mechanism, types of the system and the applicability of the watermist system, and so on. And it has also built a ship's watermist firefighting trial system in the laboratory. By carrying on a related experiment, I get a few pictures of the nozzles with different effects. With the combined method of the CAD and CFD, it has a numerical- value analysis of the inner flow field and the outside fog fields of the different atomized slices of the nozzle, it compares the emulation results with the lab result, so that to improve the design of the nozzle, and finally to enhance the function of the nozzle. The concrete work is as follows:
Firstly, aiming at obtaining the pictures, it establishs a mobile water-mist-fog test-bed, and carry out an experiment on the designed nozzle. Then it analyzes the pictures, and gets the elementary decisions.
Secondly, through analysising the whole inner flow field of the nozzle, it establishs the geometry model and mathematics model of the flow field. By making use of the fluid software FLUENT, it makes a calculation of the nozzle's inner fluxion appearance of water to get the flow characteristic of the inner flow field. By observing the inner flow field's distributtion diagrams of the pressure,speed,and the swift flow strength, it keeps a view of comprehension of the functions of the distributary slice, the revolve slice and the atomized slice, and puts forward some improving opinions.
Thirdly, it build up a fog field models of two kinds of different atomized slice by using GAMBIT, and carrys on imitating and calculation of the two four kinds of different circumstances respectively by using FLUENT, to get the fog field result diagrams. Compared with the experiment results, combined with the imitating of the inner flow field, put forward a ameliorate scheme of atomization nozzle.
Finally, it has also improved the designment of the ship's watermist firefighting trial system. On this foundation, it has put forward the sketch map of the watermist firefighting system in middle-low pressure of the engine room, and the collocation project of the fog nozzles.
引文
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[12]张勇,陈海泉,孙玉清.基于液压和VB技术的船舶细水雾灭火喷嘴的设计计算.液压气动与密封,2006(4):1-3.
[13]张兆宪,朱奇.细水雾灭火系统设计初探.上海金盾消防安全设备有限公司:143-144.
[14]廖平,姚效刚.细水雾灭火系统的发展及工程应用,2007,1.
[15]国家标准局.火灾分类.中华人民共和国国家标准,1985.
[16]邢子龙,武丽洁.浅析中、低压单流体细水雾灭火系统的应用.安防科技·安全管理,2005(5):54-55.
[17]张勇.船舶细水雾灭火系统中机械式喷嘴的研究:(硕士学位论文),大连:大连海事大学,2006.
[18]刘联胜.气泡雾化喷嘴的雾化特性及其喷雾两相流场的实验与理论研究:(博士毕业论文),天津:天津大学,2001.
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[21]吴晋湘.不同反压下大流量气液同轴式喷嘴雾化特性及喷雾两相流场的实验和理论研究.国防科学技术大学博士论文,1993,11.
[22]秦裕琨.燃油燃气锅炉实用技术.[M]第一版,2001,3:34-50.
[23]D.P.Schmidt,I.Nouar,P.K.Senecal,C.J.Rutland,J.K.Martin,and R.D.Reitz Pressure-Swirl Atomization in the Near Field SAE Paper 01-0496,SAE,1999.
[24]Z.Han,S.Perrish,P.V.Farrell,and R.D.Reitz Modeling Atomization Processesof Pressure-Swirl Hollow-Cone Fuel Sprays Atomization and Sprays,7(6):663-684,Nov.-Dec.1997.
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[26]J.D.AndersonComputational Fluid Dynamics:The Basic with Applications.McGrawHill.
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[28]Liangyin Chu,Wenmei Chen,Xiaozhong Li.Effect of structural modification on.
[29]C A Capela Moraes,C M Hackenberg,C Russo,R Amedronho.Theoretical analysis of treating produced fluids in heavy oil recovery.Hydrocyclones'96,UK,1996.
[30]T.Dyakowski,R.A.Williams.Prediction of high solids concentration regions within a hydrocylone.Powder Technology,1996(87):43-47.
[31]吴子牛.计算流体力学基本原理.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[32]H.K.Versteeg,W.Malalasekera,an Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Finite Volume Method.Wiley,New York,1995.
[33]M.B.Abbott,D.R.Basco,Computational Fliud Dynamics-An Introduction for Engineers.Longman cientific&Technical,Harlow,England 1989.
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[35]J.F.Wendt.Computational Fluid Dynamics:An introduction.Springer-Verlog,1992.
[36]A.Clamen,W.H.Gauvin.Effects of turbulence on the drag coefficients of spheres in a supercritical flow regime.Am.Inst.Chem.Engrs.1969,15:184-189.
[37]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004,9.
[38]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.Fluent流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
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