城市道路网合理性研究
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摘要
由于近年来城市交通问题的突出,城市道路网的合理性越来越引起人们的重视。在道路改造过程中如果一味新建道路,或大造高等级道路,或盲目改造交叉口,则缺乏对路网合理性的正确认识,只能造成城市交通问题越来越复杂尖锐。然而,什么样的路网是合理的,路网规模是否越大越好,怎样的路网结构才能更好的适应城市交通,这些都是值得研究的问题。
本文提出了从供需关系和内部结构两个层次上研究路网的合理性。首先从城市道路等级的划分、路网结构的层次划分和路网布局的基本形式几个方面对城市道路网特性进行了分析,在此基础上,对城市道路网容量、等级结构和布局结构的合理性进行了初步的分析。然后对城市道路网容量的概念进行了阐述,并介绍了路网容量的分类,同时分别介绍了基于微观和宏观的城市道路网容量计算方法,即割集法和时空消耗法。在城市路网容量的计算和城市交通需求的预测的前提下,引入城市道路网供求匹配指数,进行了城市道路网容量和需求的匹配分析,对其数值区间对应的供需状况做出评判。继而进行了城市道路级配影响因素分析,研究了等级级配的确定方法,并引入合理性评判系数对其合理性进行研究。接着从密度指标、路网指标和服务特征等方面建立了城市道路布局评价指标体系,并对各评价指标进行描述。最后,本文以深圳石岩为例,对其现状路网容量和需求进行了匹配分析及等级级配评价,并对其交通整治规划后路网合理性进行了分析,以此验证了本文研究方法的正确及内容具有现实的研究意义和应用价值。
In recent years, the rationality of urban road network gives rise to our value gradually with the prominent urban traffic problems. In the process of transforming the road, if blindly building new roads, or creating high-grade roads, or rehabilitating intersections, it can cause urban traffic problems increasingly complex. However, what kind of road network is reasonable, whether the network size is the bigger the better, what kind of network structure to better adapt to urban traffic, these are all worthy of study.
The paper researches the rationality of road network form the supply and demand relations and the internal structure of two levels. It analyzes the characteristics of urban road network in three aspects: the division of the road grade; the division of the road network structure level; the basic form of the road network layout. On this basis, it analyzes the reasonableness of urban road network capacity, hierarchical structure and layout of the urban road network. Then the paper expounds the concept of the urban road network capacity and gives a briefing on the classification of the network capacity. At the same time, it gives the calculation method based on the macroscopic and microscopic urban road network capacity which is cut set method and space-time consumption method. Based on the calculation of urban road network capacity and demand forecasting for urban traffic, the paper joined the index of urban road network for matching supply and demand, to analyze the match of urban road network capacity and demand. Then it analyzes the influencing factors of the urban road grade proportion. It gives the grade established methods with the introduction of reasonable judgment coefficient to evaluate its reasonableness. To establish urban road layout evaluation index system, it describes the evaluation index from the aspects of density, road network and service character. Finally, the paper uses the traffic problem of Shenzhen Shiyan as an example, to evaluate the road network capacity to match demand and estimate the level of the road network. By estimating whether it is reasonable after traffic regulation planning, this paper can verify its practical significance and application value.
本文提出了从供需关系和内部结构两个层次上研究路网的合理性。首先从城市道路等级的划分、路网结构的层次划分和路网布局的基本形式几个方面对城市道路网特性进行了分析,在此基础上,对城市道路网容量、等级结构和布局结构的合理性进行了初步的分析。然后对城市道路网容量的概念进行了阐述,并介绍了路网容量的分类,同时分别介绍了基于微观和宏观的城市道路网容量计算方法,即割集法和时空消耗法。在城市路网容量的计算和城市交通需求的预测的前提下,引入城市道路网供求匹配指数,进行了城市道路网容量和需求的匹配分析,对其数值区间对应的供需状况做出评判。继而进行了城市道路级配影响因素分析,研究了等级级配的确定方法,并引入合理性评判系数对其合理性进行研究。接着从密度指标、路网指标和服务特征等方面建立了城市道路布局评价指标体系,并对各评价指标进行描述。最后,本文以深圳石岩为例,对其现状路网容量和需求进行了匹配分析及等级级配评价,并对其交通整治规划后路网合理性进行了分析,以此验证了本文研究方法的正确及内容具有现实的研究意义和应用价值。
In recent years, the rationality of urban road network gives rise to our value gradually with the prominent urban traffic problems. In the process of transforming the road, if blindly building new roads, or creating high-grade roads, or rehabilitating intersections, it can cause urban traffic problems increasingly complex. However, what kind of road network is reasonable, whether the network size is the bigger the better, what kind of network structure to better adapt to urban traffic, these are all worthy of study.
The paper researches the rationality of road network form the supply and demand relations and the internal structure of two levels. It analyzes the characteristics of urban road network in three aspects: the division of the road grade; the division of the road network structure level; the basic form of the road network layout. On this basis, it analyzes the reasonableness of urban road network capacity, hierarchical structure and layout of the urban road network. Then the paper expounds the concept of the urban road network capacity and gives a briefing on the classification of the network capacity. At the same time, it gives the calculation method based on the macroscopic and microscopic urban road network capacity which is cut set method and space-time consumption method. Based on the calculation of urban road network capacity and demand forecasting for urban traffic, the paper joined the index of urban road network for matching supply and demand, to analyze the match of urban road network capacity and demand. Then it analyzes the influencing factors of the urban road grade proportion. It gives the grade established methods with the introduction of reasonable judgment coefficient to evaluate its reasonableness. To establish urban road layout evaluation index system, it describes the evaluation index from the aspects of density, road network and service character. Finally, the paper uses the traffic problem of Shenzhen Shiyan as an example, to evaluate the road network capacity to match demand and estimate the level of the road network. By estimating whether it is reasonable after traffic regulation planning, this paper can verify its practical significance and application value.
引文
[1]范炳全,周溪召.城市土地利用与交通规划综合研究[J].城市规划,1999
[2]李泳.城市交通系统与土地利用结构关系研究[J].热带地理,1998
[3]赵升.城市道路网容量供需模型平衡分析[J].交通标准化,2004
[4]Ahuja,P.K.,Magnanti,T.L.,Orlin,J.B.,Network Flows:Theory,Algorithms and Applications[J].Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,NJ.1993
[5]Beckmann M.J.,A continuous model of transportation[J].Econometrics 20,1952
[6]杨涛,徐吉谦.运输网络极大流的一种新算法[J].土木工程学报第24卷第1期,1991.2
[7]Buchanan,C.,Traffic in the town.Report of the Steering Group and Working Group Applinted by the Minister of Transport[J].London,1963
[8]Smeed,R.L,Road capacity of city centers.Traffic Engineering and Control[M].1996.
[9]Iida,Y.,Methodology for maximum capacity of road network.Transaction of Japan Society of Civil Engineers205[M].1972
[10]尹娟.路网容量评价[D].硕士论文,1998
[11]Asakura,Y.,Kashiwadni,M.,1993.Estimation modal of maxium road networkcapacity with parking constraints and ores application[J],Infrastrucuture planning Review 11,1993
[12]Wong,S.C.,Yang,H.,Reserve capacity for a signal controlled road network[J].Transportation Research 31B,1997
[13]王静梅,李娟.基于节点需求重要度的交通区位路网布局研究[J].交通标准化,2007(7)
[14]毛子珍.浅谈城市道路路网布局设计[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2001
[15]王思中.浅谈城市路网规划布局设计[J].现代城市研究,2003
[16]陆建等.城市道路网规划指标体系[J].交通运输工程学报,2004
[17]The Environment,Report of theCommittee[J].20th World Road Congress,1995.
[18]Review of ITS(Intelligent Transportation System)Benefits[J].Federal Highway Administration,USA,1996
[19]ITS IDEA:Emerging Concepts and Products for.lntelligent Transportation Systems[J].Transportation Research Board,National Research Council,USA,1997.
[20]Rafter David.Sustainable Transportation Planning and the Dublin Transportation Initiative[J].European Planning Studies.1996(2)
[21]Bjoernland D.Transportation Planning as an Effective Tool for Sustainable Mobility[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin.1994(6)
[22]Kyeil Kim.A Transportation Planning Model for State Highway Management:A Decision Support System Methodology to Achieve Sustainable Development[M].(Dissertation of Ph.D)Virginia Tech,1998
[23]陆化普等.城市交通管理评价体系[M].人民交通出版社,2003
[24]城市道路交通规划设计规范.GB50220-95
[25]文国玮.城市交通与道路系统规划[M].清华大学出版社,1996
[26]国际现代建筑协会.雅典宪章.国际现代建筑协会第四次会议.希腊雅典,1993
[27]陈小鸿.上海城市道路分级体系研究[J].城市交通,2004.2(1)
[28]杨永勤.城市道路节点规划设计理论与方法研究[D].北京:北京工业大学博士学位论文,2006
[29]李朝阳,王新军,贾俊刚.关于我国城市道路功能分类的思考[J].城市规划汇刊,1999
[30]周荣沾.城市道路设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1988
[31]任福田等.城市道路规划与设计[M].北京:中国建设工业出版社,1998
[32]杨东援,马哲军.路网容量分析的理论与方法[J].中国土木工程学会第七届年会暨毛以升诞辰100周年纪念论文集,1995
[33]关忠和.城市交通容量问题初探[J].北京交通工程学会首届年会论文集,1986
[34]杨佩昆.重议城市干道网密度[J].城市交通,2003
[35]蔡军.转向比例与合理干路网密度研究[J].城市交通,2005
[36]王召森.规划道路网密度指标调整之思考[J].城市交通,2004
[37]陈春妹.路网容量研究[D].北京:北京工业大学博士学位论文,2002
[38]Hai Yang,Michael G.H.Bell,Qiang Meng Modeling the capacity and level of service of urban transportation networks.Transportation Research Part B34,2000
[39]Wong,S.C.,Yang,H.Reserve capacity for a signal controlled road network Transportation Research 31B,1997
[40]杨东援,马哲军.路网容量分析的理论与方法[J].中国土木工程学会第七届年会暨毛以升诞辰100周年纪念论文集,1995
[41]Assad A.A.Multi commodi ty network flows——a survey.Networks 8,1978
[42]路易斯.马尚,一个广义概念——城市的时间和空间消耗,城市交通研究参考资料(第一集),天津市交通综合研究组,1986
[43]周溪召,刘灿齐,杨佩昆.高峰时段城市道路网时空资源和交通空间容量[J].上海:同济大学学报,1996
[44]杨涛,徐吉谦.时空消耗概念下的道路网总体容量研究[J].南京:东南大学运输工程研究所
[45]胡绍荣.城市道路交通供需平衡理论研究[D].西安:长安大学硕士学位论文,2004
[46]李旭宏,田锋,顾政华.城市道路网供求分析技术[J].交通运输工程学报.2002(6)
[47]WANG WEI,XU Jiqian,ect.Urban transportation planning[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1999
[48]陆锡明等.综合交通规划[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2002
[49]石飞.城市道路等级级配及布局方法研究[D].南京:东南大学博士学位论文,2006
[50]杨光杰,赵成泉.城市路网结构评价方法探讨[J].淄博学院学报(自然科学与工程版),2004
[2]李泳.城市交通系统与土地利用结构关系研究[J].热带地理,1998
[3]赵升.城市道路网容量供需模型平衡分析[J].交通标准化,2004
[4]Ahuja,P.K.,Magnanti,T.L.,Orlin,J.B.,Network Flows:Theory,Algorithms and Applications[J].Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,NJ.1993
[5]Beckmann M.J.,A continuous model of transportation[J].Econometrics 20,1952
[6]杨涛,徐吉谦.运输网络极大流的一种新算法[J].土木工程学报第24卷第1期,1991.2
[7]Buchanan,C.,Traffic in the town.Report of the Steering Group and Working Group Applinted by the Minister of Transport[J].London,1963
[8]Smeed,R.L,Road capacity of city centers.Traffic Engineering and Control[M].1996.
[9]Iida,Y.,Methodology for maximum capacity of road network.Transaction of Japan Society of Civil Engineers205[M].1972
[10]尹娟.路网容量评价[D].硕士论文,1998
[11]Asakura,Y.,Kashiwadni,M.,1993.Estimation modal of maxium road networkcapacity with parking constraints and ores application[J],Infrastrucuture planning Review 11,1993
[12]Wong,S.C.,Yang,H.,Reserve capacity for a signal controlled road network[J].Transportation Research 31B,1997
[13]王静梅,李娟.基于节点需求重要度的交通区位路网布局研究[J].交通标准化,2007(7)
[14]毛子珍.浅谈城市道路路网布局设计[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2001
[15]王思中.浅谈城市路网规划布局设计[J].现代城市研究,2003
[16]陆建等.城市道路网规划指标体系[J].交通运输工程学报,2004
[17]The Environment,Report of theCommittee[J].20th World Road Congress,1995.
[18]Review of ITS(Intelligent Transportation System)Benefits[J].Federal Highway Administration,USA,1996
[19]ITS IDEA:Emerging Concepts and Products for.lntelligent Transportation Systems[J].Transportation Research Board,National Research Council,USA,1997.
[20]Rafter David.Sustainable Transportation Planning and the Dublin Transportation Initiative[J].European Planning Studies.1996(2)
[21]Bjoernland D.Transportation Planning as an Effective Tool for Sustainable Mobility[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin.1994(6)
[22]Kyeil Kim.A Transportation Planning Model for State Highway Management:A Decision Support System Methodology to Achieve Sustainable Development[M].(Dissertation of Ph.D)Virginia Tech,1998
[23]陆化普等.城市交通管理评价体系[M].人民交通出版社,2003
[24]城市道路交通规划设计规范.GB50220-95
[25]文国玮.城市交通与道路系统规划[M].清华大学出版社,1996
[26]国际现代建筑协会.雅典宪章.国际现代建筑协会第四次会议.希腊雅典,1993
[27]陈小鸿.上海城市道路分级体系研究[J].城市交通,2004.2(1)
[28]杨永勤.城市道路节点规划设计理论与方法研究[D].北京:北京工业大学博士学位论文,2006
[29]李朝阳,王新军,贾俊刚.关于我国城市道路功能分类的思考[J].城市规划汇刊,1999
[30]周荣沾.城市道路设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1988
[31]任福田等.城市道路规划与设计[M].北京:中国建设工业出版社,1998
[32]杨东援,马哲军.路网容量分析的理论与方法[J].中国土木工程学会第七届年会暨毛以升诞辰100周年纪念论文集,1995
[33]关忠和.城市交通容量问题初探[J].北京交通工程学会首届年会论文集,1986
[34]杨佩昆.重议城市干道网密度[J].城市交通,2003
[35]蔡军.转向比例与合理干路网密度研究[J].城市交通,2005
[36]王召森.规划道路网密度指标调整之思考[J].城市交通,2004
[37]陈春妹.路网容量研究[D].北京:北京工业大学博士学位论文,2002
[38]Hai Yang,Michael G.H.Bell,Qiang Meng Modeling the capacity and level of service of urban transportation networks.Transportation Research Part B34,2000
[39]Wong,S.C.,Yang,H.Reserve capacity for a signal controlled road network Transportation Research 31B,1997
[40]杨东援,马哲军.路网容量分析的理论与方法[J].中国土木工程学会第七届年会暨毛以升诞辰100周年纪念论文集,1995
[41]Assad A.A.Multi commodi ty network flows——a survey.Networks 8,1978
[42]路易斯.马尚,一个广义概念——城市的时间和空间消耗,城市交通研究参考资料(第一集),天津市交通综合研究组,1986
[43]周溪召,刘灿齐,杨佩昆.高峰时段城市道路网时空资源和交通空间容量[J].上海:同济大学学报,1996
[44]杨涛,徐吉谦.时空消耗概念下的道路网总体容量研究[J].南京:东南大学运输工程研究所
[45]胡绍荣.城市道路交通供需平衡理论研究[D].西安:长安大学硕士学位论文,2004
[46]李旭宏,田锋,顾政华.城市道路网供求分析技术[J].交通运输工程学报.2002(6)
[47]WANG WEI,XU Jiqian,ect.Urban transportation planning[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1999
[48]陆锡明等.综合交通规划[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2002
[49]石飞.城市道路等级级配及布局方法研究[D].南京:东南大学博士学位论文,2006
[50]杨光杰,赵成泉.城市路网结构评价方法探讨[J].淄博学院学报(自然科学与工程版),2004