微量养分锌、硒和维生素E对种猪生长发育和繁殖性能影响的研究
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摘要
本文研究微量养分锌、硒和维生素E对种猪生长发育和繁殖性能的影响。论文分三大部分：第一部分为文献综述部分；第二部分母猪部分，包括第二至第四章，采用L_9(3~4)正交表试验设计；第三部分为公猪部分，包括第五至第七章，采用5×5正交拉丁方试验设计。
第二章研究的目的是探索饲粮微量养分锌(三个水平分别为45、85、125mg．kg~(-1)饲粮)、硒(三个水平分别为0.10、0.25、0.40 mg．kg~(-1)饲粮)和维生素E(三个水平分别为15、30、45 IU．kg~(-1)饲粮)对后备母猪(长白×约克)相关参数的影响规律。结果表明，在喂给含锌量85 mg．kg~(-1)、含硒量0.25 mg．kg~(-1)、含维生素E量45 IU．kg~(-1)饲粮时：(1)后备母猪的初次发情时间最早(P＜0.05)，分别为187.4±6.6日龄，185.9±8.4日龄，189.1±7.3日龄；(2)血清雌激素及孕激素浓度在不同日龄(75、105、135、165日龄)情况下均显示最高水平(P＜0.05)；(3)血清总蛋白含量最高(P＜0.10)，血清尿素浓度最低(P＜0.10)，提示机体对蛋白质有较高的利用率；(4)血清GSH-Px活力最高(P＜0.05或P＜0.10)，同时发现后备母猪生长发育前期血清GSH-Px活力比生长发育后期低，提示生长前期比后期机体代谢强度相对较强，产生的过氧化物也相对较多。综合所考察的参数，后备母猪饲粮中含锌85
广西人学博卜学位论文微量养分锌、硒和维生素E对种猪生长发育和繁殆性能影响的研究
mg.kg一，、硒0.25 mg.kg一，、维生素E45 1 U.kg一，是理想的组合。
第三章的目的为研究饲粮微量元素锌(三个水平分别为45、85、
125 mg.kg一，饲粮)、硒(三个水平分别为0.10、0.25、0.40 mg.kg一，
饲粮)和维生素E(三个水平分别为15、30、45 IU.吨一，饲粮)对初
产母猪(长白x约克)繁殖性能及相关参数的影响规律。结果表明:饲
粮中含锌量125mg.kg一，、含硒量0.4Omg.kg一，、含维生素E量45!U/kg
时，(1)可以获得最多的窝产活仔数(p<口.10)，分别为9.9士1 .1头，
9.9士1 .4头，10.0士1 .2头;母猪断奶返情时间间隔也最短，分别为
1 76·lh(p<0.10)，174.Zh(p<0.]O)，169.6h护 清雌激素浓度在妊娠期维持相对高水平;孕激素妊娠前期维持相对高
水平，后期维持相对低水平，其繁殖性能表现较好。(3)血清尿素浓度
最低，提示机体对蛋白质有较高的利用率。(4)血清GS日一px活力妊娠
，后期比妊娠前期低，提示妊娠后期比妊娠前期母体和胎儿代谢过程产
生的过氧化物较多。综合所考察的参数，初产母猪饲粮中含锌125
mg·kg一，、硒0.40 mg.比一，、维生素E45 IU.kg一，是理想的组合用量。
第四章研究的目的为探索饲粮微量养分锌(三个水平分别为45、
85、125mg.kg一，饲粮)、硒(三个水平分别为0.10、0.25、0.40mg.kg一，
饲粮)和维生素E(三个水平分别为15、30、45 IU.kg一，饲粮)对经
产母猪(长白x约克)相关参数的影响规律，结果表明:饲粮中含锌量
85 mg.吨一，、含硒量o.40mg.比一，、含维生素E量45lu.kg一，时，(1)可
以获得最多的窝产活仔数(尸伯./动，分别为10.3士1 .0头，10.2士1 .2
头，10.3士1.0头;母猪断奶返情时间间隔也最短(尸c0.四。(2)经产
广西大学博l_学位论文微量养分锌、硒和维生索E对种猪生长发育和繁殖性能形响的研究
妊娠母猪血清雌激素浓度在妊娠期维持相对高水平;孕激素妊娠前期
维持相对高水平，后期维持相对低水平，其繁殖性能较好，与初产母
猪的情况一致。(3)血清总蛋白含量最高(尸似/动，血清尿素浓度最低
(P<0./动，提示机体对蛋白质有较高的利用率。(4)血清Gs日一Px活力
妊娠后期比妊娠前期低，提示妊娠后期比妊娠前期母体和胎儿代谢过
程产生的过氧化物更多，与初产母猪的情况相似。综合得出，经产母
猪饲粮中含锌85 mg.kg一，、硒o.40mg.kg一，、维生素E45lu.kg一，是理
想的组合用量。
第五章研究的目的是通过喂给公猪不同含锌量(处理1、处理2、
处理3、处理4和处理5分别为45mg.kg一，、65mg.kg一，、85mg.kg一，、
losmg.kg一，和125mg.kg一，)的饲粮，测定其繁殖参数、精浆生殖激素
以及精浆营养生化参数等指标的变化，探索微量元素锌对种公猪繁殖
性能的影响规律，为确定饲粮中适宜的锌用量提供科学的依据。结果
表明:(l)精浆中FSH浓度处理3显著高于处理1和处理5(尸c0.05);
精浆中LH及T浓度处理3与处理1和处理5之间有差异(尸co. 10)。
(2)精浆的GSH一Px活力，处理3、4显著高于处理1、5(P似的。(3)
采精量，精子密度，精浆总蛋白含量，精液pH等，在各处理间没有
差异(丹0./0)。(4)精子活率，精浆FSH、LH、T浓度，精浆GSH一Px
的活力有一定的变化趋势:即在一定范围内(45一85 mg.kg一，)，它们
随饲粮锌水平的增加而增加，超出该范围则随饲粮锌水平的增加而降
低;而精子畸形率、精浆尿素浓度的变化趋势为:在一定范围内(45一85
mg.比一，)，创门随饲粮锌水平的增加而降低，超出该范围则随饲粮锌
This thesis studied in effects of dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E content on growth and reproductive performance in breeding pigs, and it is arranged in three parts: part I, i.e chapter I, is a review of literatures; part II including chapters II-IV, deals with the experimental work in female breeding pigs, a L9 (34) orthogonal test design was used; part III including chapters V-VII, deals with the experimental work in boars, a 5x5 orthogonal latin square test design was used.
The objective of the study in chapter II was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc ( three levels, i.e 45, 85, 125 mg.kg-1 diet), selenium (three levels, i.e 0.10, 0.25, 0.40 mg.kg1 diet ] and vitamin E ( three levels, i.e 15 s 30 s 45 lU.kg-1 diet ) content on relative parameters in prepubertal gilts. The results indicated that when the
prepubertal gilts were fed a diet containing 85 mg.kg-1 of zinc, 0.25 mg.kg"1 of selenium and 45 IU.kg-1 of vitamin E : (1) the age of first estrus was the earliest, i.e. 187.4+6.6 days, 185.9+8.4days, 189.1 + 7.3days [P<0.05 ), respectively. (2) estrogen and progesterone concentration in serum were the highest ( P<0.05). (3) total protein content in serum maintained the highest level ( P<0.10) and urea concentration n serum maintained the lowest level ( P<0.10) which might mean that higher protein efficiency to body. (4) GSH-Px activity in serum was highest ( P<0.05or P<0.10) An conclusion, the appropriate content of dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E is 85 mg.kg-1, 0.25 mg.kg-1, and 45 lU.kg-1 respectively for crossbred prepubertal gilts (Danish landrace x Yorksire).
The objective of the study in chapter III was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc (three levels, i.e 45, 85, 125 mg.kg-1 diet), selenium (three levels, i.e 0.10s 0.25s 40 mg.kg1 diet) and vitamin E (three levels, i.e 15s 30s 45 lU.kg-1 diet) content on reproductive performance and relative parameters in primiparous gilts. The results indicated that when the dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E content were 125 mg.kg-1, 0.40 mg.kg-1, 45 lU.kg-1 , respectively (1) litter sizes were the largest in gilts ( P<0.10): 9.9+ 1.1 piglets/litter, 9.9 + 1.4 piglets/litter, 10.0+ 1.2 piglets/litter, respectively; the gestation and the interval from post-weaning to estrus were the shortest ( P<0.10 ). (2) primiparous gilts show better reproductive
performance when estrogen concentration in serum maintained relative high level during pregnancy, and when progesterone concentration in serum maintained relative high level during the early part of pregnancy and relative low level during the late part of pregnancy. (3) total protein content in serum maintained high level and urea concentration in serum maintained low level which might mean that higher protein efficiency to maternal body and fetus. (4) GSH-Px activity in serum was lower during the late part of pregnancy than that during the early part of pregnancy, which means that more peroxides may produce during the late part of pregnancy. In conclusion, the appropriate content of dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E is 125 mg.kg-1, 0.40 mg.kg-1, and 45 lU.kg-1 , respectively for crossbred primiparous gilts ( Danish landrace x Yorksire).
The objective of the study in chapter IV was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc (three levels, i.e 45, 85, 125 mg.kg-1 diet), selenium (three levels, i.e 0.10, 0.25, 40 mg.kg-1 diet )and vitamin Efthree levels, i.e 15, 30, 45 lU.kg-1 diet) content on reproductive performance and serum reproductive hormones and serum nutritive-biochemical parameters in sows. The results indicated that when the dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E content were 85 mg.kg-1, 0.40 mg.kg-1, 45 lU.kg-1, respectively (1) litter sizes were the largest ( P<0.10 ): 10.3 +1.0, 10.2 +1.2, 10.3 +1.0 piglets/litter,
respectively, and the interval from post-weaning to estrus were the shortest ( P<0.05). (2) sows show better reproductive performance as primiparous gilts when estrogen concentration in serum maintained relative high level during pregnancy, a
第二章研究的目的是探索饲粮微量养分锌(三个水平分别为45、85、125mg．kg~(-1)饲粮)、硒(三个水平分别为0.10、0.25、0.40 mg．kg~(-1)饲粮)和维生素E(三个水平分别为15、30、45 IU．kg~(-1)饲粮)对后备母猪(长白×约克)相关参数的影响规律。结果表明，在喂给含锌量85 mg．kg~(-1)、含硒量0.25 mg．kg~(-1)、含维生素E量45 IU．kg~(-1)饲粮时：(1)后备母猪的初次发情时间最早(P＜0.05)，分别为187.4±6.6日龄，185.9±8.4日龄，189.1±7.3日龄；(2)血清雌激素及孕激素浓度在不同日龄(75、105、135、165日龄)情况下均显示最高水平(P＜0.05)；(3)血清总蛋白含量最高(P＜0.10)，血清尿素浓度最低(P＜0.10)，提示机体对蛋白质有较高的利用率；(4)血清GSH-Px活力最高(P＜0.05或P＜0.10)，同时发现后备母猪生长发育前期血清GSH-Px活力比生长发育后期低，提示生长前期比后期机体代谢强度相对较强，产生的过氧化物也相对较多。综合所考察的参数，后备母猪饲粮中含锌85
广西人学博卜学位论文微量养分锌、硒和维生素E对种猪生长发育和繁殆性能影响的研究
mg.kg一，、硒0.25 mg.kg一，、维生素E45 1 U.kg一，是理想的组合。
第三章的目的为研究饲粮微量元素锌(三个水平分别为45、85、
125 mg.kg一，饲粮)、硒(三个水平分别为0.10、0.25、0.40 mg.kg一，
饲粮)和维生素E(三个水平分别为15、30、45 IU.吨一，饲粮)对初
产母猪(长白x约克)繁殖性能及相关参数的影响规律。结果表明:饲
粮中含锌量125mg.kg一，、含硒量0.4Omg.kg一，、含维生素E量45!U/kg
时，(1)可以获得最多的窝产活仔数(p<口.10)，分别为9.9士1 .1头，
9.9士1 .4头，10.0士1 .2头;母猪断奶返情时间间隔也最短，分别为
1 76·lh(p<0.10)，174.Zh(p<0.]O)，169.6h护
水平，后期维持相对低水平，其繁殖性能表现较好。(3)血清尿素浓度
最低，提示机体对蛋白质有较高的利用率。(4)血清GS日一px活力妊娠
，后期比妊娠前期低，提示妊娠后期比妊娠前期母体和胎儿代谢过程产
生的过氧化物较多。综合所考察的参数，初产母猪饲粮中含锌125
mg·kg一，、硒0.40 mg.比一，、维生素E45 IU.kg一，是理想的组合用量。
第四章研究的目的为探索饲粮微量养分锌(三个水平分别为45、
85、125mg.kg一，饲粮)、硒(三个水平分别为0.10、0.25、0.40mg.kg一，
饲粮)和维生素E(三个水平分别为15、30、45 IU.kg一，饲粮)对经
产母猪(长白x约克)相关参数的影响规律，结果表明:饲粮中含锌量
85 mg.吨一，、含硒量o.40mg.比一，、含维生素E量45lu.kg一，时，(1)可
以获得最多的窝产活仔数(尸伯./动，分别为10.3士1 .0头，10.2士1 .2
头，10.3士1.0头;母猪断奶返情时间间隔也最短(尸c0.四。(2)经产
广西大学博l_学位论文微量养分锌、硒和维生索E对种猪生长发育和繁殖性能形响的研究
妊娠母猪血清雌激素浓度在妊娠期维持相对高水平;孕激素妊娠前期
维持相对高水平，后期维持相对低水平，其繁殖性能较好，与初产母
猪的情况一致。(3)血清总蛋白含量最高(尸似/动，血清尿素浓度最低
(P<0./动，提示机体对蛋白质有较高的利用率。(4)血清Gs日一Px活力
妊娠后期比妊娠前期低，提示妊娠后期比妊娠前期母体和胎儿代谢过
程产生的过氧化物更多，与初产母猪的情况相似。综合得出，经产母
猪饲粮中含锌85 mg.kg一，、硒o.40mg.kg一，、维生素E45lu.kg一，是理
想的组合用量。
第五章研究的目的是通过喂给公猪不同含锌量(处理1、处理2、
处理3、处理4和处理5分别为45mg.kg一，、65mg.kg一，、85mg.kg一，、
losmg.kg一，和125mg.kg一，)的饲粮，测定其繁殖参数、精浆生殖激素
以及精浆营养生化参数等指标的变化，探索微量元素锌对种公猪繁殖
性能的影响规律，为确定饲粮中适宜的锌用量提供科学的依据。结果
表明:(l)精浆中FSH浓度处理3显著高于处理1和处理5(尸c0.05);
精浆中LH及T浓度处理3与处理1和处理5之间有差异(尸co. 10)。
(2)精浆的GSH一Px活力，处理3、4显著高于处理1、5(P似的。(3)
采精量，精子密度，精浆总蛋白含量，精液pH等，在各处理间没有
差异(丹0./0)。(4)精子活率，精浆FSH、LH、T浓度，精浆GSH一Px
的活力有一定的变化趋势:即在一定范围内(45一85 mg.kg一，)，它们
随饲粮锌水平的增加而增加，超出该范围则随饲粮锌水平的增加而降
低;而精子畸形率、精浆尿素浓度的变化趋势为:在一定范围内(45一85
mg.比一，)，创门随饲粮锌水平的增加而降低，超出该范围则随饲粮锌
This thesis studied in effects of dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E content on growth and reproductive performance in breeding pigs, and it is arranged in three parts: part I, i.e chapter I, is a review of literatures; part II including chapters II-IV, deals with the experimental work in female breeding pigs, a L9 (34) orthogonal test design was used; part III including chapters V-VII, deals with the experimental work in boars, a 5x5 orthogonal latin square test design was used.
The objective of the study in chapter II was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc ( three levels, i.e 45, 85, 125 mg.kg-1 diet), selenium (three levels, i.e 0.10, 0.25, 0.40 mg.kg1 diet ] and vitamin E ( three levels, i.e 15 s 30 s 45 lU.kg-1 diet ) content on relative parameters in prepubertal gilts. The results indicated that when the
prepubertal gilts were fed a diet containing 85 mg.kg-1 of zinc, 0.25 mg.kg"1 of selenium and 45 IU.kg-1 of vitamin E : (1) the age of first estrus was the earliest, i.e. 187.4+6.6 days, 185.9+8.4days, 189.1 + 7.3days [P<0.05 ), respectively. (2) estrogen and progesterone concentration in serum were the highest ( P<0.05). (3) total protein content in serum maintained the highest level ( P<0.10) and urea concentration n serum maintained the lowest level ( P<0.10) which might mean that higher protein efficiency to body. (4) GSH-Px activity in serum was highest ( P<0.05or P<0.10) An conclusion, the appropriate content of dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E is 85 mg.kg-1, 0.25 mg.kg-1, and 45 lU.kg-1 respectively for crossbred prepubertal gilts (Danish landrace x Yorksire).
The objective of the study in chapter III was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc (three levels, i.e 45, 85, 125 mg.kg-1 diet), selenium (three levels, i.e 0.10s 0.25s 40 mg.kg1 diet) and vitamin E (three levels, i.e 15s 30s 45 lU.kg-1 diet) content on reproductive performance and relative parameters in primiparous gilts. The results indicated that when the dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E content were 125 mg.kg-1, 0.40 mg.kg-1, 45 lU.kg-1 , respectively (1) litter sizes were the largest in gilts ( P<0.10): 9.9+ 1.1 piglets/litter, 9.9 + 1.4 piglets/litter, 10.0+ 1.2 piglets/litter, respectively; the gestation and the interval from post-weaning to estrus were the shortest ( P<0.10 ). (2) primiparous gilts show better reproductive
performance when estrogen concentration in serum maintained relative high level during pregnancy, and when progesterone concentration in serum maintained relative high level during the early part of pregnancy and relative low level during the late part of pregnancy. (3) total protein content in serum maintained high level and urea concentration in serum maintained low level which might mean that higher protein efficiency to maternal body and fetus. (4) GSH-Px activity in serum was lower during the late part of pregnancy than that during the early part of pregnancy, which means that more peroxides may produce during the late part of pregnancy. In conclusion, the appropriate content of dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E is 125 mg.kg-1, 0.40 mg.kg-1, and 45 lU.kg-1 , respectively for crossbred primiparous gilts ( Danish landrace x Yorksire).
The objective of the study in chapter IV was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc (three levels, i.e 45, 85, 125 mg.kg-1 diet), selenium (three levels, i.e 0.10, 0.25, 40 mg.kg-1 diet )and vitamin Efthree levels, i.e 15, 30, 45 lU.kg-1 diet) content on reproductive performance and serum reproductive hormones and serum nutritive-biochemical parameters in sows. The results indicated that when the dietary zinc, selenium and vitamin E content were 85 mg.kg-1, 0.40 mg.kg-1, 45 lU.kg-1, respectively (1) litter sizes were the largest ( P<0.10 ): 10.3 +1.0, 10.2 +1.2, 10.3 +1.0 piglets/litter,
respectively, and the interval from post-weaning to estrus were the shortest ( P<0.05). (2) sows show better reproductive performance as primiparous gilts when estrogen concentration in serum maintained relative high level during pregnancy, a
引文
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