大型建设项目预制梁场的选址和生产优化研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的发展和建筑技术的逐步提高,越来越多的大型项目被提上建设的日程中。在大型建设项目的建设过程中,预制梁的生产在很多项目中对工程都起着至关重要的作用。预制梁场作为预制梁的生产基地,其选址和布局在一定程度上除了能对生产活动产生直接影响外,还对工程单位的经济效益、国家土地资源的节约等诸多因素产生直接的影响。在梁台选址方面,按照科学的梁场选址原则进行梁场的选址,可以有利于生产的顺利进行,同时也可以方便后续的预制梁运输使用等诸多环节。而决定梁场内部生产的关键因素则是梁场内部的布局,合理科学的优化梁场内部布局,特别是对梁场内部梁台的优化设置,是梁场内部优化布局的核心所在。
在现今的工程实践中,大多数梁场在选址和布局时都遵从的是传统的以经验为主的布局方法,这种方法在使用效果上由于经历了大量实践的检验基本可以满足要求,但是在很多细节上通过科学的优化还有很多的提升空间。特别是现在的工程项目有很多都具有项目影响巨大、工程量大、工程复杂等特点,在很多控制性节点工程上要求较高,这个时候传统的选址和布局方法在很多地方就不能胜任,因此找到一种科学合理的优化方法,对梁台布置进行优化是很有必要的。本文在深入研究国内外相关文献的基础上,先从外围梁场的整体选址着手,首先探讨了预制梁场的选址问题,在介绍预制梁场的厂址类型的基础上,分析了预制梁场选址的选址原则和对选址起重要影响的相关因素。而后进入本文的核心,大型建设项目粱场的布局设计和优化,从理论出发,在有充分的理论依据的前提下,对大型建设项目梁场的布局优化设计建立相应的优化模型,为了检验模型的有效性,选取了无锡东梁场作为实例对模型进行应用检验,结果证明通过模型优化后的梁场布局比传统的布置方法有一定程度的改进,在现实中是切实可行并且有效的。
With the gradual improvement of the socio-economic development and building technology, more and more large-scale projects on the construction schedule. In the process of building large-scale construction projects, the production of precast beams in many projects of the project plays a vital role. Precast beam as a production base for precast beams, the location and layout in addition to a direct impact on production activities to a certain extent, also the economic benefits of the engineering units, the conservation of national land resources, and many other factors have a direct impact. Site selection in the beam, the beam field site in accordance with the scientific field of the beam location principle, can be conducive to the smooth production, but can also facilitate the subsequent use of precast beam transport and many other areas. The key factor in decision to the internal production of the beam field is the internal layout of the beam field, the internal layout of reasonable scientific optimized beam field, especially within the beam field beam station optimized settings, optimize the layout of the core within the beam field. In modern engineering practice, most of the beam field in the location and layout are to comply with the traditional experience-based layout method, this method is in the effect of the experience of a large number of the test of practice to meet the basic requirements, but in many details by the optimization of science there are a lot of room for improvement.
Projects now have a huge impact of the project, project volume, project complexity, higher requirements on the controlling node works, the traditional location and layout of this time in many places can not do, Therefore, to find a scientific and rational optimization method, it is necessary to optimize the beam arrangement. On the basis of in-depth study of relevant literature, start with the peripheral beams of the overall site to proceed, first discussed the precast beam the location of the problem, introduced precast beam field site type based on the analysis of the precast beam the field site location principles and site play an important factor. And then into the core of this paper, the beam field of the large construction projects, layout design and optimization, from the theory, under the premise that there is sufficient theoretical basis, the optimization design of the beam field layout of the large-scale construction projects to establish the corresponding optimization model, in order to test the model the effectiveness of selected Wuxi East beam field application test model as an example, results show that a certain degree of improvement than the traditional layout of methods through the beam field in the model optimized layout, in reality, is feasible and effective.
在现今的工程实践中,大多数梁场在选址和布局时都遵从的是传统的以经验为主的布局方法,这种方法在使用效果上由于经历了大量实践的检验基本可以满足要求,但是在很多细节上通过科学的优化还有很多的提升空间。特别是现在的工程项目有很多都具有项目影响巨大、工程量大、工程复杂等特点,在很多控制性节点工程上要求较高,这个时候传统的选址和布局方法在很多地方就不能胜任,因此找到一种科学合理的优化方法,对梁台布置进行优化是很有必要的。本文在深入研究国内外相关文献的基础上,先从外围梁场的整体选址着手,首先探讨了预制梁场的选址问题,在介绍预制梁场的厂址类型的基础上,分析了预制梁场选址的选址原则和对选址起重要影响的相关因素。而后进入本文的核心,大型建设项目粱场的布局设计和优化,从理论出发,在有充分的理论依据的前提下,对大型建设项目梁场的布局优化设计建立相应的优化模型,为了检验模型的有效性,选取了无锡东梁场作为实例对模型进行应用检验,结果证明通过模型优化后的梁场布局比传统的布置方法有一定程度的改进,在现实中是切实可行并且有效的。
With the gradual improvement of the socio-economic development and building technology, more and more large-scale projects on the construction schedule. In the process of building large-scale construction projects, the production of precast beams in many projects of the project plays a vital role. Precast beam as a production base for precast beams, the location and layout in addition to a direct impact on production activities to a certain extent, also the economic benefits of the engineering units, the conservation of national land resources, and many other factors have a direct impact. Site selection in the beam, the beam field site in accordance with the scientific field of the beam location principle, can be conducive to the smooth production, but can also facilitate the subsequent use of precast beam transport and many other areas. The key factor in decision to the internal production of the beam field is the internal layout of the beam field, the internal layout of reasonable scientific optimized beam field, especially within the beam field beam station optimized settings, optimize the layout of the core within the beam field. In modern engineering practice, most of the beam field in the location and layout are to comply with the traditional experience-based layout method, this method is in the effect of the experience of a large number of the test of practice to meet the basic requirements, but in many details by the optimization of science there are a lot of room for improvement.
Projects now have a huge impact of the project, project volume, project complexity, higher requirements on the controlling node works, the traditional location and layout of this time in many places can not do, Therefore, to find a scientific and rational optimization method, it is necessary to optimize the beam arrangement. On the basis of in-depth study of relevant literature, start with the peripheral beams of the overall site to proceed, first discussed the precast beam the location of the problem, introduced precast beam field site type based on the analysis of the precast beam the field site location principles and site play an important factor. And then into the core of this paper, the beam field of the large construction projects, layout design and optimization, from the theory, under the premise that there is sufficient theoretical basis, the optimization design of the beam field layout of the large-scale construction projects to establish the corresponding optimization model, in order to test the model the effectiveness of selected Wuxi East beam field application test model as an example, results show that a certain degree of improvement than the traditional layout of methods through the beam field in the model optimized layout, in reality, is feasible and effective.
引文
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[3]Muther R. Systematic Layout Planning[M].Boston, MA.: Cahners Books,1973.
[4]刘春玲.TFT—LCD中小尺寸模组组装车间设施布局问题研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2007：17-18.
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[6]Dyckhoff H. Typology of cutting and packing problems[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1990,44(2):145-159.
[7]Kouvelis P. Algorithms for robust single and multiple period layout planning for manufacturing systems[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1992, 63(2): 287-303.
[8]Liggett R S. Automated facilities layout: past, present and future[J]. Automation in Construction,2000,9:197-215.
[9]Meller R D, Gau K Y. The facility layout problem:recent and emerging trends and perspectives [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems,1996,15(5):351-366.
[10]Marcello B, Simone Z, Lucio Z. Layout design in dynamic environment: analytical issues[J]. Intl. Trans. in Op. Res.12(2005) 1-19.
[11]Marcello B, Simone Z Lucio Z. Robust versus stable layout design in stochastic environments[J]. Production planning & control.2005,16(1):71-80.
[12]于瑞峰,王永县,朱友芹.基于人因学的工作地设施布局的优化研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004.3：40-41.
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[14]唐宇.基于微粒群算法的车间调度问题研究[D].杭州：浙江工业大学,2007.
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[16]梁毅.铁路客运专线箱梁预制场规划设计原则与方法[J].铁道建筑技术,2006,(2)：1-4.
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[19]Balas, E., Machine sequencing via disjunctive graphs[J]:An implicit enumeration algorithm[J],Operations Research,1969,17(6):1-10.
[20]Srinivasan, V., Ahybrid algorithm for the one machine sequencing Problem to minimize Total tardiness[J],Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1971,18(3):317-320.
[21]许争.多资源车间生产调度优化问题的研究[J].机械制造,2010,48(3)：78-79.
[22]李宏霞,彭威,史海波.装配车间的多品种变批量的生产调度优化模型[J].机械设计与制造,2006,(6)：94-96.
[23]初红艳,曹全军,费仁元.基于加工单元的制造车间的生产调度研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2006.32(8)：730-735.
[24]刘小华,林杰,邓可.基于遗传粒子群混合的可重入生产调度优化[J].同济大学学报,2011,39(5)：726-771.
[25]王成双,丁勇.基于遗传算法的生产调度研究[J].长春理工大学学报,2009,4(8)：65-69.
[26]程萍.高速铁路客运专线预制梁场规划设计与研究[J].山西建筑,2009,35(10)：122-125.
[27]方自安,林立文.广深港客运专线梁场总体布局和结构设计[J].21世纪建筑材料,2010(5)：34-37.
[28]徐宏伟,王江.广珠线轨道板生产线布置及工艺研究[J].线路路基,2009(5)：3-5。
[29]文德安,陈士轩.哈尔滨至大连客运专线某梁场建设技术研究[J].山西建筑,2008,34(19)：270-274。
[30]郭卫东.基于AHP的桥梁工程预制梁厂选择模型研究[J].洛阳理工学院学报,2011,21(2)：32-36.
[31]韩荣华.客运专线Ⅱ型板预制场的布置分析[J].铁路工程造价管理,2010(1)：11-15.
[32]张立军.客运专线超重箱梁预制场场址选择与平面布局研究[J].建材世界,2007(4)：45-47.
[33]陈爱民,胡名良.客运专线某梁场整体布置方案的选择和实施[J].交通科技,2009,233(2)：116-120.
[34]王吉连,袁丹诚,李陆平.客运专线铁路预制梁场选址与总体布局的实践[J].铁路标准设计,2008(6)：35-38.
[35]赵成贵.客运专线预制梁场布置方案研究[J].石家庄铁路职业技术学院学报,2011(6)：6-8.
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[37]李亮亮.山区高速公路预制梁场的选择及布置[J].中国心技术新产品,2011(5)：80.
[38]李闻.铁路客运专线预制梁场存梁台座设计研究[J].铁道标准设计,2009增刊：91-97.
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