基于Web服务的工作流管理系统框架研究及实现
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摘要
工作流管理系统是实现计算机辅助协同工作的工具,能实现工作流程的全部或部分自动管理功能。系统可以依据特定的规范定制工作流程,实现计算机的辅助控制。工作流管理系统的应用不仅便于工作的规范化,而且便于人员、资源的合理配置、工作流程的监督审查并提高工作效率。
Web服务是新一代的Web应用程序,是一类通过开放的Internet协议访问的软件组件,它代表了组件技术和Web技术的结合。Web服务以其开放良好的互操作性、跨语言和跨平台等优点,成为解决异构系统集成的首选。
本文首先分析了现有工作流管理系统的特点以及当前Web服务发展的新趋势,研究了当前Web服务和工作流技术的原理和特点,分析两种技术结合的可能性,然后参照工作流管理联盟提出的参考模型,结合实际完成一个工作流管理系统的具体分析与设计,提出了一种基于Web服务的工作流管理系统框架体系结构,基于Web服务的工作流管理系统对封装成Web服务的企业业务活动进行调用和控制,使得Internet范围的业务活动的交互更加简单和方便,提高了工作流管理系统的柔性,并通过分析系统体系结构对工作流引擎、工作流引擎数据库进行了功能分析设计与实现。
文章最后以ERP库存子系统为实现对象,采用微软.NET平台,把工作流、Web服务等技术设计运用于项目管理信息系统中,从工作流角度细化了业务流程,详细分析设计了系统的工作流程,并实现了系统的功能。将工作流和Web服务技术结合到ERP系统中,提高了企业的组织水平和工作效率,增强了系统的可重构性、可扩展性,使系统获得了更好的柔性。
Workflow management system is a tool to realize computer-assisted collaboration work, which can realize the automatically management of workflow entirely or partially. The system can realize the computer assistant controlling based on specific customized working process. The application of workflow management system will not only facilitate the standardization of working specification but also benefit the proper distribution of personnel, resources, and the supervision of the working process etc.
Web service is a new generation of Web application, and is a kind of software groupware that can be visited through the open Internet protocol, which represents the integration of groupware technology and Web technology. Because of such advantages as open, interoperability, and the language and platform independence, Web service has been the first solution in heterogeneous system integration field.
This paper first analyzed the characteristics of the existing workflow management system and the development trend of Web service. Based on the principle and the characteristics of Web service and workflow, the possibility of combining the two techniques are studied. The paper designs and realizes a workflow management system according to the reference model presented by Workflow Management Coalition and a workflow management system architecture based on Web service is put forward. Enterprise activities which are encapsulated into Web service are called and controlled by the workflow management system based on Web service, which make the business activities on the Internet more convenient and improve the flexibility of workflow management system. And through the analyzing on the system’s architecture, the function of workflow engine and workflow engine database are designed and realized.
Finally, with ERP subsystem being made as the object of realization, this paper uses Microsoft.NET as a platform, and such technological designs as work flow and web service are applied in project management information system. Business flow is got specific from the perspective of work flow, and work process of the system is minutely analyzed and designed, with the realization of the system’s function. The integration of work flow and web service into ERP system enhances enterprise’s organizing level and work efficiency, and meanwhile boosts the system’s capability of being rebuilt and extended, so as to make the system more flexible.
Web服务是新一代的Web应用程序,是一类通过开放的Internet协议访问的软件组件,它代表了组件技术和Web技术的结合。Web服务以其开放良好的互操作性、跨语言和跨平台等优点,成为解决异构系统集成的首选。
本文首先分析了现有工作流管理系统的特点以及当前Web服务发展的新趋势,研究了当前Web服务和工作流技术的原理和特点,分析两种技术结合的可能性,然后参照工作流管理联盟提出的参考模型,结合实际完成一个工作流管理系统的具体分析与设计,提出了一种基于Web服务的工作流管理系统框架体系结构,基于Web服务的工作流管理系统对封装成Web服务的企业业务活动进行调用和控制,使得Internet范围的业务活动的交互更加简单和方便,提高了工作流管理系统的柔性,并通过分析系统体系结构对工作流引擎、工作流引擎数据库进行了功能分析设计与实现。
文章最后以ERP库存子系统为实现对象,采用微软.NET平台,把工作流、Web服务等技术设计运用于项目管理信息系统中,从工作流角度细化了业务流程,详细分析设计了系统的工作流程,并实现了系统的功能。将工作流和Web服务技术结合到ERP系统中,提高了企业的组织水平和工作效率,增强了系统的可重构性、可扩展性,使系统获得了更好的柔性。
Workflow management system is a tool to realize computer-assisted collaboration work, which can realize the automatically management of workflow entirely or partially. The system can realize the computer assistant controlling based on specific customized working process. The application of workflow management system will not only facilitate the standardization of working specification but also benefit the proper distribution of personnel, resources, and the supervision of the working process etc.
Web service is a new generation of Web application, and is a kind of software groupware that can be visited through the open Internet protocol, which represents the integration of groupware technology and Web technology. Because of such advantages as open, interoperability, and the language and platform independence, Web service has been the first solution in heterogeneous system integration field.
This paper first analyzed the characteristics of the existing workflow management system and the development trend of Web service. Based on the principle and the characteristics of Web service and workflow, the possibility of combining the two techniques are studied. The paper designs and realizes a workflow management system according to the reference model presented by Workflow Management Coalition and a workflow management system architecture based on Web service is put forward. Enterprise activities which are encapsulated into Web service are called and controlled by the workflow management system based on Web service, which make the business activities on the Internet more convenient and improve the flexibility of workflow management system. And through the analyzing on the system’s architecture, the function of workflow engine and workflow engine database are designed and realized.
Finally, with ERP subsystem being made as the object of realization, this paper uses Microsoft.NET as a platform, and such technological designs as work flow and web service are applied in project management information system. Business flow is got specific from the perspective of work flow, and work process of the system is minutely analyzed and designed, with the realization of the system’s function. The integration of work flow and web service into ERP system enhances enterprise’s organizing level and work efficiency, and meanwhile boosts the system’s capability of being rebuilt and extended, so as to make the system more flexible.
引文
[1] 范玉顺.工作流管理技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001,30-105
[2] 史美林,杨光信,向勇.WFMS:工作流管理系统[J].计算机学报,1999,22(3):325-334
[3] 张洪山,殷人昆,张素琴.基于 Web 的工作流引擎设计[J].计算机工程,2004,30(4):83-85
[4] 柴晓路. Web Services 技术、架构和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,70-81
[5] 阿斯特著,王建民,等译.工作流管理:模型方法和系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,19-105
[6] G. Doumeingts, Y. Ducq, B. Vallespir, et al. Production management and enterprise modeling[J].Computers Industry, 2000,42(2-3): 245-263
[7] N. C. Narendra. Flexible Support and Management of Adaptive Workflow Processes[J]. Information Systems Frontiers,2004,6(3):247-262
[8] 江涛,黄力芹.工作流管理的现状和未来趋势[J].小型微型计算机系统,2001,2(10):232-235
[9] 廖军,谭浩.新一代开放分布式处理技术-web services[J].计算机应用,2004,24(8):5-9
[10] J.Cardoso, A. Sheth, J. Mille, et al. Quality of service for workflows and Web service processes[J]. Journal of Web Semantics, 2004,1(3):281-308
[11] 赵刚,杨宗凯.基于工作流和 Web 技术的 OA 系统设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,3(2):359-364
[12] P. Grafen, K. Aberer, Y. Hoffner, H. Ludwig. Cross-Flow: Cross-Organizational workflow management in dynamic virtual enterprises [J]. Int’l Journal of Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 2000,15(5):277-290
[13] W.M.P. van der Aalst. Formalization and Verification of Event-driven Process Chains[J]. Information and software Technology, 1999,40(10):639-650
[14] Georgakoplous D, Hornick M, Sheth A. An overview of workflow management from process modeling to workflow automation infrastructure[J]. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1995,3(2):119-152.
[15] 李达,杨宗凯,盛戈歆.基于 Web Service 的工作流管理系统框架[J].高性能计算技术,2004,13(2):61-64
[16] 刘道斌,等.基于工作流状态的动态访问控制[J].计算机研究与发展,2003,40(3):417-421
[17] 陈娟娟.基于角色-任务的工作流系统存取控制模型[D]. 华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2003,30-50
[18] 王嘉,程学先.一种基于 MVC 架构的工作流管理系统的实现[J].软件导刊,2007,7(8):22-23
[19] Ali Sharifnia, Michael Caramanis, Stanley B. Gershwin. Dynamic setup scheduling and flow control in manufacturing systems[J]. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems,1991,1(2):149-175
[20] 赵磊.基于活动图的工作流建模及验证技术研究[D]. 复旦大学硕士学位论文,2004,35-50
[21] 刘宁波,王建良,姜华.基于 Web Services 工作流管理系统的研究与应用[J].计算机技术与发展,2007,9(9):234-235
[22] 王乃平,王红,马海菊.基于 Web 的工作流技术在企业中的应用[J]. 微计算机信息,2007,23(9):28-29
[23] 谭浩,等.基于 BPEL4WS 的工作流平台的设计和实现[J].计算机应用,2006,26(6):1245-1247
[24] 段修亭.工作流过程建模合理性分析与应用[D]. 河海大学硕士学位论文,2005,32-40
[25] Frank P.Coyle 著,袁勤勇,莫青,等译.XML、Web 服务和数据革命[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,50-180
[26] 姜宏,寇纪凇,李敏强. ERP 中应用事件参与模型的动态企业建模构想[J].天津大学学报,2001,34 (1):115-118
[27] 赵久梁,颜云辉,陆连运.工作流技术以及其与 ERP 系统的集成研究[J].现代情报,2007,6(6):185-190
[28] 吴建苗.动态企业建模技术实现及其在 ERP 中的应用[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2000,27(4):424-43
[29] 周室屏.企业资源计划(ERP)实施与应用[M].北京:兵器出版社,2002,55-67
[30] 罗鸿.ERP 原理、设计、实施[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,25-50
[31] 曾月,范玉顺.基于 COM 和 ASP 技术的工作流管理系统的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,38(1):241-244
[32] 徐建军,谭庆平,杨艳萍.一种基于 J2EE 的工作流引擎体系结构[J].计算机应用,2005,25(2):469-471
[33] Kevin Hoffman,等著,汪钟鸣、战晓苏译..NET Framework 高级编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002,150-176
[34] R.Tolksdof. Workspaces: a Web-based workflow management system[J]. InternetComputing,2002,6(5):18-26
[35] 胡春华,吴敏,刘国平,徐德智.一种基于业务生成图的 Web 服务工作流构造方法[J]. 软件学报,2007,18(8) :1871-1877
[36] Allen R.Workflow: An introduction[J]. Information Systems,2001,103(2):32-39
[37] 任国栋,施化吉.基于工作流图的办公自动化系统及其实现[J].计算机应用,2002,8(6):85-90
[38] 汪若菡.ERP 中国企业成败实录[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,20-98
[39] A.H.M Hofstede, M.E.Orlowska, J.Rajapakse. Verification Problems in Conceptual Workflow Specifications[J].Data and Knowledge Engineering,1998,24(3):239-256
[40] Claus Hagen, Member. Exception handling in workflow-driven web applications [J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 2000, 26(10):943-958
[41] 陶望龙,邵新宇,张国军,等.Web 环境下基于表单的工作流管理系统研究[J].计算机应用研究,2003,20(12):55-57
[2] 史美林,杨光信,向勇.WFMS:工作流管理系统[J].计算机学报,1999,22(3):325-334
[3] 张洪山,殷人昆,张素琴.基于 Web 的工作流引擎设计[J].计算机工程,2004,30(4):83-85
[4] 柴晓路. Web Services 技术、架构和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,70-81
[5] 阿斯特著,王建民,等译.工作流管理:模型方法和系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,19-105
[6] G. Doumeingts, Y. Ducq, B. Vallespir, et al. Production management and enterprise modeling[J].Computers Industry, 2000,42(2-3): 245-263
[7] N. C. Narendra. Flexible Support and Management of Adaptive Workflow Processes[J]. Information Systems Frontiers,2004,6(3):247-262
[8] 江涛,黄力芹.工作流管理的现状和未来趋势[J].小型微型计算机系统,2001,2(10):232-235
[9] 廖军,谭浩.新一代开放分布式处理技术-web services[J].计算机应用,2004,24(8):5-9
[10] J.Cardoso, A. Sheth, J. Mille, et al. Quality of service for workflows and Web service processes[J]. Journal of Web Semantics, 2004,1(3):281-308
[11] 赵刚,杨宗凯.基于工作流和 Web 技术的 OA 系统设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,3(2):359-364
[12] P. Grafen, K. Aberer, Y. Hoffner, H. Ludwig. Cross-Flow: Cross-Organizational workflow management in dynamic virtual enterprises [J]. Int’l Journal of Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 2000,15(5):277-290
[13] W.M.P. van der Aalst. Formalization and Verification of Event-driven Process Chains[J]. Information and software Technology, 1999,40(10):639-650
[14] Georgakoplous D, Hornick M, Sheth A. An overview of workflow management from process modeling to workflow automation infrastructure[J]. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1995,3(2):119-152.
[15] 李达,杨宗凯,盛戈歆.基于 Web Service 的工作流管理系统框架[J].高性能计算技术,2004,13(2):61-64
[16] 刘道斌,等.基于工作流状态的动态访问控制[J].计算机研究与发展,2003,40(3):417-421
[17] 陈娟娟.基于角色-任务的工作流系统存取控制模型[D]. 华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2003,30-50
[18] 王嘉,程学先.一种基于 MVC 架构的工作流管理系统的实现[J].软件导刊,2007,7(8):22-23
[19] Ali Sharifnia, Michael Caramanis, Stanley B. Gershwin. Dynamic setup scheduling and flow control in manufacturing systems[J]. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems,1991,1(2):149-175
[20] 赵磊.基于活动图的工作流建模及验证技术研究[D]. 复旦大学硕士学位论文,2004,35-50
[21] 刘宁波,王建良,姜华.基于 Web Services 工作流管理系统的研究与应用[J].计算机技术与发展,2007,9(9):234-235
[22] 王乃平,王红,马海菊.基于 Web 的工作流技术在企业中的应用[J]. 微计算机信息,2007,23(9):28-29
[23] 谭浩,等.基于 BPEL4WS 的工作流平台的设计和实现[J].计算机应用,2006,26(6):1245-1247
[24] 段修亭.工作流过程建模合理性分析与应用[D]. 河海大学硕士学位论文,2005,32-40
[25] Frank P.Coyle 著,袁勤勇,莫青,等译.XML、Web 服务和数据革命[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,50-180
[26] 姜宏,寇纪凇,李敏强. ERP 中应用事件参与模型的动态企业建模构想[J].天津大学学报,2001,34 (1):115-118
[27] 赵久梁,颜云辉,陆连运.工作流技术以及其与 ERP 系统的集成研究[J].现代情报,2007,6(6):185-190
[28] 吴建苗.动态企业建模技术实现及其在 ERP 中的应用[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2000,27(4):424-43
[29] 周室屏.企业资源计划(ERP)实施与应用[M].北京:兵器出版社,2002,55-67
[30] 罗鸿.ERP 原理、设计、实施[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,25-50
[31] 曾月,范玉顺.基于 COM 和 ASP 技术的工作流管理系统的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,38(1):241-244
[32] 徐建军,谭庆平,杨艳萍.一种基于 J2EE 的工作流引擎体系结构[J].计算机应用,2005,25(2):469-471
[33] Kevin Hoffman,等著,汪钟鸣、战晓苏译..NET Framework 高级编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002,150-176
[34] R.Tolksdof. Workspaces: a Web-based workflow management system[J]. InternetComputing,2002,6(5):18-26
[35] 胡春华,吴敏,刘国平,徐德智.一种基于业务生成图的 Web 服务工作流构造方法[J]. 软件学报,2007,18(8) :1871-1877
[36] Allen R.Workflow: An introduction[J]. Information Systems,2001,103(2):32-39
[37] 任国栋,施化吉.基于工作流图的办公自动化系统及其实现[J].计算机应用,2002,8(6):85-90
[38] 汪若菡.ERP 中国企业成败实录[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,20-98
[39] A.H.M Hofstede, M.E.Orlowska, J.Rajapakse. Verification Problems in Conceptual Workflow Specifications[J].Data and Knowledge Engineering,1998,24(3):239-256
[40] Claus Hagen, Member. Exception handling in workflow-driven web applications [J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 2000, 26(10):943-958
[41] 陶望龙,邵新宇,张国军,等.Web 环境下基于表单的工作流管理系统研究[J].计算机应用研究,2003,20(12):55-57