基于S12XS微控制器的μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统的移植及应用
|
摘要
随着电子技术的发展,人们对医疗诊断仪器的自动化和智能化要求越来越高。因为全自动化的仪器可以免去大量重复手工操作,避免误操作,提高检测效率;另一方面,医疗诊断仪器的复杂度和精密度也是越来越高。使用传统的单片机等微控制器来直接实现大型医疗诊断仪器的自动化与智能化变得越来越困难,特别是开发高性能的全自动化学发光免疫分析仪那样的医疗仪器。所以,使用嵌入式实时操作系统就显得相当重要。把复杂的多任务管理交给操作系统,简化了程序设计,提高了单片机的实时性能和仪器的可靠性。随着单片机技术的发展,工作频率和存储器有了很大提升,单片机具备了移植操作系统的条件。
论文在研究了Freescale的S12XS系列单片机MC9S12XS128和μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统的基础上,提出了将μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统移植到S12XS微控制器。实现对步进电机的机械传动及定位系统的协调控制,应用于化学发光免疫分析仪的添加试剂系统的自动控制。
论文从硬件和软件两个方面进行了研究。硬件方面:设计了MC9S12XS128单片机正常工作的完整电路和步进电机驱动芯片THB6128正常工作的完整电路。由于步进电机使用的是24V高电压,为了避免因步进电机方面的短路烧毁单片机,设计了光耦合器隔离电路。软件方面:移植μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统到MC9S12XS128单片机;配置了单片机各模块的工作方式;设计了步进电机的调速方案和控制流程;分析了步进电机在添加试剂系统中的工作流程并给出了详细的控制程序。
论文以合理的电路设计和软件编程实现了既定目标。实际测试表明基于S12XS微控制器的μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统实现了对化学发光免疫分析仪的添加试剂系统的自动控制,且效果良好。论文也为化学发光免疫分析仪的全自动控制奠定了基础。
With the development of electronic technology, the automation and intellectualization of diagnostic instrument is highly demanded more and more. On the one hand, because the automatic equipment can spare lots of repeated manipulation, avoid miss operation and improve the detection efficiency; on the other hand, the complexity and precision of medical diagnosis instrument is higher and higher as well. The microcontrollers such as the conventional single-chip are found more and more difficult to be used directly to achieve the automatic and intelligent of large medical diagnosis instruments, especially developing the high-performance medical instruments such as the full-automatic Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer. Therefore, it is very important to use the embedded real-time operating system. The management of complicated multi-tasks is set to the operating system and consequently, program designs are simplified, the real-time performance of the single-chip and reliability of the instrument are improved. As the single-chip technology advances, the working frequency and memory has been improved greatly so that the single-chip has the capability of operating system Transplantation.
On the basis of study of the single-chip MC9S12XS128 that is the series of the S12XS of Freescale, andμC/OS-Ⅱembedded real-time operating system, the program of transplanting theμC/OS-Ⅱoperating system into S12XS microcontroller is put forward in this paper. It has not only realizes the coordinating and controlling of mechanical transmission and positioning system of step motor, but also has been applied in the automatic control of adding reagent system in Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer.
The research is made from two aspects hardware and software. In hardware, it designed a work circuit of MC9S12XS128 and step motor driver chip THB6128. Because Step motor uses 24V high voltage, in order to avoiding step motor’s short-circuit burns the single-chip, photocoupler isolation circuit is designed. In software,μC/OS-Ⅱembedded real-time operating system is transplanted into single-chip MC9S12XS128; the work style of each module in the single-chip is configured; the speed control scheme and control process of the step motor is designed; the workflow of stepping motor in adding reagent systems is analyzed and the detailed control procedures are given.
Considering the reasonable circuit design and software programming, this paper realized the fixed goal. The actual test indicates thatμC/OS-Ⅱembedded real-time operating system based on S12XS microcontroller realizes the automatic control of the adding reagent system in Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer, and the result indicates its good efficiency. The paper also lays a foundation for the automatic control of the Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer.
论文在研究了Freescale的S12XS系列单片机MC9S12XS128和μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统的基础上,提出了将μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统移植到S12XS微控制器。实现对步进电机的机械传动及定位系统的协调控制,应用于化学发光免疫分析仪的添加试剂系统的自动控制。
论文从硬件和软件两个方面进行了研究。硬件方面:设计了MC9S12XS128单片机正常工作的完整电路和步进电机驱动芯片THB6128正常工作的完整电路。由于步进电机使用的是24V高电压,为了避免因步进电机方面的短路烧毁单片机,设计了光耦合器隔离电路。软件方面:移植μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统到MC9S12XS128单片机;配置了单片机各模块的工作方式;设计了步进电机的调速方案和控制流程;分析了步进电机在添加试剂系统中的工作流程并给出了详细的控制程序。
论文以合理的电路设计和软件编程实现了既定目标。实际测试表明基于S12XS微控制器的μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统实现了对化学发光免疫分析仪的添加试剂系统的自动控制,且效果良好。论文也为化学发光免疫分析仪的全自动控制奠定了基础。
With the development of electronic technology, the automation and intellectualization of diagnostic instrument is highly demanded more and more. On the one hand, because the automatic equipment can spare lots of repeated manipulation, avoid miss operation and improve the detection efficiency; on the other hand, the complexity and precision of medical diagnosis instrument is higher and higher as well. The microcontrollers such as the conventional single-chip are found more and more difficult to be used directly to achieve the automatic and intelligent of large medical diagnosis instruments, especially developing the high-performance medical instruments such as the full-automatic Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer. Therefore, it is very important to use the embedded real-time operating system. The management of complicated multi-tasks is set to the operating system and consequently, program designs are simplified, the real-time performance of the single-chip and reliability of the instrument are improved. As the single-chip technology advances, the working frequency and memory has been improved greatly so that the single-chip has the capability of operating system Transplantation.
On the basis of study of the single-chip MC9S12XS128 that is the series of the S12XS of Freescale, andμC/OS-Ⅱembedded real-time operating system, the program of transplanting theμC/OS-Ⅱoperating system into S12XS microcontroller is put forward in this paper. It has not only realizes the coordinating and controlling of mechanical transmission and positioning system of step motor, but also has been applied in the automatic control of adding reagent system in Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer.
The research is made from two aspects hardware and software. In hardware, it designed a work circuit of MC9S12XS128 and step motor driver chip THB6128. Because Step motor uses 24V high voltage, in order to avoiding step motor’s short-circuit burns the single-chip, photocoupler isolation circuit is designed. In software,μC/OS-Ⅱembedded real-time operating system is transplanted into single-chip MC9S12XS128; the work style of each module in the single-chip is configured; the speed control scheme and control process of the step motor is designed; the workflow of stepping motor in adding reagent systems is analyzed and the detailed control procedures are given.
Considering the reasonable circuit design and software programming, this paper realized the fixed goal. The actual test indicates thatμC/OS-Ⅱembedded real-time operating system based on S12XS microcontroller realizes the automatic control of the adding reagent system in Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer, and the result indicates its good efficiency. The paper also lays a foundation for the automatic control of the Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer.
引文
[1]周航慈,无光文.HCS12基于嵌入式实时操作系统的程序设计技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[2]邵贝贝.单片机嵌入式应用的在线开发方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[3]张建鹏.全自动化学发光免疫分析仪[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[4]赵方戟,周康,房庆海.一种全自动化学发光免疫分析仪的研制[J].冶金自动化,2009,(1):501-503.
[5]李森,刘伟强.高灵敏度化学发光免疫分析仪的设计与功能实现[J].北京生物医学工程,2009,28(6):622-626.
[6]任哲.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ原理及应用(第二版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009.
[7]王威.嵌入式微控制器S08AW原理与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009.
[8]王威.HCS12微控制器原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[9]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用实验教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[10]李红卫.μC/OS-Ⅱ在PC机上移植的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(6-2):62-72.
[11]安辉,孙昌志,曹继伟.μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统在DSP的移植及应用[J].自动化技术与应用,2008,27(1):65-69.
[12]赵建华,汪文勇.μC/OS-Ⅱ内核在80C51系列单片机上的移植[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007,28(9):2096-2099.
[13]江高平,符影杰.基于ARM和μC/OS-Ⅱ的多通道智能仪表设计[J].中国仪器仪表, 2006,(9):55-58.
[14]唐其伟.基于ARM和μC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式系统研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2005.
[15]张仁斌,代海飞,李钢.嵌入式系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的移植[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(8):375-378.
[16]王肖,徐友春,彭永胜.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的智能车自动控制方案设计[J].军事交通学院学报,2009,11(2),57-60.
[17]曹树华.基于HCS12微控制器的嵌入式开发与应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006.
[18]王忠凯,赵磊.μC/OS-Ⅱ任务调度研究[J].山东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2009,23(2):30-35.
[19]汪习兵,李银国.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的多种调度机制的嵌入式系统设计[J].科学技术与工程.,2007,7(19):5077-5080.
[20]刘念.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式电子点餐系统的设计[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010.
[21]刘明霞.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的IC卡门禁系统设计和实现[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[22]娄小平.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS在C51平台上的移植及应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.
[23]胡云冰.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的航模BLDC电机控制系统设计与实现[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[24]张军.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统的研究与应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.
[25] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ(第二版)[M].邵贝贝,译.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[26]张炯.自行小车嵌入式智能控制器关键技术与应用研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[27]华亮,杨世锡.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式系统应用平台的构建[J].计算机工程,2004,30(15):184-186.
[28]侯贻帅.基于LPC2129的嵌入式备用电源自动投入系统设计[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2010.
[29]谢敏.μC/OS-Ⅱ在Freescale 56800系列DSP上的实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2006.
[30]桂陈.μC/OS-Ⅱ的内核结构及系统研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[31]周立功.SOPC嵌入式实验教程(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[32]邵贝贝,龚光华.单片机认识与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[33]邵贝贝,薛涛.从MC9S12D到MC9S12XS[J].电子技术应用,2009,(1):15-17.
[34] Freescale. MC9S12XS256 Reference Manual[DB/OL].http://www. Freescale.com/.2009.9.
[35] Freescale. CPU12/CPU12X Reference Manual[DB/OL].http://www. Freescale.com/.2008.3.
[36] Freescale. HCS12X Family Memory Organization[DB/OL].http://www. Freescale. com/.2007.2.
[37]李刚,陈世利,周鑫玲.飞思卡尔8位单片机实用教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[38]薛涛,宫辉,曾鸣,龚光华,邵贝贝.单片机与嵌入式系统开发方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[39]坂本正文.步进电机应用技术[M].王自强,译.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[40]施广宏,石成英,韩华锋,孙引朝.基于微型计算机的步进电机控制系统设计[J].中国新通信,2010,(7):73-76.
[41]北京海华博远科技发展有限公司.THB6128高细分两相混合式步进电机驱动芯片[Z].2009.3.
[42]刘颖,王志刚,王红,张素伟.步进电机升降频的优化算法[J].微电机,2010,43(9):93-94.
[43]张勇,方勤,蔡鹏,许波.μC/OS-Ⅱ原理与ARM应用程序设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2010.
[44]杨宗德,张兵.μC/OS-Ⅱ标准教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
[45]马忠梅,籍顺心.单片机的C语言应用程序设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2003.
[46]廖焕霖.Protel99电路板设计者必读[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.2000.
[2]邵贝贝.单片机嵌入式应用的在线开发方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[3]张建鹏.全自动化学发光免疫分析仪[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[4]赵方戟,周康,房庆海.一种全自动化学发光免疫分析仪的研制[J].冶金自动化,2009,(1):501-503.
[5]李森,刘伟强.高灵敏度化学发光免疫分析仪的设计与功能实现[J].北京生物医学工程,2009,28(6):622-626.
[6]任哲.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ原理及应用(第二版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009.
[7]王威.嵌入式微控制器S08AW原理与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009.
[8]王威.HCS12微控制器原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[9]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用实验教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[10]李红卫.μC/OS-Ⅱ在PC机上移植的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(6-2):62-72.
[11]安辉,孙昌志,曹继伟.μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统在DSP的移植及应用[J].自动化技术与应用,2008,27(1):65-69.
[12]赵建华,汪文勇.μC/OS-Ⅱ内核在80C51系列单片机上的移植[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007,28(9):2096-2099.
[13]江高平,符影杰.基于ARM和μC/OS-Ⅱ的多通道智能仪表设计[J].中国仪器仪表, 2006,(9):55-58.
[14]唐其伟.基于ARM和μC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式系统研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2005.
[15]张仁斌,代海飞,李钢.嵌入式系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的移植[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(8):375-378.
[16]王肖,徐友春,彭永胜.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的智能车自动控制方案设计[J].军事交通学院学报,2009,11(2),57-60.
[17]曹树华.基于HCS12微控制器的嵌入式开发与应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006.
[18]王忠凯,赵磊.μC/OS-Ⅱ任务调度研究[J].山东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2009,23(2):30-35.
[19]汪习兵,李银国.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的多种调度机制的嵌入式系统设计[J].科学技术与工程.,2007,7(19):5077-5080.
[20]刘念.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式电子点餐系统的设计[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010.
[21]刘明霞.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的IC卡门禁系统设计和实现[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[22]娄小平.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS在C51平台上的移植及应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.
[23]胡云冰.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的航模BLDC电机控制系统设计与实现[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[24]张军.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式实时操作系统的研究与应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.
[25] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ(第二版)[M].邵贝贝,译.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[26]张炯.自行小车嵌入式智能控制器关键技术与应用研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[27]华亮,杨世锡.基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式系统应用平台的构建[J].计算机工程,2004,30(15):184-186.
[28]侯贻帅.基于LPC2129的嵌入式备用电源自动投入系统设计[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2010.
[29]谢敏.μC/OS-Ⅱ在Freescale 56800系列DSP上的实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2006.
[30]桂陈.μC/OS-Ⅱ的内核结构及系统研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[31]周立功.SOPC嵌入式实验教程(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[32]邵贝贝,龚光华.单片机认识与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[33]邵贝贝,薛涛.从MC9S12D到MC9S12XS[J].电子技术应用,2009,(1):15-17.
[34] Freescale. MC9S12XS256 Reference Manual[DB/OL].http://www. Freescale.com/.2009.9.
[35] Freescale. CPU12/CPU12X Reference Manual[DB/OL].http://www. Freescale.com/.2008.3.
[36] Freescale. HCS12X Family Memory Organization[DB/OL].http://www. Freescale. com/.2007.2.
[37]李刚,陈世利,周鑫玲.飞思卡尔8位单片机实用教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[38]薛涛,宫辉,曾鸣,龚光华,邵贝贝.单片机与嵌入式系统开发方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[39]坂本正文.步进电机应用技术[M].王自强,译.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[40]施广宏,石成英,韩华锋,孙引朝.基于微型计算机的步进电机控制系统设计[J].中国新通信,2010,(7):73-76.
[41]北京海华博远科技发展有限公司.THB6128高细分两相混合式步进电机驱动芯片[Z].2009.3.
[42]刘颖,王志刚,王红,张素伟.步进电机升降频的优化算法[J].微电机,2010,43(9):93-94.
[43]张勇,方勤,蔡鹏,许波.μC/OS-Ⅱ原理与ARM应用程序设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2010.
[44]杨宗德,张兵.μC/OS-Ⅱ标准教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
[45]马忠梅,籍顺心.单片机的C语言应用程序设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2003.
[46]廖焕霖.Protel99电路板设计者必读[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.2000.