千米桥潜山碳酸盐岩气藏勘探综合评价研究
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摘要
储层勘探综合评价(勘探期油藏描述)是人们认识油气藏最为有效的一项综合技术，该阶段油藏描述的主要任务是描述油气藏的形态和规模，揭示油气藏内部结构和油气分布状况，准确确定油藏概念模型，指导勘探部署，提高勘探精度，以尽可能少的探井控制和探明更多的油气地质储量。因此，为提高勘探精度，为开发可行性评价提供合理的地质依据，从而能更清楚、准确地认识油气藏，进行油藏勘探综合评价研究具有重要的意义。
本文针对千米桥潜山气藏在勘探中所存在的具体问题，在认真研究千米桥潜山基本地质特征的基础上，重点就地震资料的处理和碳酸盐岩储层测井精细解释两方面展开研究。以提高勘探精度为核心，储层定量评价为目的，以地震、测井为主体，综合应用多学科方法技术，创造性地建立了一套适用于千米桥地区的勘探综合评价的地震资料处理和碳酸盐岩测井解释的系统方法和配套技术，为今后类似油气田的勘探期油藏描述探索了一些新的方法和途径，拓宽了油藏描述的研究领域和应用前景。本文具有很大的深度和难度，具有一定的创新和突破，取得的主要成果和认识如下：
(1)总结了千米桥潜山基本地质特征和黄骅拗陷内潜山的成藏条件，对千米桥古潜山区域构造演化特征、古地理环境及岩相的古地理特征获得了进一步认识。
(2)地震资料解释新技术研究和应用
①深层地震信号增强技术方法研究
针对开展深层勘探的关键难点深层信号振幅恢复、高频信号恢复、干扰噪声的压制等问题，提出并研究了适于深层地震信号的叠前频率波数域频谱升幂法、频谱展宽法和频谱最佳调制信号增强技术，提高了地震资料的信噪比。
②地震资料消除多次波方法研究
针对陆上地震资料消除多次波的难点，研制开发了适用于陆地资料叠前消除多次波的聚束滤波软件，经实际资料处理表明，该方法具有很好的应用效果。
③深层目标成像技术的方法研究
从层析成像的根本原理出发，提出了拉东投影解析速度建模新方法，为深度偏移推广应用及解决深层复杂构造成像创造了条件。
E
④模型约束处理技术研究
以实际地质模型为约束，尊重资料的非双曲线性质，开发了一套模型约束
处理技术和相应的交互处理软件包－－MdrsPro。
（2）碳酸盐岩储层测井解释方法研究
①岩心分析数据插值方法研究
为了进一步提高了测井解释建模的精度，本次研究在克里金插值结合测井
数据可以生成岩心分析数据思想的基础上，提出了利用由于储层非均质性所引
起的分形特性，建立分形插值的岩心插值方法。
②碳酸盐岩储层空间结构类型的识别
鉴于千米桥地区地质条件复杂多变，造成储集空间类型的多样化，提出了
以核磁共振成像测井为主，辅以FMI成像测井和常规测井进行储层类型划分
的方法，同时给出了该地区储层的分类指标并对其进行了分类。
③储层渗透率定量计算的新方法研究
在碳酸盐岩储层空间结构类型识别的基础上，根据孔隙和裂缝的发育情况
及其在储集和渗透中所起的作用，提出了根据不同的储层类型按非参数回归建
立相应的渗透率解释模型的方法。
④碳酸款岩储层流体性质识别方法研究
针对碳酸盐岩储层岩性复杂、孔隙类型多、非均质性强等原因，研究利用
核磁共振测井资料横向弛豫时间乙谱的移谱法、差谱法结合电阻率测井资料
进行了储层流体识别；同时也探讨了利用改进的应用双等待时间 TW计算纵向
弛豫时间瓦进而识别油气层的方法。结合这两种方法有助于排除油气层识别的
多解性，很大地提高了测井解释的符合率。
通过在大港千米桥地区的应用表明，本文所提出的方法及形成的配套技术
具有很好的实际效果。这些研究成果不仅具有很强的理论学术价值，而且具有
重要的实际意义。
The reservoir description in exploration stage is an integrated technique to characterize the reservoir, and the main tasks of reservoir description in this stage are to describe the conformation of reservoir, to characterize reservoir internal structure and the distribution of oil and water, to identify the concept model of reservoir, to enhance the precision of exploration, to use the fewest wells to control the proved reserves. As a result, in order to characterize the reservoir property more precisely, the reservoir evaluation in exploration stage is very significant.
Aiming at the present problems in exploration of Qianmiqiao carbonate buried hill, on the basis of serious research on basic geological properties, with special study on seismic data procession and well logging fine interpretation in carbonate reservoir, focusing on enhancing the precision of exploration, regarding quantitative reservoir evaluation as object of study, applying multi-discipline method, a set of systematic seismic data procession methods and well logging fine interpretation approaches which applied in Qianmiqiao carbonate buried hill are proposed, which open a new way for studying on reservoir evaluation in exploration stage for similar oilfields. The main results of the dissertation are as follows:
(1) Basic geological properties of Qianmiqiao and genetic conditions of buried hills in Huanghua depression have been summed up. Meanwhile, the farther cognition to Qianmiqiao buried hill structural evolution and palaeogeographic environment have been acquired.
(2 ) New techniques on seismic data procession are studied and applied
(1)Methods of enhancing seismic signal in deep layers: In order to solve the problems such as reconstruction of seismic wave amplitude, high frequency signal recovery and compression of noises which existed in procession of seismic signal in deep layers, a series of corresponding techniques which include prestack frequency wave number domain ascending power method, spectral-broaden method,
optimal spectral modulation and signal enhancement method are developed. As a result. the signal-to-noise has been enhanced.
(2)Study on elimination of multiple: In view of the difficulty of eliminating multiple in seismic data of land, a prestack beaming filter software fit to elinmination of multiple is developed. The application result in eliminating multiple of Qianmiqiao carbonate reservoir is very good.
(3) Technique of target imaging in deep layers : Based on the theory of tomographic, a new velocity modeling using Radon projection analytic technique is proposed, which is the precondition for extending depth migration method and serving the imaging of deep compiex structure.
(4)Study of modeling restrained procession technology: Restrained by real geologic model, considering feature of the non-hyperbola of data, a set of model restrained procession technique and corresponding mutual procession software Mdrspro is developed.
(3) Study on well logging interpretation in carbonate reservoir
(1)Interpolation method study on core data: With the idea that krigging method can be applied to interpolate the core data , a interpolation method based on fractal theory is established, which make use of the fractal characterization generated by the heterogeneity of reservoir .
(2)Recognition to pore types of carbonate formation : Regarding the complex geologic condition, various pore types in Qianmiqiao carbonate reservoir, a method using NMR logging combined with FMI and conventional logging to classify the reservoir is proposed, and the corresponding classification indexes are provided.
(3)A new way to calculate reservoir permeability :Based on the recognition to the pore types of carbonate formation, in view of pore and fracture abundance along with their functions on reservoir and percolation, math model of permeability is set up by non-parameter regression in accordance with the reservoir types.
(4)Recognition to fluid types in carbonate reservoir : Due to complex lithology,
various pore types and
本文针对千米桥潜山气藏在勘探中所存在的具体问题，在认真研究千米桥潜山基本地质特征的基础上，重点就地震资料的处理和碳酸盐岩储层测井精细解释两方面展开研究。以提高勘探精度为核心，储层定量评价为目的，以地震、测井为主体，综合应用多学科方法技术，创造性地建立了一套适用于千米桥地区的勘探综合评价的地震资料处理和碳酸盐岩测井解释的系统方法和配套技术，为今后类似油气田的勘探期油藏描述探索了一些新的方法和途径，拓宽了油藏描述的研究领域和应用前景。本文具有很大的深度和难度，具有一定的创新和突破，取得的主要成果和认识如下：
(1)总结了千米桥潜山基本地质特征和黄骅拗陷内潜山的成藏条件，对千米桥古潜山区域构造演化特征、古地理环境及岩相的古地理特征获得了进一步认识。
(2)地震资料解释新技术研究和应用
①深层地震信号增强技术方法研究
针对开展深层勘探的关键难点深层信号振幅恢复、高频信号恢复、干扰噪声的压制等问题，提出并研究了适于深层地震信号的叠前频率波数域频谱升幂法、频谱展宽法和频谱最佳调制信号增强技术，提高了地震资料的信噪比。
②地震资料消除多次波方法研究
针对陆上地震资料消除多次波的难点，研制开发了适用于陆地资料叠前消除多次波的聚束滤波软件，经实际资料处理表明，该方法具有很好的应用效果。
③深层目标成像技术的方法研究
从层析成像的根本原理出发，提出了拉东投影解析速度建模新方法，为深度偏移推广应用及解决深层复杂构造成像创造了条件。
E
④模型约束处理技术研究
以实际地质模型为约束，尊重资料的非双曲线性质，开发了一套模型约束
处理技术和相应的交互处理软件包－－MdrsPro。
（2）碳酸盐岩储层测井解释方法研究
①岩心分析数据插值方法研究
为了进一步提高了测井解释建模的精度，本次研究在克里金插值结合测井
数据可以生成岩心分析数据思想的基础上，提出了利用由于储层非均质性所引
起的分形特性，建立分形插值的岩心插值方法。
②碳酸盐岩储层空间结构类型的识别
鉴于千米桥地区地质条件复杂多变，造成储集空间类型的多样化，提出了
以核磁共振成像测井为主，辅以FMI成像测井和常规测井进行储层类型划分
的方法，同时给出了该地区储层的分类指标并对其进行了分类。
③储层渗透率定量计算的新方法研究
在碳酸盐岩储层空间结构类型识别的基础上，根据孔隙和裂缝的发育情况
及其在储集和渗透中所起的作用，提出了根据不同的储层类型按非参数回归建
立相应的渗透率解释模型的方法。
④碳酸款岩储层流体性质识别方法研究
针对碳酸盐岩储层岩性复杂、孔隙类型多、非均质性强等原因，研究利用
核磁共振测井资料横向弛豫时间乙谱的移谱法、差谱法结合电阻率测井资料
进行了储层流体识别；同时也探讨了利用改进的应用双等待时间 TW计算纵向
弛豫时间瓦进而识别油气层的方法。结合这两种方法有助于排除油气层识别的
多解性，很大地提高了测井解释的符合率。
通过在大港千米桥地区的应用表明，本文所提出的方法及形成的配套技术
具有很好的实际效果。这些研究成果不仅具有很强的理论学术价值，而且具有
重要的实际意义。
The reservoir description in exploration stage is an integrated technique to characterize the reservoir, and the main tasks of reservoir description in this stage are to describe the conformation of reservoir, to characterize reservoir internal structure and the distribution of oil and water, to identify the concept model of reservoir, to enhance the precision of exploration, to use the fewest wells to control the proved reserves. As a result, in order to characterize the reservoir property more precisely, the reservoir evaluation in exploration stage is very significant.
Aiming at the present problems in exploration of Qianmiqiao carbonate buried hill, on the basis of serious research on basic geological properties, with special study on seismic data procession and well logging fine interpretation in carbonate reservoir, focusing on enhancing the precision of exploration, regarding quantitative reservoir evaluation as object of study, applying multi-discipline method, a set of systematic seismic data procession methods and well logging fine interpretation approaches which applied in Qianmiqiao carbonate buried hill are proposed, which open a new way for studying on reservoir evaluation in exploration stage for similar oilfields. The main results of the dissertation are as follows:
(1) Basic geological properties of Qianmiqiao and genetic conditions of buried hills in Huanghua depression have been summed up. Meanwhile, the farther cognition to Qianmiqiao buried hill structural evolution and palaeogeographic environment have been acquired.
(2 ) New techniques on seismic data procession are studied and applied
(1)Methods of enhancing seismic signal in deep layers: In order to solve the problems such as reconstruction of seismic wave amplitude, high frequency signal recovery and compression of noises which existed in procession of seismic signal in deep layers, a series of corresponding techniques which include prestack frequency wave number domain ascending power method, spectral-broaden method,
optimal spectral modulation and signal enhancement method are developed. As a result. the signal-to-noise has been enhanced.
(2)Study on elimination of multiple: In view of the difficulty of eliminating multiple in seismic data of land, a prestack beaming filter software fit to elinmination of multiple is developed. The application result in eliminating multiple of Qianmiqiao carbonate reservoir is very good.
(3) Technique of target imaging in deep layers : Based on the theory of tomographic, a new velocity modeling using Radon projection analytic technique is proposed, which is the precondition for extending depth migration method and serving the imaging of deep compiex structure.
(4)Study of modeling restrained procession technology: Restrained by real geologic model, considering feature of the non-hyperbola of data, a set of model restrained procession technique and corresponding mutual procession software Mdrspro is developed.
(3) Study on well logging interpretation in carbonate reservoir
(1)Interpolation method study on core data: With the idea that krigging method can be applied to interpolate the core data , a interpolation method based on fractal theory is established, which make use of the fractal characterization generated by the heterogeneity of reservoir .
(2)Recognition to pore types of carbonate formation : Regarding the complex geologic condition, various pore types in Qianmiqiao carbonate reservoir, a method using NMR logging combined with FMI and conventional logging to classify the reservoir is proposed, and the corresponding classification indexes are provided.
(3)A new way to calculate reservoir permeability :Based on the recognition to the pore types of carbonate formation, in view of pore and fracture abundance along with their functions on reservoir and percolation, math model of permeability is set up by non-parameter regression in accordance with the reservoir types.
(4)Recognition to fluid types in carbonate reservoir : Due to complex lithology,
various pore types and
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