江西冷水坑斑岩型银铅锌矿床成矿作用研究
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摘要
江西冷水坑银铅锌矿床是国内外少见的最具代表性的斑岩型银铅锌矿床。与斑岩型铜(钼)矿床不同,国外并不存在公认的斑岩型铅锌矿床。目前,斑岩型铜(钼)矿床的研究程度已经很高,而对于斑岩型银铅锌矿床而言还比较低,至今仍没有开展过深入系统的研究工作,且对于两种斑岩型矿床产生成矿元素Ag-Pb-Zn与Cu-Mo差异的原因,至今未明。
本文以板块构造理论为指导,在野外调查和前人工作成果基础上,采用现代矿床学研究方法,多种学科相结合,应用先进的测试方法和技术,对斑岩型银铅锌矿床的构造控制、含矿岩浆起源及形成机制、成矿物质来源、成矿流体系统、矿化系统等方面进行了较为系统的研究工作。
冷水坑银铅锌矿区地处扬子板块与华南板块拼接带南侧,华南褶皱带武夷隆起区北西部,浪岗—月凤山火山盆地内,区域上受NE向加里东期鹰潭—安远大断裂和EW向广丰—萍乡深断裂带的复合控制。含矿花岗斑岩展布严格受区域性北东向大型走滑断裂—耳口-湖石断裂控制,侵位于侏罗系打鼓顶组及鹅湖岭组下段火山岩中。含矿斑岩为碱长花岗斑岩,属于钙碱性岩石系列,起源于该区武夷区基底变质岩,由上地壳物质重熔形成,属于S型花岗岩,并有少量下地壳物质参与。冷水坑矿区含矿斑岩SHRIMP锆石U—Pb年代学显示,成岩年龄为162Ma,形成于中侏罗世燕山中期,处于华北板块与华南板块碰撞造山晚期环境。
与典型的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床不同,矿区大量发育与矿化密切相关的“氢交代”蚀变以及大量的碳酸盐化蚀变,蚀变分带由岩体内向外分别为:绿泥石绢云母化带、绢云母化碳酸盐化和碳酸盐化绢云母化带。蚀变作用表现形式以全岩蚀变和选择交代蚀变为主;斑岩型矿体主要为银矿体、铅锌矿体、金矿体、铜矿体等,以银矿体、铅锌矿体为主,金矿体及铜矿体分布零散。矿体多呈透镜状产于花岗斑岩前缘带、主体带及接触带附近,部分产于岩体近根部带及外带火山岩中,产状与花岗斑岩产状一致。矿石类型以银矿石、铅锌矿石、铜矿石、铁锰银矿石、铁锰铅锌矿石为主,构造类型为浸染状、细脉状、细脉浸染状、脉状、块状,矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、螺状硫银矿、自然银、黄铜矿、菱锰铁矿、磁铁矿、硫银锡矿、深红银矿、自然金等。矿化主要发生在中低温阶段,且具有一定的分带性,自岩体内向外发育铜金矿化-铅锌矿化-银铅锌矿化,并与蚀变分带相对应。从成矿早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体的温度、盐度不断降低,且有大气水不断加入,成矿流体与成矿物质主要来源于斑岩岩浆体系。
含矿斑岩绢云母Ar-Ar同位素测年得出,冷水坑银铅锌矿的成矿时间为162Ma,与含矿斑岩形成时间一致,成岩成矿关系密切。通过与斑岩型铜(钼)矿床进行综合对比,认为产生斑岩型矿床不同矿化特点的原因在于含矿斑岩岩浆的起源地及源区性质的差异,这也是导致两种矿床含矿斑岩特征、围岩蚀变系统、成矿流体体系等差异的根源,最终建立冷水坑矿区成矿模型。
The Lengshuikeng porphyry silver-lead-zinc deposit in Jiangxi province is the most representative one which is very rare in world wide. It is different from the porphyry copper(molybdenum) deposits for that the porphyry silver-lead-zinc deposit is not a common recognition one. Research on the porphyry copper(molybdenum) deposit is very matured, but it is quite weak regarding to research on the porphyry silver-lead-zinc deposits. The key problem is that the reasons for different mineralization between Ag-Pb-Zn and Cu-Mo elements, which remain unknown until now.
Based on previously published data on the Lengshuikeng deposit, the author carried on field investigation and studies on deposit geochronology, lithogeochemistry, isotopic geochemistry and inclusion geochemistry of the deposit. The dissertation discusses aspect of structure control on the Lengshuikeng porphyry deposits, the origin of Cu-beared magmas and mechanism of ore-forming materials and evolution of the ore forming.
The porphyry silver, lead, zinc deposit in Lengshuikeng is located in southern of splicing belt of the Yangtz and the South China tectonic plate, where suited in Langgang-Yuefengshan volcanic basin of northwest Wuyi upwelling area in south of China. The district were controlled by compound fault that Northeast big fault of Yingtan-Anyuan and East to west deep fault of Guangfeng-Pingxiang in Caledonian epoch. Distribution of ore-bearing granite-porphyry were strictly controlled by Erkou-Hushi fault, which is a big Northeast strike-slip fault in the district, and the granite-porphyry were emplaced in volcanic rocks which was located in bottom member of Daguling group and Erhuling group in Jurassic system. The chronology study of zircon U-Pb by SHRIMP to ore-bearing granite-porphyry show that the diagenetic age was 162Ma, in middle of Yanshan epoch of Jurassic system, when was in late of collision to orogenic tectonic surrounding. The ore-bearing porphyry is alkali-feldspar granite-porphyry, which belong to calc-alkalic rock. The research on trace elements and rare earth elements show that the ore-bearing granite-porphyry, intrusive vein rock and the surrounding rock-volcanic rocks of late Jurassic system, all of them origin from remelting of crustal rocks, so they were granite of sedimentary style, it is obvious different from typical ore-bearing granite of the porphyry copper. Research on characteristics of isotope of Pb, Sr, Nd, O, Hf system of ore-bearing granite-porphyry show that rocks origin from metamorphic rocks in basement of Wuyi district, which formed by remelting of upper crustal material. Difference from typical porphyry copper(Molybdenum) deposit, the ore field have much alteration of hydrogen metasomatism which relative to mineralization and carbonation alteration, the mineralization mainly occured in middle-low temperature stage.
The mineralizing fluid of porphyry silver, lead, zinc deposit in Lengshuikeng belong to CaSO_4 (MgCl_2) -NaCl-KCl-H_2O magmatic hydrothermal system, the fluid system have characteristics of middle-low temperature and middle-low salinity. The mineralizing fluid composition of isotope of hydrogen oxygen, carbon oxygen, sulfur and lead show that the fluid origin from magmas of granite-porphyry, there are meteoric water mixed during the mineralization, the ore-forming material mainly came from magmas system of porphyry rocks.
Study on chronology of sericite by Ar-Ar method show that the metallogenetic epoch of the deposits was 162Ma, it is same as the chronology of ore-bearing porphyry rocks and the time of mineralization maybe continued limit to 27Ma. By analysis the characteristics of mineralization, ore-control factor, geophysical and geochemical prospecting index, the author primary summarized the prospecting model of porphyry silver, lead, zinc deposit in Lengshuikeng mine field.
Synthesis contrast to the porphyry silver, lead, zinc deposit in Lengshuikeng with the most of porphyry copper(Molybdenum) deposit in the world, the author think that the reason for occurring different mineralization of porphyry ore deposit is that the source of porphyry magma and character of the source is different, which is also the key factor for the difference of character of ore-bearing porphyry rocks, alteration system of surrounding rocks and mineralizing fluid of two kind porphyry ore deposit.
本文以板块构造理论为指导,在野外调查和前人工作成果基础上,采用现代矿床学研究方法,多种学科相结合,应用先进的测试方法和技术,对斑岩型银铅锌矿床的构造控制、含矿岩浆起源及形成机制、成矿物质来源、成矿流体系统、矿化系统等方面进行了较为系统的研究工作。
冷水坑银铅锌矿区地处扬子板块与华南板块拼接带南侧,华南褶皱带武夷隆起区北西部,浪岗—月凤山火山盆地内,区域上受NE向加里东期鹰潭—安远大断裂和EW向广丰—萍乡深断裂带的复合控制。含矿花岗斑岩展布严格受区域性北东向大型走滑断裂—耳口-湖石断裂控制,侵位于侏罗系打鼓顶组及鹅湖岭组下段火山岩中。含矿斑岩为碱长花岗斑岩,属于钙碱性岩石系列,起源于该区武夷区基底变质岩,由上地壳物质重熔形成,属于S型花岗岩,并有少量下地壳物质参与。冷水坑矿区含矿斑岩SHRIMP锆石U—Pb年代学显示,成岩年龄为162Ma,形成于中侏罗世燕山中期,处于华北板块与华南板块碰撞造山晚期环境。
与典型的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床不同,矿区大量发育与矿化密切相关的“氢交代”蚀变以及大量的碳酸盐化蚀变,蚀变分带由岩体内向外分别为:绿泥石绢云母化带、绢云母化碳酸盐化和碳酸盐化绢云母化带。蚀变作用表现形式以全岩蚀变和选择交代蚀变为主;斑岩型矿体主要为银矿体、铅锌矿体、金矿体、铜矿体等,以银矿体、铅锌矿体为主,金矿体及铜矿体分布零散。矿体多呈透镜状产于花岗斑岩前缘带、主体带及接触带附近,部分产于岩体近根部带及外带火山岩中,产状与花岗斑岩产状一致。矿石类型以银矿石、铅锌矿石、铜矿石、铁锰银矿石、铁锰铅锌矿石为主,构造类型为浸染状、细脉状、细脉浸染状、脉状、块状,矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、螺状硫银矿、自然银、黄铜矿、菱锰铁矿、磁铁矿、硫银锡矿、深红银矿、自然金等。矿化主要发生在中低温阶段,且具有一定的分带性,自岩体内向外发育铜金矿化-铅锌矿化-银铅锌矿化,并与蚀变分带相对应。从成矿早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体的温度、盐度不断降低,且有大气水不断加入,成矿流体与成矿物质主要来源于斑岩岩浆体系。
含矿斑岩绢云母Ar-Ar同位素测年得出,冷水坑银铅锌矿的成矿时间为162Ma,与含矿斑岩形成时间一致,成岩成矿关系密切。通过与斑岩型铜(钼)矿床进行综合对比,认为产生斑岩型矿床不同矿化特点的原因在于含矿斑岩岩浆的起源地及源区性质的差异,这也是导致两种矿床含矿斑岩特征、围岩蚀变系统、成矿流体体系等差异的根源,最终建立冷水坑矿区成矿模型。
The Lengshuikeng porphyry silver-lead-zinc deposit in Jiangxi province is the most representative one which is very rare in world wide. It is different from the porphyry copper(molybdenum) deposits for that the porphyry silver-lead-zinc deposit is not a common recognition one. Research on the porphyry copper(molybdenum) deposit is very matured, but it is quite weak regarding to research on the porphyry silver-lead-zinc deposits. The key problem is that the reasons for different mineralization between Ag-Pb-Zn and Cu-Mo elements, which remain unknown until now.
Based on previously published data on the Lengshuikeng deposit, the author carried on field investigation and studies on deposit geochronology, lithogeochemistry, isotopic geochemistry and inclusion geochemistry of the deposit. The dissertation discusses aspect of structure control on the Lengshuikeng porphyry deposits, the origin of Cu-beared magmas and mechanism of ore-forming materials and evolution of the ore forming.
The porphyry silver, lead, zinc deposit in Lengshuikeng is located in southern of splicing belt of the Yangtz and the South China tectonic plate, where suited in Langgang-Yuefengshan volcanic basin of northwest Wuyi upwelling area in south of China. The district were controlled by compound fault that Northeast big fault of Yingtan-Anyuan and East to west deep fault of Guangfeng-Pingxiang in Caledonian epoch. Distribution of ore-bearing granite-porphyry were strictly controlled by Erkou-Hushi fault, which is a big Northeast strike-slip fault in the district, and the granite-porphyry were emplaced in volcanic rocks which was located in bottom member of Daguling group and Erhuling group in Jurassic system. The chronology study of zircon U-Pb by SHRIMP to ore-bearing granite-porphyry show that the diagenetic age was 162Ma, in middle of Yanshan epoch of Jurassic system, when was in late of collision to orogenic tectonic surrounding. The ore-bearing porphyry is alkali-feldspar granite-porphyry, which belong to calc-alkalic rock. The research on trace elements and rare earth elements show that the ore-bearing granite-porphyry, intrusive vein rock and the surrounding rock-volcanic rocks of late Jurassic system, all of them origin from remelting of crustal rocks, so they were granite of sedimentary style, it is obvious different from typical ore-bearing granite of the porphyry copper. Research on characteristics of isotope of Pb, Sr, Nd, O, Hf system of ore-bearing granite-porphyry show that rocks origin from metamorphic rocks in basement of Wuyi district, which formed by remelting of upper crustal material. Difference from typical porphyry copper(Molybdenum) deposit, the ore field have much alteration of hydrogen metasomatism which relative to mineralization and carbonation alteration, the mineralization mainly occured in middle-low temperature stage.
The mineralizing fluid of porphyry silver, lead, zinc deposit in Lengshuikeng belong to CaSO_4 (MgCl_2) -NaCl-KCl-H_2O magmatic hydrothermal system, the fluid system have characteristics of middle-low temperature and middle-low salinity. The mineralizing fluid composition of isotope of hydrogen oxygen, carbon oxygen, sulfur and lead show that the fluid origin from magmas of granite-porphyry, there are meteoric water mixed during the mineralization, the ore-forming material mainly came from magmas system of porphyry rocks.
Study on chronology of sericite by Ar-Ar method show that the metallogenetic epoch of the deposits was 162Ma, it is same as the chronology of ore-bearing porphyry rocks and the time of mineralization maybe continued limit to 27Ma. By analysis the characteristics of mineralization, ore-control factor, geophysical and geochemical prospecting index, the author primary summarized the prospecting model of porphyry silver, lead, zinc deposit in Lengshuikeng mine field.
Synthesis contrast to the porphyry silver, lead, zinc deposit in Lengshuikeng with the most of porphyry copper(Molybdenum) deposit in the world, the author think that the reason for occurring different mineralization of porphyry ore deposit is that the source of porphyry magma and character of the source is different, which is also the key factor for the difference of character of ore-bearing porphyry rocks, alteration system of surrounding rocks and mineralizing fluid of two kind porphyry ore deposit.
引文
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