土库曼斯坦查尔朱台阶超压形成机理及压力预测
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摘要
由于异常地层压力对钻探的巨大危害性,做好压力预测研究工作具有十分重要的意义。本文针对土库曼斯坦查尔朱台阶普遍存在的超压现象,选取部分三维地震资料为研究对象,结合相关的测井与地质资料,在查尔朱台阶开展了测井与地震技术联合压力预测的研究。
以地震资料数据处理方法为基础,分别从信噪比、垂向分辨率及偏移成像三方面对原始数据进行深入的分析研究,通过各方面的处理试验,确定了合理的方法与参数,从而提高了最终的成果质量,为层速度拾取的准确性奠定了基础。
地震层速度的建场方法是提高精度的必要途径。通过对地震速度谱的优化、井旁层速度的建立、浮动基准面的确定、沿层横向外推及速度拾取方法等方面的统合研究与运用,优化了地震层速度的建场方法,提高了利用地震资料进行层速度建场的精度。
分析超压形成机理,可以把握异常孔隙压力的基本分布格局,充分考虑引起压力异常的各种因素,从而更好地进行压力预测。在超压成因机理的研究基础上,分别从欠压实作用、区域性盐类沉积、构造挤压、成烃作用、水热膨胀、流体运移等方面对研究区的超压成因进行了综合分析,查明了查尔朱台阶主要的超压成因机制。
通过对研究区VSP资料、地震资料及地质结构的深入分析与研究,结合地层孔隙压力的计算方法,提出了查尔朱台阶地层孔隙压力预测的经验公式;并运用公式对研究区进行了压力预测,取得了较好的验证效果,为查尔朱台阶超压地层的预测提供了的理论依据。
Due to the harm of abnormal pressure to drilling, it’s important to do the pore pressure prediction study. Because of the far-ranging overpressure in Turkmenabat terrace in Turkmenistan, this dissertation gave a research of pressure prediction by combination of logging and seismic method by mean of 3D seismic data, relative logging and geological data.
On the basis of seismic data processing method, the original data from 3 aspects containing signal to noise ratio, vertical resolution and migration have been analyzed and studied. By all kinds of tests, the reasonable parameters are defined. Finally it has improved the processing quality, and prepared a good base for the precision of velocity picking.
The building method of interval velocity field is the necessary path to improve the precision of interval velocity. By studying and utilizing 6 aspects including the seismic semblance optimization, velocity on the well location setting up, floating datum definition, lateral extrapolation along the layer and velocity picking method, it optimized the building method of interval velocity field, and improved its precision by seismic data.
By studying the genetic mechanism of overpressure, it can grasp the basic distribution of abnormal pore pressure, and carry out the pressure prediction by considering all factors caused from abnormal pressure. On the basis of the genetic mechanism of overpressure study, the cause of overpressure in the studying zone from 6 aspects has been comprehensively analyzed, which contains undercompaction, territorial salt sediment, tectonic extrusion, hydrocarbon creation, water heated expanding and hydrocarbon migration, it found out the genetic mechanism of overpressure in Turkmenabat terrace.
By analyzing and studying the VSP, seismic data and geological structure in studying zone, combining the calculation method of stratum pore pressure prediction, it puts forward the experience formula in Turkmenabat terrace. The pressure prediction was carried out in the studying zone and got a good validating result. It provided the theoretical foundation for stratum overpressure prediction.
以地震资料数据处理方法为基础,分别从信噪比、垂向分辨率及偏移成像三方面对原始数据进行深入的分析研究,通过各方面的处理试验,确定了合理的方法与参数,从而提高了最终的成果质量,为层速度拾取的准确性奠定了基础。
地震层速度的建场方法是提高精度的必要途径。通过对地震速度谱的优化、井旁层速度的建立、浮动基准面的确定、沿层横向外推及速度拾取方法等方面的统合研究与运用,优化了地震层速度的建场方法,提高了利用地震资料进行层速度建场的精度。
分析超压形成机理,可以把握异常孔隙压力的基本分布格局,充分考虑引起压力异常的各种因素,从而更好地进行压力预测。在超压成因机理的研究基础上,分别从欠压实作用、区域性盐类沉积、构造挤压、成烃作用、水热膨胀、流体运移等方面对研究区的超压成因进行了综合分析,查明了查尔朱台阶主要的超压成因机制。
通过对研究区VSP资料、地震资料及地质结构的深入分析与研究,结合地层孔隙压力的计算方法,提出了查尔朱台阶地层孔隙压力预测的经验公式;并运用公式对研究区进行了压力预测,取得了较好的验证效果,为查尔朱台阶超压地层的预测提供了的理论依据。
Due to the harm of abnormal pressure to drilling, it’s important to do the pore pressure prediction study. Because of the far-ranging overpressure in Turkmenabat terrace in Turkmenistan, this dissertation gave a research of pressure prediction by combination of logging and seismic method by mean of 3D seismic data, relative logging and geological data.
On the basis of seismic data processing method, the original data from 3 aspects containing signal to noise ratio, vertical resolution and migration have been analyzed and studied. By all kinds of tests, the reasonable parameters are defined. Finally it has improved the processing quality, and prepared a good base for the precision of velocity picking.
The building method of interval velocity field is the necessary path to improve the precision of interval velocity. By studying and utilizing 6 aspects including the seismic semblance optimization, velocity on the well location setting up, floating datum definition, lateral extrapolation along the layer and velocity picking method, it optimized the building method of interval velocity field, and improved its precision by seismic data.
By studying the genetic mechanism of overpressure, it can grasp the basic distribution of abnormal pore pressure, and carry out the pressure prediction by considering all factors caused from abnormal pressure. On the basis of the genetic mechanism of overpressure study, the cause of overpressure in the studying zone from 6 aspects has been comprehensively analyzed, which contains undercompaction, territorial salt sediment, tectonic extrusion, hydrocarbon creation, water heated expanding and hydrocarbon migration, it found out the genetic mechanism of overpressure in Turkmenabat terrace.
By analyzing and studying the VSP, seismic data and geological structure in studying zone, combining the calculation method of stratum pore pressure prediction, it puts forward the experience formula in Turkmenabat terrace. The pressure prediction was carried out in the studying zone and got a good validating result. It provided the theoretical foundation for stratum overpressure prediction.
引文
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