摘要
海洋混响是水声学的基本物理现象之一。对于主动声纳来说,混响是一种特有的背景干扰,因此自有声纳以来,混响的研究就一直没有停止。近年来,由于浅海目标探测的需要,对主动声纳系统的要求也越来越高,这就要求声纳设计师们对混响场的时空分布有更深刻的认识。本论文以大量海试数据为依据,研究了海底混响的时空相关特性。并为了方便研究海底混响的相关特性,给出了一种海底混响仿真方法。
本论文给出的海底混响仿真方法,物理意义明确,降低了计算量,有一定的可行性。用此方法模拟出了垂直分置的混响信号,并分析了散射场的全场、近场和远场的时空相关特性与声波的频率、散射系数的指数和散射系数相关半径的关系。
另一方面,对于海试数据处理部分,对应用于海试的接收系统的做了校准实验,并分析了系统的相位误差;描述了海试的概况,并且针对海底地势和发射信号的不同,对海试混响数据的时间空间相关性也展开讨论。
本文所得出的结论可为混响信号的建模及其相关特性的研究提供参考。
Ocean reverberation is one of the basic physical phenomena in underwater acoustics. For the active sonar, reverberation is an important interference and the research of reverberation has been going along. In recent years, because of the needs of the target detection in shallow water active sonar system is requested more strictly. So the sonar designers need to have deeper understanding of time-space distributing of reverberation. This thesis investigates the correlative characteristics based on a number of experiment data and brings forward a bottom reverberation simulation method that is very useful.
The bottom reverberation simulation method of this thesis presented has a very definite physics meaning, reduces the calculation. The vertical bistatic reverberation signal is simulated by this method. The time-space correlative characteristics from the signal frequency, exponent of scattering coefficient and correlative radius of scattering coefficient in the near-field, distant-field and whole-field is analyzed.
In the other hand, for the processing of ocean experiment data, the experiment for adjusting receiving system that is applied in ocean experiment is introduced, and the phase error is analyzed. The condition to ocean experiment is described. The space-time correlative characteristic of reverberation under the different bottom hypsography and transmitting signal is also discussed.
The conclusion of this thesis offers the guide for the reverberation simulating model and its correlative characteristics.
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