地震次生灾害的数值模拟
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摘要
本文概述了国内外有关地震次生灾害及其数值模拟方面的研究现状，分析了现有的可用于地震次生灾害数值模拟的数值模型，选用、建立了地震次生灾害的数值模拟模型、灾害影响模型和损失评估方法。基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System)编制了地震次生灾害的数值模拟和损失评估程序，为震后的应急管理、地震次生灾害的损失评估和次生灾害源的日常管理提供了定量、直观、有效的分析与评估的依据。
城市地震次生灾害是伴随破坏性地震发生的危害性很大的一类灾害。本文中针对城市进行了几种典型的地震次生灾害的数值模拟研究，主要内容如下：
1．概述了国内外有关地震次生灾害及其数值模拟方面的研究现状，分析了进行地震次生灾害数值模拟所依据的基本理论和采用的数学模型。
2．地震次生火灾数值模型研究：给出了震后与建筑物属性相关的地震次生火灾发生概率模型；建立了城市地震次生火灾高危险区确定方法；采用了惠更斯原理进行了城市地震次生火灾的动态模拟，给出了地震次生火灾燃烧范围、蔓延过程的模拟。
3．地震次生爆炸数值模型研究：采用冲击波伤害——破坏准则，确定爆炸引起的人员伤害区域和建筑物破坏区域模型、人员伤亡计算模型、经济损失和爆炸严重度的计算模型。
4．地震次生毒气扩散数值模型研究：采用通用的高斯(Gauss)烟羽模式的数学模型进行数值模拟；建立了三种符合实际情况的扩散模式；给出了其扩散范围和扩散过程的模拟。
5．根据实际需要，分别在Matlab、AcrWiew3.2a、AcrWiew8.1软件平台上进行了地震次生灾害的分析和数值模拟的二次开发。
6．结合GIS，依据AcrWiew8.1软件平台编制了地震次生灾害的数值模拟程序；给出了相应的分析例。
In this paper, domestic and international current situation of studies on the numerical simulation of secondary disasters of earthquake have been summed up. Then some existing mathematic models of the numerical simulation of secondary disasters are analyzed. Finally, some models of effecting disasters and loss assessment methods of secondary disasters are selected and built up.
Based on the Geographic Information System (GIS), programs of numerical simulation and loss assessment of secondary disasters are compiled. It is quantitative, visual, effective basis of assessment at seismic emergence, loss assessment of secondary disasters, daily managements of disaster sources.
The secondary disasters following the destructive earthquake have relatively high dangerous in urban. In this paper, numerical simulations of several kinds of typical secondary disasters of earthquake are studied for cities. Some main works are following:
1. Summing up domestic and international current situation of studies on secondary disasters of earthquake. And analyzing the basic theory and adopted mathematics models in the field.
2. Studying on the numerical simulation of secondary fire of earthquake: the occurrence probability models of secondary fire are given according to attributes of the building, the method of defining high hazard area is defined; the dynamic numerical simulations of secondary fire are made by using Huygens' Principle in urban, the numerical simulation of the spread range and the spread course of secondary fire are gained [35l
3. Studying on the numerical simulation of secondary explosion: some models of dangerous area of casualties, distribution area of destructive buildings, numerical calculations of casualties, economic losses and serious degree calculation after explosion are provided by using the law of shock wave's harm and destroy.
4. Studying on the numerical simulation of secondary poison gas leakage and diffusion: three kinds of diffusion models are set up according to the reality by using Gauss mathematics model which is used in common; its numerical
simulations of the spread range and the spread course are given.
5. According to the actual need, analysis and numerical simulations of secondary disasters are carried on by using the Matlab, AcrWiew3.2a and AcrWiew8.l software separately
6. Based on GIS, programs of numerical simulations of secondary disasters are compiled and corresponding analysis examples are given in AcrWiew8.l software.
城市地震次生灾害是伴随破坏性地震发生的危害性很大的一类灾害。本文中针对城市进行了几种典型的地震次生灾害的数值模拟研究，主要内容如下：
1．概述了国内外有关地震次生灾害及其数值模拟方面的研究现状，分析了进行地震次生灾害数值模拟所依据的基本理论和采用的数学模型。
2．地震次生火灾数值模型研究：给出了震后与建筑物属性相关的地震次生火灾发生概率模型；建立了城市地震次生火灾高危险区确定方法；采用了惠更斯原理进行了城市地震次生火灾的动态模拟，给出了地震次生火灾燃烧范围、蔓延过程的模拟。
3．地震次生爆炸数值模型研究：采用冲击波伤害——破坏准则，确定爆炸引起的人员伤害区域和建筑物破坏区域模型、人员伤亡计算模型、经济损失和爆炸严重度的计算模型。
4．地震次生毒气扩散数值模型研究：采用通用的高斯(Gauss)烟羽模式的数学模型进行数值模拟；建立了三种符合实际情况的扩散模式；给出了其扩散范围和扩散过程的模拟。
5．根据实际需要，分别在Matlab、AcrWiew3.2a、AcrWiew8.1软件平台上进行了地震次生灾害的分析和数值模拟的二次开发。
6．结合GIS，依据AcrWiew8.1软件平台编制了地震次生灾害的数值模拟程序；给出了相应的分析例。
In this paper, domestic and international current situation of studies on the numerical simulation of secondary disasters of earthquake have been summed up. Then some existing mathematic models of the numerical simulation of secondary disasters are analyzed. Finally, some models of effecting disasters and loss assessment methods of secondary disasters are selected and built up.
Based on the Geographic Information System (GIS), programs of numerical simulation and loss assessment of secondary disasters are compiled. It is quantitative, visual, effective basis of assessment at seismic emergence, loss assessment of secondary disasters, daily managements of disaster sources.
The secondary disasters following the destructive earthquake have relatively high dangerous in urban. In this paper, numerical simulations of several kinds of typical secondary disasters of earthquake are studied for cities. Some main works are following:
1. Summing up domestic and international current situation of studies on secondary disasters of earthquake. And analyzing the basic theory and adopted mathematics models in the field.
2. Studying on the numerical simulation of secondary fire of earthquake: the occurrence probability models of secondary fire are given according to attributes of the building, the method of defining high hazard area is defined; the dynamic numerical simulations of secondary fire are made by using Huygens' Principle in urban, the numerical simulation of the spread range and the spread course of secondary fire are gained [35l
3. Studying on the numerical simulation of secondary explosion: some models of dangerous area of casualties, distribution area of destructive buildings, numerical calculations of casualties, economic losses and serious degree calculation after explosion are provided by using the law of shock wave's harm and destroy.
4. Studying on the numerical simulation of secondary poison gas leakage and diffusion: three kinds of diffusion models are set up according to the reality by using Gauss mathematics model which is used in common; its numerical
simulations of the spread range and the spread course are given.
5. According to the actual need, analysis and numerical simulations of secondary disasters are carried on by using the Matlab, AcrWiew3.2a and AcrWiew8.l software separately
6. Based on GIS, programs of numerical simulations of secondary disasters are compiled and corresponding analysis examples are given in AcrWiew8.l software.
引文
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