航空发动机滚动轴承保持架动力学研究
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摘要
作为航空发动机滚动轴承内部重要部件之一的保持架,其动态性能对轴承乃至整个传动系统的稳定性与可靠性有着极大的影响。本文以航空轴承中的角接触球轴承为例,对其保持架进行了动力学研究,并分析了在保持架的作用下轴承的整体性能。
首先根据滚动轴承内部的几何结构、运动形式及相关的基本理论,对滚动轴承内部各元件之间的几何关系与运动关系进行了研究。其次根据弹性力学、振动力学等理论,对轴承内部的各元件的受力情况进行了研究,建立了轴承整体的拟动力学模型,对轴承保持架的滑动率及动态性能进行了研究,确定了轴承的载荷、接触角、间隙及转速对保持架动态性能的影响规律。再次又对轴承的整体性能进行了分析,研究了轴承旋滚比、滚动体所受的力及力矩以及轴承刚度的影响因素,确定了在不同位置角的条件下保持架对滚动体法向作用力的作用形式及切向作用力的存在条件。最后,基于MATLAB软件,运用其M文件和GUIDE两种编程方式相结合的方法对滚动轴承拟动力学分析软件进行了设计与制作,使本文所建立的模型及理论运用起来既方便又高效。
本文对滚动轴承保持架的动态性能及轴承整体性能的研究,将为提高航空发动机滚动轴承的寿命和实现滚动轴承结构的优化设计提供重要的依据。
As one of the important parts in the aero-engine rolling bearing, the dynamic performance of the cage has a great effect on the stability and reliability of the bearing and the whole transmission system. This paper focuses on the angle contact ball bearing which is in the aero-bearing, and researches on the dynamic of the cage of the bearing, and analyses the performance of the whole bearing under the effect of the cage.
Firstly, according to the geometric structure and motion form of the rolling bearing and the relevant basic theory, the paper studies the geometric and operative relationship between the internal parts of the rolling bearing. Secondly, from the theory of elastic mechanics,vibration mechanics and so on, the paper studies the force state of the internal parts of bearing, builds a quasi-dynamic model of the whole bearing, researches the sliding rate and dynamic performance of the cage, and determines the effect law which is on the dynamic performance of the cage from the load, contact angle, clearance and rotational speed of the bearing. Thirdly, the paper analyses the performance of the whole bearing, researches the influence factors of the force and torque which is on the rollers, the ratio of spin to roll and the stiffness of the bearing, and determines the effect form of the normal force which is impacted to the roller from the cage and the existence condition of the tangential force under the different conditions of the position angle. Finally, based on MATLAB the paper combines M-files method with GUIDE method to design and produce the analysis software of the quasi-dynamic of the bearing, so that the model and theory which have been builded is convenient and efficient to use .
The research of this paper on the dynamic performance of the cage of the rolling bearing and the performance of the whole bearing will provide the main basis for increasing the life of the aero-engine rolling bearing and realizing the optimization design of the structure of rolling bearing.
首先根据滚动轴承内部的几何结构、运动形式及相关的基本理论,对滚动轴承内部各元件之间的几何关系与运动关系进行了研究。其次根据弹性力学、振动力学等理论,对轴承内部的各元件的受力情况进行了研究,建立了轴承整体的拟动力学模型,对轴承保持架的滑动率及动态性能进行了研究,确定了轴承的载荷、接触角、间隙及转速对保持架动态性能的影响规律。再次又对轴承的整体性能进行了分析,研究了轴承旋滚比、滚动体所受的力及力矩以及轴承刚度的影响因素,确定了在不同位置角的条件下保持架对滚动体法向作用力的作用形式及切向作用力的存在条件。最后,基于MATLAB软件,运用其M文件和GUIDE两种编程方式相结合的方法对滚动轴承拟动力学分析软件进行了设计与制作,使本文所建立的模型及理论运用起来既方便又高效。
本文对滚动轴承保持架的动态性能及轴承整体性能的研究,将为提高航空发动机滚动轴承的寿命和实现滚动轴承结构的优化设计提供重要的依据。
As one of the important parts in the aero-engine rolling bearing, the dynamic performance of the cage has a great effect on the stability and reliability of the bearing and the whole transmission system. This paper focuses on the angle contact ball bearing which is in the aero-bearing, and researches on the dynamic of the cage of the bearing, and analyses the performance of the whole bearing under the effect of the cage.
Firstly, according to the geometric structure and motion form of the rolling bearing and the relevant basic theory, the paper studies the geometric and operative relationship between the internal parts of the rolling bearing. Secondly, from the theory of elastic mechanics,vibration mechanics and so on, the paper studies the force state of the internal parts of bearing, builds a quasi-dynamic model of the whole bearing, researches the sliding rate and dynamic performance of the cage, and determines the effect law which is on the dynamic performance of the cage from the load, contact angle, clearance and rotational speed of the bearing. Thirdly, the paper analyses the performance of the whole bearing, researches the influence factors of the force and torque which is on the rollers, the ratio of spin to roll and the stiffness of the bearing, and determines the effect form of the normal force which is impacted to the roller from the cage and the existence condition of the tangential force under the different conditions of the position angle. Finally, based on MATLAB the paper combines M-files method with GUIDE method to design and produce the analysis software of the quasi-dynamic of the bearing, so that the model and theory which have been builded is convenient and efficient to use .
The research of this paper on the dynamic performance of the cage of the rolling bearing and the performance of the whole bearing will provide the main basis for increasing the life of the aero-engine rolling bearing and realizing the optimization design of the structure of rolling bearing.
引文
[1]焦育洁,马美玲.航空发动机主轴轴承的结构分析及参数选取[J].轴承,2006(3):1-3
[2]唐云冰.航空发动机高速滚动轴承动力学特性研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2005
[3] Jones.Ball motion and sliding friction in ball bearings[J].Journal of Basic Eng,1959(81):1-12
[4] Walters C T.The dynamics of ball bearings[J].Journal of Lub Tech,1971,93:1-10
[5] KannelJW,Bupara S S.A simplified model of cage motion in angular contact bearings operation in the EHD lubrication regime[J].Journal of Lub Tech,100:395-403
[6] Gupta P K.Advanced dynamics of rolling elements[M].New York:Springer– Verlag,1984
[7] Gupta P K.Cage unbalance and wear in ball bearings[J].Wear,1991(147):93-104
[8] MeeksCR. The dynamic of ball separators in ball bearings-part1:analysis[J].ASLE,1985,28(3):277-287
[9] Meeks C R,Tran L.Ball bearing dynamic analysis using computer methods– part1:analysis[J] .J of Trib,1996,118(1):52-58
[10] Aramaki H.Rolling bearing analysis program package“BRAIN”[J].Motion & Control,1997(3):15-24
[11] Stacke L E,Fritzson D.Dynamic behaviour of rolling bearing:simulations and experimentals[J] .Proc Instn Mech,Part J,2001,215(6):499-508
[12] Ghaisas,Wassgren,Sadeghi F.Cage instability in cylindrical roller bearings[J].Journal of Lub Tech of Trib,2004(126):681-689
[13]陈国定,张成铁,李建华.高速滚动轴承的动力学分析[J].机械科学与技术,1997(1):136-139
[14]周延泽,王春浩,陆震.高速滚动轴承保持架自由振动特性研究[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2001,27(5):596-599
[15]赖拥军,陆震.高速球轴承保持架的振动[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2001,27(6):619-622
[16]刘文秀,杨咸启,陈贵.高速滚子轴承保持架碰撞模型与运动分析[J].轴承,2003(9):1-5
[17]杨咸启,刘文秀,李晓玲.高速滚子轴承保持架动力学分析[J].轴承,2002,(7):1-5
[18]杜辉,周彦伟,邓四二等.高速圆柱滚子轴承零件间相互作用力瞬态动力学分析[J].轴承,2005(9):9-12
[19]张志华,邓四二,周彦伟等.高速圆柱滚子轴承保持架动力学分析[J].河南科技大学学报,2006(2):16-18
[20]邓四二,郝建军,滕弘飞等.角接触球轴承保持架动力学分析[J].轴承,2007(10):1-5
[21]张晓鹍,张宏.球轴承保持架动力学仿真及分析[J].煤矿机械,2010(2):81-84
[22]汪久根,王庆九,章维明.滚动轴承动力学的研究[J].轴承,2007(3):40-45
[23] Kingsbury E P.Ball motion in angular contact bearing[J]. Wear,1968(11): 41-50
[24] Boness R J,Gentle C R.Ball motion in thrust loaded ball bearing[J] .Wear,1975,35:131-148
[25] Scott D.Blackwell J,Mccullage PJ,Mills G H.Composite materials for rolling bearing cages[J].Wear,1970(15):257-269
[26] Goksem P G,Fletcher E J,Hargreaves R A.Measurement of roller speed in a cylindrical roller bearing using a laser anemometer[J]. Journal of Lub Tech of Lub Tech,1978(100):486-491
[27] Hoch P G.The influence of radial accelerations on plastics cages in rolling bearing[J].Ball BearingJournal of Lub Tech,1986(228):6-12
[28]张鹏顺,陆思聪.弹性流体动力润滑及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995
[29] Prashad H.The effect of cage and roller slip on the measured defect frequency response of rolling-element bearing[J].ASLE Trans,1987,30(3):360-367
[30] oshi A,Sadeghi F.Bearing cage temperature measurement using radio telemetry[J].Proc Instn Mech. Engrs Part J,2001(215):471-481
[31] Damiens B,Lubrech A A,Cann P M.Influence of cage clearance on bearing lubrication[J].Trib Trans,2004,47(1):2-6
[32]唐云冰,高德平,罗贵火.航空发动机滚动轴承的载荷分布研究[J].航空学报,2006(11):1117-1120
[33]吴云鹏,张文平,孙立红.滚动轴承力学模型的研究及其发展趋势[J].轴承,2004(7):44-46
[34]马家驹,丁仲明等.角接触球轴承的结构[J].机电工程,1998(5):47-49
[35]陈雄.角接触球轴承静力学与动力学分析[D].南京航空航天大学,2007.03
[36]罗继伟.滚动轴承受力分析及其发展[J].轴承,2001(9):28-31
[37]陈定国等.高速轴承元件间相互作用力的分析[J].轴承,1999(10):3-6
[38] R J Boness.The Effect of oil Supply on Cage and Roller Motion in a Lubricated Roller Bearing[J].ASME,1970,39-53
[39] R.J.Klecker.High Speed Cylindrical Roller Bearings Analysis[M].SKF computer Program. VolⅠ,Ⅱ,NASA-CR-159460,1978
[40]刘文秀.高速圆柱滚子轴承保持架动力学模型研究[D].中国海洋大学,2002
[41]张小国等.间隙接触碰撞副的动力学模型[J].机械设计,1998,12(12):17-18
[42]万长森.滚动轴承的分析方法[M].机械工业出版社,1985
[43] Y S Wang,BY Yang,LQ Wang.Investigation into the Traction Coefficient in Elastohydro-dynamic Lubrication Tribotest,2004,11(2):113-124
[44]王燕霜.航空润滑油流变特性及其对润滑性能影响的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[45]崔立.航空发动机高速滚动轴承及转子系统的动态性能研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2008
[46] G.B.Hadden,RJ,Kleckner,M.A.Ragen,L.Sheynin.Steady State and Transient Thermal Analysis of a Shaft Bearing System including Ball[M].Cylindrical and Tapered Roller Bearings NASA-CR-165365 1982
[47]李斌才.航空润滑油与润滑脂[J].烃加工出版社,第1版,1987:156
[48]姜维.机床主轴轴承动力学寿命理论研究[D].中国海洋大学,2008
[49]《航空发动机设计手册》总编委会.航空发动机设计手册第12册[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000:54-58
[50]王玉林等.新型界面开发工具:MATLAB/GUI[J].工程实践及应用技术,2008(6):50-52
[2]唐云冰.航空发动机高速滚动轴承动力学特性研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2005
[3] Jones.Ball motion and sliding friction in ball bearings[J].Journal of Basic Eng,1959(81):1-12
[4] Walters C T.The dynamics of ball bearings[J].Journal of Lub Tech,1971,93:1-10
[5] KannelJW,Bupara S S.A simplified model of cage motion in angular contact bearings operation in the EHD lubrication regime[J].Journal of Lub Tech,100:395-403
[6] Gupta P K.Advanced dynamics of rolling elements[M].New York:Springer– Verlag,1984
[7] Gupta P K.Cage unbalance and wear in ball bearings[J].Wear,1991(147):93-104
[8] MeeksCR. The dynamic of ball separators in ball bearings-part1:analysis[J].ASLE,1985,28(3):277-287
[9] Meeks C R,Tran L.Ball bearing dynamic analysis using computer methods– part1:analysis[J] .J of Trib,1996,118(1):52-58
[10] Aramaki H.Rolling bearing analysis program package“BRAIN”[J].Motion & Control,1997(3):15-24
[11] Stacke L E,Fritzson D.Dynamic behaviour of rolling bearing:simulations and experimentals[J] .Proc Instn Mech,Part J,2001,215(6):499-508
[12] Ghaisas,Wassgren,Sadeghi F.Cage instability in cylindrical roller bearings[J].Journal of Lub Tech of Trib,2004(126):681-689
[13]陈国定,张成铁,李建华.高速滚动轴承的动力学分析[J].机械科学与技术,1997(1):136-139
[14]周延泽,王春浩,陆震.高速滚动轴承保持架自由振动特性研究[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2001,27(5):596-599
[15]赖拥军,陆震.高速球轴承保持架的振动[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2001,27(6):619-622
[16]刘文秀,杨咸启,陈贵.高速滚子轴承保持架碰撞模型与运动分析[J].轴承,2003(9):1-5
[17]杨咸启,刘文秀,李晓玲.高速滚子轴承保持架动力学分析[J].轴承,2002,(7):1-5
[18]杜辉,周彦伟,邓四二等.高速圆柱滚子轴承零件间相互作用力瞬态动力学分析[J].轴承,2005(9):9-12
[19]张志华,邓四二,周彦伟等.高速圆柱滚子轴承保持架动力学分析[J].河南科技大学学报,2006(2):16-18
[20]邓四二,郝建军,滕弘飞等.角接触球轴承保持架动力学分析[J].轴承,2007(10):1-5
[21]张晓鹍,张宏.球轴承保持架动力学仿真及分析[J].煤矿机械,2010(2):81-84
[22]汪久根,王庆九,章维明.滚动轴承动力学的研究[J].轴承,2007(3):40-45
[23] Kingsbury E P.Ball motion in angular contact bearing[J]. Wear,1968(11): 41-50
[24] Boness R J,Gentle C R.Ball motion in thrust loaded ball bearing[J] .Wear,1975,35:131-148
[25] Scott D.Blackwell J,Mccullage PJ,Mills G H.Composite materials for rolling bearing cages[J].Wear,1970(15):257-269
[26] Goksem P G,Fletcher E J,Hargreaves R A.Measurement of roller speed in a cylindrical roller bearing using a laser anemometer[J]. Journal of Lub Tech of Lub Tech,1978(100):486-491
[27] Hoch P G.The influence of radial accelerations on plastics cages in rolling bearing[J].Ball BearingJournal of Lub Tech,1986(228):6-12
[28]张鹏顺,陆思聪.弹性流体动力润滑及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995
[29] Prashad H.The effect of cage and roller slip on the measured defect frequency response of rolling-element bearing[J].ASLE Trans,1987,30(3):360-367
[30] oshi A,Sadeghi F.Bearing cage temperature measurement using radio telemetry[J].Proc Instn Mech. Engrs Part J,2001(215):471-481
[31] Damiens B,Lubrech A A,Cann P M.Influence of cage clearance on bearing lubrication[J].Trib Trans,2004,47(1):2-6
[32]唐云冰,高德平,罗贵火.航空发动机滚动轴承的载荷分布研究[J].航空学报,2006(11):1117-1120
[33]吴云鹏,张文平,孙立红.滚动轴承力学模型的研究及其发展趋势[J].轴承,2004(7):44-46
[34]马家驹,丁仲明等.角接触球轴承的结构[J].机电工程,1998(5):47-49
[35]陈雄.角接触球轴承静力学与动力学分析[D].南京航空航天大学,2007.03
[36]罗继伟.滚动轴承受力分析及其发展[J].轴承,2001(9):28-31
[37]陈定国等.高速轴承元件间相互作用力的分析[J].轴承,1999(10):3-6
[38] R J Boness.The Effect of oil Supply on Cage and Roller Motion in a Lubricated Roller Bearing[J].ASME,1970,39-53
[39] R.J.Klecker.High Speed Cylindrical Roller Bearings Analysis[M].SKF computer Program. VolⅠ,Ⅱ,NASA-CR-159460,1978
[40]刘文秀.高速圆柱滚子轴承保持架动力学模型研究[D].中国海洋大学,2002
[41]张小国等.间隙接触碰撞副的动力学模型[J].机械设计,1998,12(12):17-18
[42]万长森.滚动轴承的分析方法[M].机械工业出版社,1985
[43] Y S Wang,BY Yang,LQ Wang.Investigation into the Traction Coefficient in Elastohydro-dynamic Lubrication Tribotest,2004,11(2):113-124
[44]王燕霜.航空润滑油流变特性及其对润滑性能影响的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[45]崔立.航空发动机高速滚动轴承及转子系统的动态性能研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2008
[46] G.B.Hadden,RJ,Kleckner,M.A.Ragen,L.Sheynin.Steady State and Transient Thermal Analysis of a Shaft Bearing System including Ball[M].Cylindrical and Tapered Roller Bearings NASA-CR-165365 1982
[47]李斌才.航空润滑油与润滑脂[J].烃加工出版社,第1版,1987:156
[48]姜维.机床主轴轴承动力学寿命理论研究[D].中国海洋大学,2008
[49]《航空发动机设计手册》总编委会.航空发动机设计手册第12册[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000:54-58
[50]王玉林等.新型界面开发工具:MATLAB/GUI[J].工程实践及应用技术,2008(6):50-52