芳香化合物地球化学录井技术的理论与方法研究
|
摘要
录井是油气勘探的重要环节,是识别油气层的主要手段之一。建立任何提高油气层判别率方法都是对录井技术的重大贡献,同时,新方法在勘探中的使用也将产生巨大的经济效益。就目前油层识别的录井技术而言,纯油层与干/水层之间的判识难度较小,错漏判的情况发生几率也比较小。但是,油层与油水同层、油水同层与水层,特别是油水同层中的含水油层与含油水层之间的判识难度较大,存在的问题也比较多,实际钻探中经常发生错漏判的情况。因此,为了降低勘探成本,在油水分布比较复杂的地区,急需提高对油水同层的识别能力,降低错漏判率。
石油的组成与其形成、演化和保存有着必然联系。原油中的饱和烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质,都包含着特定的地球化学信息。所以,从成藏的角度看,聚集起来的原油的组成,不但受烃类生成的影响,也会受到其运移、聚集和保存条件的控制。原油不同组分的分子结构和性质不同,在同一地质过程受到的影响程度不同,最终表现出的组分变化特征也会不同。对于同一地区同一层位的原油,由于有着相同或者相近的来源,原油组成的差别大小更主要地受运移、聚集和保存因素的影响。由于芳香化合物含有π键结构,使其比饱和烃(大庆原油最主要的组分)相对更容易溶解于水中,客观上就会造成纯油层、油水同层以及水层内芳香化合物在丰度、组成上的差异。因此,芳香化合物的分布有望成为解决识别油水同层问题的可靠载体。
本文选择油水分布复杂的松辽盆地西部地区为靶区,通过对原油样品和岩石样品的预处理方法研究,充分利用液相色谱仪对芳香化合物选择性检测的优势,并针对分析对象确定合适的流动相、进样量、检测波长等,以及样品物质峰的定性、定量方法。为了证实水的存在对芳香化合物分布的影响,考察了不同温度和不同油水比例情况下,原油萘菲系列化合物的浓度及组成变化规律,为有效地球化学指标的选择及流体性质判别图版的建立奠定了基础。在此基础上采用了常见的二维图的形式,用性质不同的两种指标作为图版的两个轴变量;采用双对数形式构建了6张产液性质评价图版。各图版综合对判率在81.1%～86.7%之间,平均达84.9%,错判率在13.3%～18.7%之间,平均仅为15.1%。明显好于常规录井技术。
Logging is an important step of exploration and one of the methods of discriminating oil reservoir and gas reservoir. Every method to enhance the persent of discriminating oil reservoir and gas reservoir is to contribute to logging technique, and also beneficial to exploration field. Meantime, new method to enhance the persent of discriminating oil reservoir and gas reservior is to contribute to logging technique, and also beneficial to exploration field. For the logging technique to discriminating oil, it is not difficult to discriminate between pure oil reservoir and pure water reservior, and the wrong persentage is small. But it is hard to distingguish between oil and oil-water reservior , between oil-water and water reservior, especially water-oil and oil-water reservior, and there are more questions, such as the wrong and missed discriminating in drilling. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the discriminating between water-oil and oil-water reservior in order to fall the wrong and missed persentage in the complex zone of distribution of water-oil and oil-water.Petroleum is related to the form, evolvement and preservation of it. The saturated hydrocarbons, arene, non hydrocarbon and bitumen are contained the special geochemical information. Therefore, petroleum component is influenced the form of hydrocarbons and the control of movement, collection and preservation. The different molecular structure and property is result in the different property in the same field. To the same district and horizon petroleum, the petroleum component is mostly imflenced the factor of movement, collection and preservation in order to the same and near source. On account of π bond, petroleum is prone to
solute to water, so it makes arene to the differece of abundence and component in the pure oil and oil-water reservoir. The distribution of arene is the reliable carrier of the discriminating the pure oil and oil-water reservoir.In this paper, aim to the west zone of songliao basin, which is complex distributing zone, by the confirm to the method of dispose the petroleum and rock sample, it is to detect arene by LC, and also to determinate the appropriate flowing phase, sample size, detection wavelength and the method of determination construction and quantity. To prove the influence of the distribution of water to aromatic compounds, it is to study of the influece of water to aromatic compounds and the law of the series compounds of naphthalene and phenanthrene in different temperature and action of water, which is based to the choice of efficient geochemistry index and the establishment to discriminate reservoir producing fluid property. It is also to establish six geochemistry charts, which use two different index by logarithm, to discriminate reservoir producing fluid property. The correct percentage is between 81.3% and 86.7% with the charts to discriminate the oil reservoir, water-oil reservoir, oil-water reservoir and water zone synthetically and the average percentage is 84.9%;the wrong percentage is between 13.3% and 18.7% and the average percentage is 18.1%, which is better than general logging methods.
石油的组成与其形成、演化和保存有着必然联系。原油中的饱和烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质,都包含着特定的地球化学信息。所以,从成藏的角度看,聚集起来的原油的组成,不但受烃类生成的影响,也会受到其运移、聚集和保存条件的控制。原油不同组分的分子结构和性质不同,在同一地质过程受到的影响程度不同,最终表现出的组分变化特征也会不同。对于同一地区同一层位的原油,由于有着相同或者相近的来源,原油组成的差别大小更主要地受运移、聚集和保存因素的影响。由于芳香化合物含有π键结构,使其比饱和烃(大庆原油最主要的组分)相对更容易溶解于水中,客观上就会造成纯油层、油水同层以及水层内芳香化合物在丰度、组成上的差异。因此,芳香化合物的分布有望成为解决识别油水同层问题的可靠载体。
本文选择油水分布复杂的松辽盆地西部地区为靶区,通过对原油样品和岩石样品的预处理方法研究,充分利用液相色谱仪对芳香化合物选择性检测的优势,并针对分析对象确定合适的流动相、进样量、检测波长等,以及样品物质峰的定性、定量方法。为了证实水的存在对芳香化合物分布的影响,考察了不同温度和不同油水比例情况下,原油萘菲系列化合物的浓度及组成变化规律,为有效地球化学指标的选择及流体性质判别图版的建立奠定了基础。在此基础上采用了常见的二维图的形式,用性质不同的两种指标作为图版的两个轴变量;采用双对数形式构建了6张产液性质评价图版。各图版综合对判率在81.1%～86.7%之间,平均达84.9%,错判率在13.3%～18.7%之间,平均仅为15.1%。明显好于常规录井技术。
Logging is an important step of exploration and one of the methods of discriminating oil reservoir and gas reservoir. Every method to enhance the persent of discriminating oil reservoir and gas reservoir is to contribute to logging technique, and also beneficial to exploration field. Meantime, new method to enhance the persent of discriminating oil reservoir and gas reservior is to contribute to logging technique, and also beneficial to exploration field. For the logging technique to discriminating oil, it is not difficult to discriminate between pure oil reservoir and pure water reservior, and the wrong persentage is small. But it is hard to distingguish between oil and oil-water reservior , between oil-water and water reservior, especially water-oil and oil-water reservior, and there are more questions, such as the wrong and missed discriminating in drilling. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the discriminating between water-oil and oil-water reservior in order to fall the wrong and missed persentage in the complex zone of distribution of water-oil and oil-water.Petroleum is related to the form, evolvement and preservation of it. The saturated hydrocarbons, arene, non hydrocarbon and bitumen are contained the special geochemical information. Therefore, petroleum component is influenced the form of hydrocarbons and the control of movement, collection and preservation. The different molecular structure and property is result in the different property in the same field. To the same district and horizon petroleum, the petroleum component is mostly imflenced the factor of movement, collection and preservation in order to the same and near source. On account of π bond, petroleum is prone to
solute to water, so it makes arene to the differece of abundence and component in the pure oil and oil-water reservoir. The distribution of arene is the reliable carrier of the discriminating the pure oil and oil-water reservoir.In this paper, aim to the west zone of songliao basin, which is complex distributing zone, by the confirm to the method of dispose the petroleum and rock sample, it is to detect arene by LC, and also to determinate the appropriate flowing phase, sample size, detection wavelength and the method of determination construction and quantity. To prove the influence of the distribution of water to aromatic compounds, it is to study of the influece of water to aromatic compounds and the law of the series compounds of naphthalene and phenanthrene in different temperature and action of water, which is based to the choice of efficient geochemistry index and the establishment to discriminate reservoir producing fluid property. It is also to establish six geochemistry charts, which use two different index by logarithm, to discriminate reservoir producing fluid property. The correct percentage is between 81.3% and 86.7% with the charts to discriminate the oil reservoir, water-oil reservoir, oil-water reservoir and water zone synthetically and the average percentage is 84.9%;the wrong percentage is between 13.3% and 18.7% and the average percentage is 18.1%, which is better than general logging methods.
引文
[1] 李斌,郑明德.地化录井技术在油气勘探应用中的探讨[J].录井技术,2000,11(2):6～13.
[2] England W A. The organic geochemistry of petroleum reservoirs[J]. Org Geochem, 1990, 16(3):415～425.
[3] Lafargue E, Barker C. Effect of water washing on crude oil composition[J].AAPG Bull, 1988, 72(2): 263～276.
[4] Kuo Lung-chuan. An experimental study of crude oil alteration in reservoir rocks by water washing[J]. Org Geochem, 1994, 21(4): 465～479.
[5] Karlsen D A, Larter S R. Analysis of petroleum friction by TLC-FID: Applications to petroleum reservoir description[J]. Org Geochem, 1991, 17: 603-617.
[6] Latter S R. Reservoir geochemistry: A link between reservoir geology and enginering. SPIE Reservoir Engineering, 1997, 12～17
[7] Ahsan S A, Karlsen D A, Mitchell A W, et al. Inter and intrafield hydrocarbon compositional variations in the Ula and the Gyda fields(Gentral Graben-north Sea): Implication for undersdanding the controls on hydrocarbon distribution within and between these fiels[J]. Org Geochem, 1998, 29:449～462.
[8] Palmer S E. Effect of water washing on C~+_(15) hydrocarbon fraction of crude oils from northwest Palawan, Philippines[J]. AAPG Bull, 1984, 68: 137～149.
[9] Lafargue E, Thiez P L. Effect of water washing on light end compositional heterogeneity [J]. Org Geochem, 1996, 24:1141～1150.
[10] Kaufman R L, Ahmed A S, Hempkins W B. A new technique for the analysis of commingled oils and its application to production allocation calculations, Proceedings of the sixteenth annual convention of the Indonesian Petroleum Associatin, 1987.
[11] 刘洛夫,王伟华,毛东风,等.中国油气地球化学理论研究进展.地质论评,1997,(1).
[12] 张敏,张俊.水洗作用对油藏中烃类组成的影响[J].地球化学,2000,29(3):287～292.
[13] 王振平,曲佳燕,卢双舫.原油中萘菲系列化合物的分布与油藏聚集途径[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(3):5～8
[14] 王振平,付晓泰,卢双舫,等.合采油井产量贡献液相色谱监洲法[J].地球化学,2000,29(3): 297～301
[15] 朗东升,岳兴举等.石油工业出版社.油气水层定量评价录井新技术,77～79
[16] 王振平,张春雷等.采油过程中原油萘、菲系列浓度变化规律[J].大庆石油学院,2001,25(2):1～4.
[17] 李金顺,纪伟.油气层录井综合评价概述[J].录井技术,2003,14(2):7～17.
[18] 李玉桓,李长宏,夏亮.油藏地球化学研究进[J].录井技术,1999,10(4):10～14
[19] 王佑宁.PDC钻头条件下岩性识别新技术探讨[J].录井技术,2003,14(4):1～7
[20] 张殿强,李联玮.地质录井方法与技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[21] 张济新,孙海霖,朱明华.仪器分析实验.北京:高等教育出版社,1994,5
[22] 张向宇.实用化学手册.北京:国防工业出版社,1990,5
[23] 吴龙斌.气相色谱分析理论与应用[J].录井技术,1997,8(4):47～53
[24] 吴龙斌.高效液相色谱在录井中的应用前景探讨[J].录井技术,1999,10(4):15～20
[25] 王志战.核磁共振岩石物性录井技术新进展[J].录井技术,2002,13(2):8～16
[26] 王志战.国外核磁共振录井技术新进展[J].录井技术,2004,15(3):13-16
[27] 刘桂和,于永杰.开阔思路适应市场需求[J].录井技术,2002(11):32～36
[28] 杨光照,李成军,张宪军,等.利用热解气相色谱特征识别储集层流体性质.录井技术,2004,15(2):29～33
[29] 鲍征宇,李金跃.地球化学场分析方法与油气化探[J].石油勘探与开发,1997(12):41
[30] 巫正礼.论录井技术发展方向[J].录井技术,1998,9(4):4～12.
[31] 李武.综合油气地球化学录井技术研究与应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,12:42～44.
[32] Page Cheryl A, Bonner James S. Solubility of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil/water systems[J]. Marine chemistry, 2000, 7:79～87
[33] 李玉桓.地化录井评价生储油岩技术的应用及发展[J].录井技术通讯,1992,2:2～10
[34] 朗东升,岳兴举.油气水层定量评价录井新技术,石油工业出版社.21～23
[35] 李玉桓,朱宜南,郭双亭.荧光图像技术判断油层水淹状况研究[J].录井技术,2002(2):1～5
[36] 宋继梅,邓平.荧光分析法在综合录井中的应用[J].石油勘测与开发,2000,10:53～55.
[37] 王琪全,刘维屏等.农药正辛醇/水分配系数的测定方法及其他环境参数的相关性[J].环境污染与防止,1997,12:23～27.
[38] 液相色谱法研究油藏中萘菲系列分布规律及其应用[M],大庆石油学院,2001
[39] 傅献彩,沈文霞,姚天扬.物理化学(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1990
[40] 杨万里等.松辽盆地陆相油藏生成运移和聚集,哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1985.
[41] 梅博文译.储层地球化学,西安:西北大学出版社,1992.
[42] 杜壬子等,油藏地球化学进展,西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1996.
[43] J.M.丘比特,W.A.英格兰编,王铁冠,张枝焕译,油藏地球化学,北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[44] 杜壬子等,油气勘探与油藏地球化学,北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[45] 王振平,王子文.轻烃地球化学场与油气勘探,北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[46] 郭学增,录井前言课程及展望[J].录井技术,2000,11(3):1～5.
[47] 钟宁宁,张枝焕.石油地球化学进展.北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[48] 杨万里.松辽盆地石油地质.北京:石油工业出版社,1985
[49] 杨万里等.松辽盆地陆相油藏生成运移和聚集,哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1985.
[50] 大庆石油地质志编写编.中国石油地质志卷二(大庆油田),北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[51] 大庆油田采油九厂,龙虎泡油田高台子油层新增石油探明储量报告,1999.
[52] 张荻楠,金曙光,刘淑琴.龙虎泡地区高台子油层沉积及成岩作用对储层物性的影响.大庆石油地质与开发,1998,17(4).
[53] 付晓泰,王振平.地质样品芳烃液相色谱分析,分析测试与仪器,1992(2).
[54] 王振平等.泥岩盖层烃类垂向分布规律,石油学报,1996(2).
[55] 卢双舫等,煤成烃生成和运移芳烃产物特征及其意义,石油学报,1996(1).
[56] 王铁冠,张枝焕.油藏地球化学的理论和实践[J].科学通报,1997,42:2015～2017.
[57] 付晓泰,王振平,毕丽飞.用高效液相色谱法预测两油层合采过程中单层的产量分数.色谱,2000,18(4),318～321.
[58] 庞雄奇.排烃门限控油气理论与应用,北京:石油工业出版社,1995,52～53.
[59] 王振平,付晓泰,卢双舫,等.合采油井产量贡献液相色谱监测法.地球化学,2000,29(3):297～301.
[60] 邱玉娥,杨慧英译,赵铁成校.岩心、岩屑红外线光谱高效分析法[J].录井技术,1998(2):67
[61] 赵文款,贺飞等.仪器分析.北京:高等教育出版社:361
[62] 宋世谟,庄公惠,王正烈.物理化学(第三版上册).北京:高等教育出版社,1992:210
[63] 宋世谟,庄公惠,王正烈.物理化学(第三版下册).北京:高等教育出版社,1992:189
[2] England W A. The organic geochemistry of petroleum reservoirs[J]. Org Geochem, 1990, 16(3):415～425.
[3] Lafargue E, Barker C. Effect of water washing on crude oil composition[J].AAPG Bull, 1988, 72(2): 263～276.
[4] Kuo Lung-chuan. An experimental study of crude oil alteration in reservoir rocks by water washing[J]. Org Geochem, 1994, 21(4): 465～479.
[5] Karlsen D A, Larter S R. Analysis of petroleum friction by TLC-FID: Applications to petroleum reservoir description[J]. Org Geochem, 1991, 17: 603-617.
[6] Latter S R. Reservoir geochemistry: A link between reservoir geology and enginering. SPIE Reservoir Engineering, 1997, 12～17
[7] Ahsan S A, Karlsen D A, Mitchell A W, et al. Inter and intrafield hydrocarbon compositional variations in the Ula and the Gyda fields(Gentral Graben-north Sea): Implication for undersdanding the controls on hydrocarbon distribution within and between these fiels[J]. Org Geochem, 1998, 29:449～462.
[8] Palmer S E. Effect of water washing on C~+_(15) hydrocarbon fraction of crude oils from northwest Palawan, Philippines[J]. AAPG Bull, 1984, 68: 137～149.
[9] Lafargue E, Thiez P L. Effect of water washing on light end compositional heterogeneity [J]. Org Geochem, 1996, 24:1141～1150.
[10] Kaufman R L, Ahmed A S, Hempkins W B. A new technique for the analysis of commingled oils and its application to production allocation calculations, Proceedings of the sixteenth annual convention of the Indonesian Petroleum Associatin, 1987.
[11] 刘洛夫,王伟华,毛东风,等.中国油气地球化学理论研究进展.地质论评,1997,(1).
[12] 张敏,张俊.水洗作用对油藏中烃类组成的影响[J].地球化学,2000,29(3):287～292.
[13] 王振平,曲佳燕,卢双舫.原油中萘菲系列化合物的分布与油藏聚集途径[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(3):5～8
[14] 王振平,付晓泰,卢双舫,等.合采油井产量贡献液相色谱监洲法[J].地球化学,2000,29(3): 297～301
[15] 朗东升,岳兴举等.石油工业出版社.油气水层定量评价录井新技术,77～79
[16] 王振平,张春雷等.采油过程中原油萘、菲系列浓度变化规律[J].大庆石油学院,2001,25(2):1～4.
[17] 李金顺,纪伟.油气层录井综合评价概述[J].录井技术,2003,14(2):7～17.
[18] 李玉桓,李长宏,夏亮.油藏地球化学研究进[J].录井技术,1999,10(4):10～14
[19] 王佑宁.PDC钻头条件下岩性识别新技术探讨[J].录井技术,2003,14(4):1～7
[20] 张殿强,李联玮.地质录井方法与技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[21] 张济新,孙海霖,朱明华.仪器分析实验.北京:高等教育出版社,1994,5
[22] 张向宇.实用化学手册.北京:国防工业出版社,1990,5
[23] 吴龙斌.气相色谱分析理论与应用[J].录井技术,1997,8(4):47～53
[24] 吴龙斌.高效液相色谱在录井中的应用前景探讨[J].录井技术,1999,10(4):15～20
[25] 王志战.核磁共振岩石物性录井技术新进展[J].录井技术,2002,13(2):8～16
[26] 王志战.国外核磁共振录井技术新进展[J].录井技术,2004,15(3):13-16
[27] 刘桂和,于永杰.开阔思路适应市场需求[J].录井技术,2002(11):32～36
[28] 杨光照,李成军,张宪军,等.利用热解气相色谱特征识别储集层流体性质.录井技术,2004,15(2):29～33
[29] 鲍征宇,李金跃.地球化学场分析方法与油气化探[J].石油勘探与开发,1997(12):41
[30] 巫正礼.论录井技术发展方向[J].录井技术,1998,9(4):4～12.
[31] 李武.综合油气地球化学录井技术研究与应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,12:42～44.
[32] Page Cheryl A, Bonner James S. Solubility of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil/water systems[J]. Marine chemistry, 2000, 7:79～87
[33] 李玉桓.地化录井评价生储油岩技术的应用及发展[J].录井技术通讯,1992,2:2～10
[34] 朗东升,岳兴举.油气水层定量评价录井新技术,石油工业出版社.21～23
[35] 李玉桓,朱宜南,郭双亭.荧光图像技术判断油层水淹状况研究[J].录井技术,2002(2):1～5
[36] 宋继梅,邓平.荧光分析法在综合录井中的应用[J].石油勘测与开发,2000,10:53～55.
[37] 王琪全,刘维屏等.农药正辛醇/水分配系数的测定方法及其他环境参数的相关性[J].环境污染与防止,1997,12:23～27.
[38] 液相色谱法研究油藏中萘菲系列分布规律及其应用[M],大庆石油学院,2001
[39] 傅献彩,沈文霞,姚天扬.物理化学(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1990
[40] 杨万里等.松辽盆地陆相油藏生成运移和聚集,哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1985.
[41] 梅博文译.储层地球化学,西安:西北大学出版社,1992.
[42] 杜壬子等,油藏地球化学进展,西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1996.
[43] J.M.丘比特,W.A.英格兰编,王铁冠,张枝焕译,油藏地球化学,北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[44] 杜壬子等,油气勘探与油藏地球化学,北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[45] 王振平,王子文.轻烃地球化学场与油气勘探,北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[46] 郭学增,录井前言课程及展望[J].录井技术,2000,11(3):1～5.
[47] 钟宁宁,张枝焕.石油地球化学进展.北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[48] 杨万里.松辽盆地石油地质.北京:石油工业出版社,1985
[49] 杨万里等.松辽盆地陆相油藏生成运移和聚集,哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1985.
[50] 大庆石油地质志编写编.中国石油地质志卷二(大庆油田),北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[51] 大庆油田采油九厂,龙虎泡油田高台子油层新增石油探明储量报告,1999.
[52] 张荻楠,金曙光,刘淑琴.龙虎泡地区高台子油层沉积及成岩作用对储层物性的影响.大庆石油地质与开发,1998,17(4).
[53] 付晓泰,王振平.地质样品芳烃液相色谱分析,分析测试与仪器,1992(2).
[54] 王振平等.泥岩盖层烃类垂向分布规律,石油学报,1996(2).
[55] 卢双舫等,煤成烃生成和运移芳烃产物特征及其意义,石油学报,1996(1).
[56] 王铁冠,张枝焕.油藏地球化学的理论和实践[J].科学通报,1997,42:2015～2017.
[57] 付晓泰,王振平,毕丽飞.用高效液相色谱法预测两油层合采过程中单层的产量分数.色谱,2000,18(4),318～321.
[58] 庞雄奇.排烃门限控油气理论与应用,北京:石油工业出版社,1995,52～53.
[59] 王振平,付晓泰,卢双舫,等.合采油井产量贡献液相色谱监测法.地球化学,2000,29(3):297～301.
[60] 邱玉娥,杨慧英译,赵铁成校.岩心、岩屑红外线光谱高效分析法[J].录井技术,1998(2):67
[61] 赵文款,贺飞等.仪器分析.北京:高等教育出版社:361
[62] 宋世谟,庄公惠,王正烈.物理化学(第三版上册).北京:高等教育出版社,1992:210
[63] 宋世谟,庄公惠,王正烈.物理化学(第三版下册).北京:高等教育出版社,1992:189