基于BACnet的家庭控制中心的三表系统及数据库的实现
摘要
随着科技的发展人们对居住环境的要求越来越高。以前以前人们对居住环境的要求只是简单的遮风避雨,现在安全、舒适、方便的居住环境以成为普通群众的最基本要求。我相信随着现在世界资源一步步枯竭,今后环保与节能又将成为居住环境的重要指标。关于如何实现上述诸多需求,则是现在人们最关心的话题。经科学研究发现,要实现家庭的安全、舒适、方便、节能与环保,仅仅依靠一个、两个家庭设备是不够的。它需要家庭中所有设备的整合。人们发现当我们实现了家庭中所有设备的互联与互动时我们的家庭就变得有智能性了,这时我们就可以把我们的家居环境称为——智能家居[1][2]。
智能家居是以家庭设备为基本控制单元,以家庭设备控制的自动化与简单化为最终目的,并在此基础上提出的家庭设备的整合解决方案。智能家居是建筑设备自动化系统中的核心,负责系统设置,设备管理,实时监控等功能。其软件系统的可靠性和功能的完整性直接决定了建筑设备自动化系统的性能。
本文首先介绍了智能家居和BACnet 的发展及其特点,引出了智能家居控制中心的设计与实现这一课题。接着分析了系统的功能需求和系统的特点,然后提出了系统的概要设计方案,并不断完善细化给出了详细的设计。对于本人在课题中的主要任务:三表子系统与数据库子系统的开发,本文做了最为详细的阐述。在本文中作者还介绍了BACnet 标准协议中的面向对象要素:对象、属性和服务,说明面向对象技术在BACnet标准中的具体应用。在此基础上采用面向对象的思想设计了各个部分的接口,并且采用C 语言进行了代码的实现。最后对系统进行了总结并就今后研究工作的方向和内容提出了作者的想法和建议。
With the develop of technology,people think much more of resident environment than ever.In the past a wonderful house just can help people shelter from storm ,but now we consider that a house must bring a safety, comfortable and convenient living surroundings to the people who live in.I believe in the future with the world’s resource become more and more exiguity, energy-saving will become a imporment factor when people appraise a house .When we try to implement the characteristic we said above about a modern house ,we found we must connect all the device in the home ,and make them can do some decision together by some rule.
As we know, Smart-House is the core of automatic system in facility, which function is focused on system setting, device managing and real-time monitoring. And the performance of building automation control system is directly depended on the reliability of software system and the integrality of function. The prime purpose of BACnet is to provide an interoperation method for building automation control system..
In this report, the development as well as characteristics of Smart-House and Bacnet is introduced firstly. Based on the introduction, the objective of this project is presented, namely to implement Smart-House-Control-Center. The following part is the analysis of the functional request together with the property of the system. Smart-House-Control-Center is the kernel part of the home Devices Automation System,and it is in charge of system setup, device management, real-time monitoring, etc. Then, the designing plan is presented as greater details. For Three-Meter gateway, object-oriented approach is adopted,and for database, connect pool method are employed. Furthermore, We introduced three elements for communication in BACnet standard protocol, which are object, property and service. And the implenetation of object-oriented approach in Bacnet standard is presented also. Based on all of the concepts above, we use the object-oriented theory to design, implement and develop all of the interface based on C. Finally, we summarize the entire system as conclusion and future work are also presented.
智能家居是以家庭设备为基本控制单元,以家庭设备控制的自动化与简单化为最终目的,并在此基础上提出的家庭设备的整合解决方案。智能家居是建筑设备自动化系统中的核心,负责系统设置,设备管理,实时监控等功能。其软件系统的可靠性和功能的完整性直接决定了建筑设备自动化系统的性能。
本文首先介绍了智能家居和BACnet 的发展及其特点,引出了智能家居控制中心的设计与实现这一课题。接着分析了系统的功能需求和系统的特点,然后提出了系统的概要设计方案,并不断完善细化给出了详细的设计。对于本人在课题中的主要任务:三表子系统与数据库子系统的开发,本文做了最为详细的阐述。在本文中作者还介绍了BACnet 标准协议中的面向对象要素:对象、属性和服务,说明面向对象技术在BACnet标准中的具体应用。在此基础上采用面向对象的思想设计了各个部分的接口,并且采用C 语言进行了代码的实现。最后对系统进行了总结并就今后研究工作的方向和内容提出了作者的想法和建议。
With the develop of technology,people think much more of resident environment than ever.In the past a wonderful house just can help people shelter from storm ,but now we consider that a house must bring a safety, comfortable and convenient living surroundings to the people who live in.I believe in the future with the world’s resource become more and more exiguity, energy-saving will become a imporment factor when people appraise a house .When we try to implement the characteristic we said above about a modern house ,we found we must connect all the device in the home ,and make them can do some decision together by some rule.
As we know, Smart-House is the core of automatic system in facility, which function is focused on system setting, device managing and real-time monitoring. And the performance of building automation control system is directly depended on the reliability of software system and the integrality of function. The prime purpose of BACnet is to provide an interoperation method for building automation control system..
In this report, the development as well as characteristics of Smart-House and Bacnet is introduced firstly. Based on the introduction, the objective of this project is presented, namely to implement Smart-House-Control-Center. The following part is the analysis of the functional request together with the property of the system. Smart-House-Control-Center is the kernel part of the home Devices Automation System,and it is in charge of system setup, device management, real-time monitoring, etc. Then, the designing plan is presented as greater details. For Three-Meter gateway, object-oriented approach is adopted,and for database, connect pool method are employed. Furthermore, We introduced three elements for communication in BACnet standard protocol, which are object, property and service. And the implenetation of object-oriented approach in Bacnet standard is presented also. Based on all of the concepts above, we use the object-oriented theory to design, implement and develop all of the interface based on C. Finally, we summarize the entire system as conclusion and future work are also presented.
引文
[1] Steven T. Bushby. BACnetTM –A standard communication infrastructure for intelligent buildings. Automation in Construction,1997, 6(5-6 ): 529~540
[2] 黄志超. 楼宇自控网BACnet.。工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(26):23~25
[3] 李海霖,黄道。发展中的楼宇自动控制系统数据通讯标准协议—BACnet. 微型电脑应用,1998,(1)
[4] Bushby,S.,Newman. H. BACnet:A Technical Update. ASHRAE Journal,Atalanta, 36
[5] ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-1995:BACnet-A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 1995
[6] ANSI/ASHRAE 135-1995 标准:BACnet 楼宇自动控制网络数据通信协议,ASHARE制定,广州,广东经济出版社,2000
[7] 陈锐,郭红,护黎明. 智能建筑多系统集成管理模型的研究. 计算机应用研究,2001,(11):26~38
[8] 刘贤德,石岩,惠晓实. BACnet 的体系结构-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(-).工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(9):16~20
[9] 石岩,刘贤德,惠晓实. BACnet 应用层规范-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(二).工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(10):18~22
[10] 惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet 网络层规范-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(三).工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(11):23~28
[11] 惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet 数据链路/物理层规范-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(四). 工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(12):15~20
[12] 惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet 的对象模型-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(五).工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,2000,(1):24~28
[13] 惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet 的服务-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(六). 工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,2000,(2):12~16
[14] 惠晓实,刘贤德,金鑫. BACnet/IP:BACnet 的互联网扩展(上)-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(七). 工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,2000,(3):16~18
[15] 刘润东. UML 对象设计与编程. 北京:希望电子出版社,2001
[16] Craig Larman 著. UML 和模式应用-面向对象分析和设计导论. 姚淑珍等译. 机械工业出版社,2001
[17] Grady Booch 等著. UML 用户指南. 劭维忠等译. 机械工业出版社,2001
[18] 刘刀桂,孟繁晶. Visual C++实践与提高-数据库篇. 中国铁道出版社,2001
[19] 白松涛. Access2000中文版实用培训教程. 清华大学出版社,2001
[20] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides 著. 设计模式-可复用面向对象软件的基础. 李英军等译. 机械工业出版社,2000
[21] 童立,马远良. 设计模式在基于组件的框架设计中的应用. 计算机工程与应用,2002,(12):13~19
[22] 刘正林. 面向对象程序设计. 华中科技大学出版社,2001
[23] 古新生,王拓,王伟. 面向对象方法与C++. 西安交通大学出版社,1992
[24] Grady Booch. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications Benjamin/ Cummings. Second Editon. Redwood City, CA. 1994
[25] 严静. 面向对象方法与结构化方法相结合的MIS 系统开发技术. 计算机应用研究,1999,(5):30~35
[26] H.Michael Newman. Direct Digital Control of Building Systems. Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,1994
[27] 吴晓琴. 浅析面向对象程序设计特点. 安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(9):33~37.
[28] 白英彩. 计算机网络管理系统设计与应用. 北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[29] G O’Shes. Security in computer Operating System. England NCC Blackwell limited. 1991
[30] 王培进,范宝德. 控制系统的面向对象分析与设计. 计算机应用研究,2002,(11):20~25
[31] 狄喆,江亿,何国霖. 面向对象设计在楼宇控制系统中的应用. 暖通空调HV&AC,2002,(5):57~60
[32] Jonathan C French. Object-oriented programming of HVAC control devices. ASHRAE, 1999, (12):15~17
[33] Peter Cord, Edward Yourdon . Object oriented design. Yourdon Press. 1991
[34] 张海藩. 软件工程导论. 清华大学出版社,1998
[35] 郑人杰,殷人昆. 实用软件工程. 清华大学出版社,1997
[36] Sylvia Osborn. Mandatory Access Control and Role-based Access Control. Revisited Proceedings of the Second ACM Workshop on Role-based Access Control, Nobember 1997:22~25
[37] 董春桥,刘贤德,惠晓实. 楼宇自动控制网络通信协议BACnet 实现模型的研究. 计算机工程与应用,2003,(5):172~174
[38] ISO 7498,Information Technology-Open System Interconnection-Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One(ASN.1), Geneva:ISO,1990
[39] Nicholas M. Karayanankis. Advanced System Modelling and Simulation with Block Diagram Languages. New York:CRC Press, 1995.1
[40] 宗晔,方安宁. 面向对象的系统分析. 浙江大学学报(自然科学版),1999,(2):55~59
[41] 许永喜,惠晓实,刘贤德. 基于嵌入式Linux 的BACnet 控制器软件设计. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,(8): 55~58
[42] 沈可. 使用嵌入式Linux 操作系统进行软件开发的特点及优势. 电脑开发与应用,2001,(8): 13~15
[43] 何小庆. 嵌入式Linux:嵌入式系统软件的机遇和挑战. 电子产品世界,2002,(9): 19~20
[44] 王忠飞,缪红松. 基于嵌入式Linux 的工业控制系统. 自动化与仪表,2004,(1): 32~34
[45] 肖瀛,芦东昕,朱佐亮,白英杰. 嵌入式Linux 系统的选择. 计算机工程,2003,(12): 73~75
[46] 张焕强. 基于Linux 的实时系统.IBM developerWorks 中国网站,Linux 专区,http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/linux/index.shtml,2003
[47] Kurt Wall. GNU/Linux 编程指南. 张辉译. 清华大学出版社,2002
[48] 施威铭. Linux C 语言实务. 机械工业出版社,2002
[49] 毛德操,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析(上册). 浙江大学出版社,2001
[50] 毛德操,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析(下册). 浙江大学出版社,2001
[51] Brian W.Kernighan,Dennis M.Ritchie. The C Programming Language. Prentice-Hall,1988
[52] Andrew Koenig. C Traps and Pitfalls. Addison Wesley,1990
[53] Kris Jamsa,Lars Klander. C/C++程序员实用大全. 张春晖,刘大庆等译. 中国水利水电出版社,1999
[2] 黄志超. 楼宇自控网BACnet.。工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(26):23~25
[3] 李海霖,黄道。发展中的楼宇自动控制系统数据通讯标准协议—BACnet. 微型电脑应用,1998,(1)
[4] Bushby,S.,Newman. H. BACnet:A Technical Update. ASHRAE Journal,Atalanta, 36
[5] ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-1995:BACnet-A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 1995
[6] ANSI/ASHRAE 135-1995 标准:BACnet 楼宇自动控制网络数据通信协议,ASHARE制定,广州,广东经济出版社,2000
[7] 陈锐,郭红,护黎明. 智能建筑多系统集成管理模型的研究. 计算机应用研究,2001,(11):26~38
[8] 刘贤德,石岩,惠晓实. BACnet 的体系结构-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(-).工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(9):16~20
[9] 石岩,刘贤德,惠晓实. BACnet 应用层规范-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(二).工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(10):18~22
[10] 惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet 网络层规范-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(三).工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(11):23~28
[11] 惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet 数据链路/物理层规范-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(四). 工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,1999,(12):15~20
[12] 惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet 的对象模型-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(五).工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,2000,(1):24~28
[13] 惠晓实,刘贤德,石岩. BACnet 的服务-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(六). 工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,2000,(2):12~16
[14] 惠晓实,刘贤德,金鑫. BACnet/IP:BACnet 的互联网扩展(上)-BACnet 协议标准技术系列讲座(七). 工程设计CAD 与智能建筑,2000,(3):16~18
[15] 刘润东. UML 对象设计与编程. 北京:希望电子出版社,2001
[16] Craig Larman 著. UML 和模式应用-面向对象分析和设计导论. 姚淑珍等译. 机械工业出版社,2001
[17] Grady Booch 等著. UML 用户指南. 劭维忠等译. 机械工业出版社,2001
[18] 刘刀桂,孟繁晶. Visual C++实践与提高-数据库篇. 中国铁道出版社,2001
[19] 白松涛. Access2000中文版实用培训教程. 清华大学出版社,2001
[20] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides 著. 设计模式-可复用面向对象软件的基础. 李英军等译. 机械工业出版社,2000
[21] 童立,马远良. 设计模式在基于组件的框架设计中的应用. 计算机工程与应用,2002,(12):13~19
[22] 刘正林. 面向对象程序设计. 华中科技大学出版社,2001
[23] 古新生,王拓,王伟. 面向对象方法与C++. 西安交通大学出版社,1992
[24] Grady Booch. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications Benjamin/ Cummings. Second Editon. Redwood City, CA. 1994
[25] 严静. 面向对象方法与结构化方法相结合的MIS 系统开发技术. 计算机应用研究,1999,(5):30~35
[26] H.Michael Newman. Direct Digital Control of Building Systems. Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,1994
[27] 吴晓琴. 浅析面向对象程序设计特点. 安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(9):33~37.
[28] 白英彩. 计算机网络管理系统设计与应用. 北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[29] G O’Shes. Security in computer Operating System. England NCC Blackwell limited. 1991
[30] 王培进,范宝德. 控制系统的面向对象分析与设计. 计算机应用研究,2002,(11):20~25
[31] 狄喆,江亿,何国霖. 面向对象设计在楼宇控制系统中的应用. 暖通空调HV&AC,2002,(5):57~60
[32] Jonathan C French. Object-oriented programming of HVAC control devices. ASHRAE, 1999, (12):15~17
[33] Peter Cord, Edward Yourdon . Object oriented design. Yourdon Press. 1991
[34] 张海藩. 软件工程导论. 清华大学出版社,1998
[35] 郑人杰,殷人昆. 实用软件工程. 清华大学出版社,1997
[36] Sylvia Osborn. Mandatory Access Control and Role-based Access Control. Revisited Proceedings of the Second ACM Workshop on Role-based Access Control, Nobember 1997:22~25
[37] 董春桥,刘贤德,惠晓实. 楼宇自动控制网络通信协议BACnet 实现模型的研究. 计算机工程与应用,2003,(5):172~174
[38] ISO 7498,Information Technology-Open System Interconnection-Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One(ASN.1), Geneva:ISO,1990
[39] Nicholas M. Karayanankis. Advanced System Modelling and Simulation with Block Diagram Languages. New York:CRC Press, 1995.1
[40] 宗晔,方安宁. 面向对象的系统分析. 浙江大学学报(自然科学版),1999,(2):55~59
[41] 许永喜,惠晓实,刘贤德. 基于嵌入式Linux 的BACnet 控制器软件设计. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,(8): 55~58
[42] 沈可. 使用嵌入式Linux 操作系统进行软件开发的特点及优势. 电脑开发与应用,2001,(8): 13~15
[43] 何小庆. 嵌入式Linux:嵌入式系统软件的机遇和挑战. 电子产品世界,2002,(9): 19~20
[44] 王忠飞,缪红松. 基于嵌入式Linux 的工业控制系统. 自动化与仪表,2004,(1): 32~34
[45] 肖瀛,芦东昕,朱佐亮,白英杰. 嵌入式Linux 系统的选择. 计算机工程,2003,(12): 73~75
[46] 张焕强. 基于Linux 的实时系统.IBM developerWorks 中国网站,Linux 专区,http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/linux/index.shtml,2003
[47] Kurt Wall. GNU/Linux 编程指南. 张辉译. 清华大学出版社,2002
[48] 施威铭. Linux C 语言实务. 机械工业出版社,2002
[49] 毛德操,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析(上册). 浙江大学出版社,2001
[50] 毛德操,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析(下册). 浙江大学出版社,2001
[51] Brian W.Kernighan,Dennis M.Ritchie. The C Programming Language. Prentice-Hall,1988
[52] Andrew Koenig. C Traps and Pitfalls. Addison Wesley,1990
[53] Kris Jamsa,Lars Klander. C/C++程序员实用大全. 张春晖,刘大庆等译. 中国水利水电出版社,1999