基于VC的虚拟火灾模拟仿真系统
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摘要
随着城市建设的迅速发展,大型的建筑物日趋增多,火灾的发生和发展越来越复杂,特别是大型建筑的人员快速疏散,灭火救援工作带来巨大的困难。如果能提高民众在火灾中逃生自救的能力,将为保证人民生命财产安全和开展消防工作带来积极作用。现今我国信息科技的发达以及网络的普及,促成了虚拟技术的蓬勃发展。以工程而言传播的媒体,采用虚拟技术的互动式教育游戏已成为一种教学科技,具有挑战性及探索性,其应用于工程领域将产生更巨大的社会和商业价值。
虚拟火灾模拟仿真游戏系统是基于虚拟技术的互动式教育游戏系统,给使用者提供了一个模拟火灾发生后自救行为的数字化平台。在火灾中有很多人因为对火灾环境不熟悉、恐慌等原因没有选择正确的逃生方法而受伤甚至丧生。因此,需要一种安全、真实、有效的火灾逃生自救训练方法来解决这些问题。本系统利用虚拟现实技术,通过参数控制,建置完整的火灾环境,以互动方式仿真火灾发生和发展的过程,采用游戏导向的学习方法,对系统的使用者在虚拟的火灾灾场的反应、行为进行系统的评价和指导。不仅提供了安全、真实、有效的火灾逃生自救训练平台,同时宣传消防知识、推广消防经验,对社会以及人民的生活产生积极影响。
用计算机来模拟火灾过程,这方面的研究主要在以下两个方面展开来。第一,理论方面模型的发展,使得计算的模拟和实际情况之间的误差更小;第二,计算机的处理能力比以前更加强大,而且出现了很多商业软件,这些软件对用户来说,使用起来更为精确,更为方便。
本文所提出的基于虚拟技术的火灾训练系统包括:
1.建筑三维地图构造和显示及与用户的交互;
2.火灾的模拟;
3.指导逃生和救援决策。
本文探讨了利用虚拟现实技术、人工智能和模式识别的相关算法结合火灾的危害模型建立虚拟火灾训练系统的途径。通过研究提出了采用虚拟现实来创建火灾和逃生救援的软件系统的设计方案,以及将OpenGL与PLIB相结合在Windows平台上实现基于C/S结构下的虚拟火灾训练系统的技术。创建火灾模拟仿真系统的目的是希望通过此系统尽量真实的还原真正火灾现场的复杂情况,让使用者更多的通过亲身的体验了解在火灾现场逃生的知识和自救的方法。
With the rapid development of urban construction, large buildings is increasing, fires and development of more complex, especially for large buildings quickly evacuation, fire fighting and rescue work of enormous difficulty. If we can improve the self-help people in the fire escape ability, will ensure the safety of life and property and to carry out a positive role in the fire service. Today China's information technology development and popularity of the network, contributed to the rapid development of virtual technology. The project in terms of communication media, the use of virtual technology, interactive educational games have become a kind of teaching science and technology, challenging and exploratory, applied engineering will result in more significant social and commercial value.
Virtual fire system is a simulation game based on virtual technology, interactive educational game system, giving users a self-help after the fire behavior simulation of digital platforms. Many people in the fire because of the fire environment are not familiar with, panic and other reasons not to choose the right escape injury or even death. Therefore, the need for a safe, a real and effective fire escape self-help training methods to solve these problems. The system uses virtual reality technology, through the parameter control, build a complete fire environment to interactively simulate the fire and the development process, using game-based learning methods, the system user in a virtual response to fire sites, conduct a systematic evaluation and guidance. Not only provides a safe, realistic and effective self-help training, fire escape platform, while promoting the fire of knowledge, experience to promote fire safety, social and positive impact on people's lives.
Computer simulation of the fire process, the progress made in the following two are more attention and popularity. First, the development and improvement of theoretical models, making the computer simulation and the actual situation is more close; second, more powerful computer processing power, but there are some more accurate, easier to use commercial software. Presented in this paper based on virtual technology, fire training system including:
1. Construction and building three-dimensional map display and interaction with the user.
2. Fire simulation.
3. Escape and rescue to guide decision-making.
This paper discusses the use of virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition algorithms associated with fire hazard modeling approach virtual fire training system. By studying the proposed use of virtual reality to create a fire escape and rescue software system design, and the combination of OpenGL and PLIB-based on the Windows platform C / S structure of the virtual fire training system technology. Create a fire simulation system aims through this system as close as possible to restore the real complexities of the fire scene, allowing users to more through personal experience to understand the knowledge in the scene of the fire escape and self-help approach.
虚拟火灾模拟仿真游戏系统是基于虚拟技术的互动式教育游戏系统,给使用者提供了一个模拟火灾发生后自救行为的数字化平台。在火灾中有很多人因为对火灾环境不熟悉、恐慌等原因没有选择正确的逃生方法而受伤甚至丧生。因此,需要一种安全、真实、有效的火灾逃生自救训练方法来解决这些问题。本系统利用虚拟现实技术,通过参数控制,建置完整的火灾环境,以互动方式仿真火灾发生和发展的过程,采用游戏导向的学习方法,对系统的使用者在虚拟的火灾灾场的反应、行为进行系统的评价和指导。不仅提供了安全、真实、有效的火灾逃生自救训练平台,同时宣传消防知识、推广消防经验,对社会以及人民的生活产生积极影响。
用计算机来模拟火灾过程,这方面的研究主要在以下两个方面展开来。第一,理论方面模型的发展,使得计算的模拟和实际情况之间的误差更小;第二,计算机的处理能力比以前更加强大,而且出现了很多商业软件,这些软件对用户来说,使用起来更为精确,更为方便。
本文所提出的基于虚拟技术的火灾训练系统包括:
1.建筑三维地图构造和显示及与用户的交互;
2.火灾的模拟;
3.指导逃生和救援决策。
本文探讨了利用虚拟现实技术、人工智能和模式识别的相关算法结合火灾的危害模型建立虚拟火灾训练系统的途径。通过研究提出了采用虚拟现实来创建火灾和逃生救援的软件系统的设计方案,以及将OpenGL与PLIB相结合在Windows平台上实现基于C/S结构下的虚拟火灾训练系统的技术。创建火灾模拟仿真系统的目的是希望通过此系统尽量真实的还原真正火灾现场的复杂情况,让使用者更多的通过亲身的体验了解在火灾现场逃生的知识和自救的方法。
With the rapid development of urban construction, large buildings is increasing, fires and development of more complex, especially for large buildings quickly evacuation, fire fighting and rescue work of enormous difficulty. If we can improve the self-help people in the fire escape ability, will ensure the safety of life and property and to carry out a positive role in the fire service. Today China's information technology development and popularity of the network, contributed to the rapid development of virtual technology. The project in terms of communication media, the use of virtual technology, interactive educational games have become a kind of teaching science and technology, challenging and exploratory, applied engineering will result in more significant social and commercial value.
Virtual fire system is a simulation game based on virtual technology, interactive educational game system, giving users a self-help after the fire behavior simulation of digital platforms. Many people in the fire because of the fire environment are not familiar with, panic and other reasons not to choose the right escape injury or even death. Therefore, the need for a safe, a real and effective fire escape self-help training methods to solve these problems. The system uses virtual reality technology, through the parameter control, build a complete fire environment to interactively simulate the fire and the development process, using game-based learning methods, the system user in a virtual response to fire sites, conduct a systematic evaluation and guidance. Not only provides a safe, realistic and effective self-help training, fire escape platform, while promoting the fire of knowledge, experience to promote fire safety, social and positive impact on people's lives.
Computer simulation of the fire process, the progress made in the following two are more attention and popularity. First, the development and improvement of theoretical models, making the computer simulation and the actual situation is more close; second, more powerful computer processing power, but there are some more accurate, easier to use commercial software. Presented in this paper based on virtual technology, fire training system including:
1. Construction and building three-dimensional map display and interaction with the user.
2. Fire simulation.
3. Escape and rescue to guide decision-making.
This paper discusses the use of virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition algorithms associated with fire hazard modeling approach virtual fire training system. By studying the proposed use of virtual reality to create a fire escape and rescue software system design, and the combination of OpenGL and PLIB-based on the Windows platform C / S structure of the virtual fire training system technology. Create a fire simulation system aims through this system as close as possible to restore the real complexities of the fire scene, allowing users to more through personal experience to understand the knowledge in the scene of the fire escape and self-help approach.
引文
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[2]高宇,宋汉辰,吴玲达.实景空间中虚拟对象嵌入技术研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2003, 39(30): 47-50.
[3]黄元芳,王代涵,王一哲.虚拟现实技术与VRML[J].武汉冶金管理干部学院学报, 2003, 13(2): 71-73.
[4]曾颖,汪青节.虚拟现实技术在消防中的应用[J].消防科学与技术, 2006, 25(增刊): 66-67.
[5]陈刚.虚拟地形环境的层次描述与实时渲染技术的研究[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学测绘学院, 2000: 1.
[6]盛建.火灾自动报警消防系统[M].天津:天津大学出版社, 1999.
[7]龚延风,陈卫.建.筑消防技术[M].北京:北京科学出版社, 2003.
[8]杨亮,庄爽,马建明,等.浅谈微波技术应用于火灾探测[J].消防科学与技术, 2006, 25(1): 77-79.
[9]顾耀林,王继州.基于改进的粒子系统的火焰模拟[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007, 28(8): 1867-1869.
[10]王珂.基于虚拟现实技术的三维漫游系统研究与实现[D].西南交通大学, 2006.
[11]孙文静.虚拟场景实时生成技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学, 2007.
[12]顾耀林,王继州.基于改进的粒子系统的火焰模拟[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007, 28(8): 1867-1869 .
[13]赵春霞,张艳,战守义.基于粒子系统方法的三维火焰模拟[J].计算机工程与应用, 2004, 28(2): 73-75.
[14]汪箭,聂小林,季辉,等.虚拟现实技术在火灾领域中的应用[J].计算机仿真, 2002, 19(2): 28-31.
[15]王庆娇,方正,张铮.虚拟现实技术在火灾人员疏散行为调查中的应用[J].测绘信息与工程, 2003, 28(4): 45-47.
[16] Zhang Y B, Tong R F, Dong J X. Octree-based camera planning in virtual environments[C]. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Workin Design, Coventry UK, 2005: 412-418.
[17]尚游,陈岩涛. OpenGL图形程序设计指南(第一版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版, 2001, 1～300.
[18]和平鸽工作室.伪OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(高级编程篇)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2003, 55-260.
[19]和平鸽工作室. OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(系统开发篇) [M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2003, 1-215.
[20]唐泽圣,周嘉玉,李新友.计算机图形学基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1995.
[21]唐荣锡,汪嘉业,彭群生,等.计算机图形学教程[M].北京:科学出版社, 1994.
[22] Tomsa A, Akenine M, Eric H著.普建涛译实时计算机图形学(第一版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2004, 45-77.
[2]高宇,宋汉辰,吴玲达.实景空间中虚拟对象嵌入技术研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2003, 39(30): 47-50.
[3]黄元芳,王代涵,王一哲.虚拟现实技术与VRML[J].武汉冶金管理干部学院学报, 2003, 13(2): 71-73.
[4]曾颖,汪青节.虚拟现实技术在消防中的应用[J].消防科学与技术, 2006, 25(增刊): 66-67.
[5]陈刚.虚拟地形环境的层次描述与实时渲染技术的研究[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学测绘学院, 2000: 1.
[6]盛建.火灾自动报警消防系统[M].天津:天津大学出版社, 1999.
[7]龚延风,陈卫.建.筑消防技术[M].北京:北京科学出版社, 2003.
[8]杨亮,庄爽,马建明,等.浅谈微波技术应用于火灾探测[J].消防科学与技术, 2006, 25(1): 77-79.
[9]顾耀林,王继州.基于改进的粒子系统的火焰模拟[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007, 28(8): 1867-1869.
[10]王珂.基于虚拟现实技术的三维漫游系统研究与实现[D].西南交通大学, 2006.
[11]孙文静.虚拟场景实时生成技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学, 2007.
[12]顾耀林,王继州.基于改进的粒子系统的火焰模拟[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007, 28(8): 1867-1869 .
[13]赵春霞,张艳,战守义.基于粒子系统方法的三维火焰模拟[J].计算机工程与应用, 2004, 28(2): 73-75.
[14]汪箭,聂小林,季辉,等.虚拟现实技术在火灾领域中的应用[J].计算机仿真, 2002, 19(2): 28-31.
[15]王庆娇,方正,张铮.虚拟现实技术在火灾人员疏散行为调查中的应用[J].测绘信息与工程, 2003, 28(4): 45-47.
[16] Zhang Y B, Tong R F, Dong J X. Octree-based camera planning in virtual environments[C]. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Workin Design, Coventry UK, 2005: 412-418.
[17]尚游,陈岩涛. OpenGL图形程序设计指南(第一版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版, 2001, 1～300.
[18]和平鸽工作室.伪OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(高级编程篇)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2003, 55-260.
[19]和平鸽工作室. OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(系统开发篇) [M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2003, 1-215.
[20]唐泽圣,周嘉玉,李新友.计算机图形学基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1995.
[21]唐荣锡,汪嘉业,彭群生,等.计算机图形学教程[M].北京:科学出版社, 1994.
[22] Tomsa A, Akenine M, Eric H著.普建涛译实时计算机图形学(第一版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2004, 45-77.