专利权滥用的法律规制研究
摘要
专利权滥用行为是指专利权的所有人在现实权利的过程中超越了正常的界限或法律所允许的范围,导致该权利的不正当行使,损害他人正当利益或者社会公共利益的行为。它实质上体现了专利权所有人的个人利益与社会公众利益之间的冲突,过分强调对专利权所有人的利益,则忽视了对社会公众利益的保护。但是,目前我国对专利权滥用行为的并没有引起足够的重视,近些年来,不少企业与外国企业之间的知识产权纠纷见诸报端,比如著名的温州打火机案、DVD专利收费案件、思科诉华为案件等等。目前,我国企业由于拥有的自主知识产权不多,而少数发达国家利用拥有世界上绝大多数知识产权,动辄以保护知识产权的名义,对含有知识产权的商品,如专利产品,贴有合法商标的产品,以及享有著作权的书籍、唱片、计算机软件等实行进口限制;或者凭借拥有的知识产权优势,实行不公平贸易。针对这种情况,我国应尽快地构建自己的专利权滥用控制体系,或者尽快地制定出自己的《反垄断法》,或者在修改《反不正当竞争法》的时候将专利权滥用的行为作为一种不正当竞争行为纳入其调整范围,或者指定出单独的法律对专利权滥用这种行为进行规制。
本文深入分析了对专利权滥用行为的内涵、构成要件及其历史发展;详细并且深入的分析了对专利权滥用行为进行立法规制的必要性;分类介绍了各种专利权滥用行为的具体形式;简单介绍了目前我国立法领域针对该行为的现有规范,指出其不足之处;然后,介绍了其它主要发达国家在相关领域内的先进经验,最后,对构建我国的专利权滥用控制体系提出了几点立法建议。
Patent abuse refers to the franchise rights for all in the process of reality beyond the normal limits or scope allowed by the law, leading to the improper exercise of the rights and legitimate interests of others or damage public interests. It embodies the essence of the patent owner between personal interests and the public interests conflict, excessive emphasis on the interests of the patent owner, the neglect of social protection of the public interest. However, our current abuses of the patent did not pay sufficient attention。In recent years, many firms and foreign firms appear in newspapers between intellectual property disputes, such as the famous case of Wenzhou lighter, DVD patent fee cases, Cisco v. Huawei cases, etc. At present, China's enterprises as a result of independent intellectual property rights have little, and a few developed countries have used the vast majority of the world intellectual property, so in order to protect intellectual property rights in the name of any intellectual property commodities such as patent products with legitimate trademark products, as well as the right to copyright books, records, computer software, imposed import restrictions; possession or use of intellectual property advantages of unfair trade. In view of this situation, we should create our own franchise as soon as possible abuse control system, or as soon as possible to develop their own "anti-monopoly", or in the revision of the "Anti-Unfair Competition Law" course will act as a patent misuse of improper competition into its adjustment range, or designate a separate legal regulations for the conduct of such abuse franchise system.
This paper in-depth analysis of the content of patent abuse, and its constituent elements of historical development; Detailed and in-depth analysis of patent abuse of the need for legislation system; Classification introduced various specific forms of patent abuse; Briefed on the conduct of our country's current legislative area of the existing norms, pointing out its inadequacies; then introduced other major developed countries in the related fields of advanced experiences, finally, our patent abuse of a control system made a few proposals.
本文深入分析了对专利权滥用行为的内涵、构成要件及其历史发展;详细并且深入的分析了对专利权滥用行为进行立法规制的必要性;分类介绍了各种专利权滥用行为的具体形式;简单介绍了目前我国立法领域针对该行为的现有规范,指出其不足之处;然后,介绍了其它主要发达国家在相关领域内的先进经验,最后,对构建我国的专利权滥用控制体系提出了几点立法建议。
Patent abuse refers to the franchise rights for all in the process of reality beyond the normal limits or scope allowed by the law, leading to the improper exercise of the rights and legitimate interests of others or damage public interests. It embodies the essence of the patent owner between personal interests and the public interests conflict, excessive emphasis on the interests of the patent owner, the neglect of social protection of the public interest. However, our current abuses of the patent did not pay sufficient attention。In recent years, many firms and foreign firms appear in newspapers between intellectual property disputes, such as the famous case of Wenzhou lighter, DVD patent fee cases, Cisco v. Huawei cases, etc. At present, China's enterprises as a result of independent intellectual property rights have little, and a few developed countries have used the vast majority of the world intellectual property, so in order to protect intellectual property rights in the name of any intellectual property commodities such as patent products with legitimate trademark products, as well as the right to copyright books, records, computer software, imposed import restrictions; possession or use of intellectual property advantages of unfair trade. In view of this situation, we should create our own franchise as soon as possible abuse control system, or as soon as possible to develop their own "anti-monopoly", or in the revision of the "Anti-Unfair Competition Law" course will act as a patent misuse of improper competition into its adjustment range, or designate a separate legal regulations for the conduct of such abuse franchise system.
This paper in-depth analysis of the content of patent abuse, and its constituent elements of historical development; Detailed and in-depth analysis of patent abuse of the need for legislation system; Classification introduced various specific forms of patent abuse; Briefed on the conduct of our country's current legislative area of the existing norms, pointing out its inadequacies; then introduced other major developed countries in the related fields of advanced experiences, finally, our patent abuse of a control system made a few proposals.
引文
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[20] 冯晓青.论著作权法与公共利益[J].法学论坛,2004(19):35
[21] 王源扩.试论于知识产权有关的反竞争行为及其法律控制[J].政法论坛, 1996(4):64
[22] 王源扩.试析欧共体对知识产权许可的竞争的控制及对我国的借鉴意义[J].法学家,1996(6):46
[23] 张瑞萍.反垄断法应如何应对知识产权[J].清华大学学报,2001(4):42
[24] 缪剑文.知识产权与竞争法[J].法学,1999(6):52
[25] 林立析,厉永.知识产权法与竞争法的冲突与协调[J].政治与法律,2000(2):24
[26] 王源扩.美国反托拉斯法对知识产权许可的控制[J].外国法译评,1998(2):45
[27] 郑友德,陶双文.美国知识产权滥用[J].知识产权,2001(2):13
[28] 王晓烨.欧共体竞争法的知识产权[J].环球法律评论,2001(2):45
[29] 江浦.专利与反垄断法[J].科技与法律,1999(4):56
[30] 李玉剑,宣国良.专利联盟反垄断规制的比较研究[J].知识产权,2004(5):54
[31] 王炳银,王剑锋.专利制度的发展沿革:技术的垄断与反垄断[J].广西社会科学,2004(3):42
[32] 肖彦山,高海荣,董迎春.专利权保护与滥用市场支配地位[J].石家庄经济学院学报,2004(2):34
[34] 王晓烨.知识产权滥用行为的反垄断法规制[J].法学,2004(3):76
[35] 乔 生 . 中 国 限 制 外 国 企 业 对 知 识 产 权 滥 用 的 立 法 思 考 [J]. 法 律 科学,2001(4):33
[36] 焦小丁.浅析专利权滥用之反垄断规制[J].法学,2005(3):26
[37] 陈丽萍.论专利权滥用行为的法律规制[J].法学论坛,2005(20):35
[38] 彭哲.对专利权保护的辨证分析[J].理论学刊,2005(7):67
[39] 曲三强.被动立法的百年轮回——谈中国知识产权保护的发展历程[J].中外法学,1999(2):35
[40] 徐棣枫,厉宁.专利领域中的反垄断法问题研究[J].南京大学学报,1998(4):14
[2] [美]博登海默著.邓正来译.法理学:法律哲学与法律方法[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999:122
[3] [美]罗伯特·考特,托马斯·尤伦.法和经济学[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1994:22
[4] [日]富田彻男.市场竞争中的知识产权[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000:156
[5] 冯晓青.现代知识产权法[M]. 长沙:湖南出版社,1997:90
[6] 冯晓青.知识产权法利益平衡原理[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2004:98
[7] 吴汉东.知识产权法学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000:54
[8] 刘茂林.知识产权的经济分析[M]. 北京:法律出版社,1996:35
[9] 郑成思.知识产权保护全书[M]. 北京:中国言实出版社,1995:62
[10] 郑成思.知识产权法通论[M]. 北京:法律出版社,1988:134
[11] 李明德.美国知识产权法[M]. 北京:法律出版社,2003:234
[12] 王先林.知识产权与反垄断法[M]. 北京:法律出版社,2002:145
[13] 张守文,于雷.市场经济与新经济法[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社,1993:249
[14] 洛克.政府论[M]. 北京:商务印书馆,1996:22
[15] 尹新天.专利权的保护[M].北京:专利文献出版社,1998:45
[16] 张乃根.经济学分析法学[M].上海:上海三联出版社,1995:78
[17] 王晓烨.欧共体竞争法[M]. 北京:中国法制出版社,2001:311
[18] 张文显.法理学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社、北京大学出版社,1999:97
[19] 冯晓青.论知识产权的若干限制[J].中国人民大学学报,2004(1):26
[20] 冯晓青.论著作权法与公共利益[J].法学论坛,2004(19):35
[21] 王源扩.试论于知识产权有关的反竞争行为及其法律控制[J].政法论坛, 1996(4):64
[22] 王源扩.试析欧共体对知识产权许可的竞争的控制及对我国的借鉴意义[J].法学家,1996(6):46
[23] 张瑞萍.反垄断法应如何应对知识产权[J].清华大学学报,2001(4):42
[24] 缪剑文.知识产权与竞争法[J].法学,1999(6):52
[25] 林立析,厉永.知识产权法与竞争法的冲突与协调[J].政治与法律,2000(2):24
[26] 王源扩.美国反托拉斯法对知识产权许可的控制[J].外国法译评,1998(2):45
[27] 郑友德,陶双文.美国知识产权滥用[J].知识产权,2001(2):13
[28] 王晓烨.欧共体竞争法的知识产权[J].环球法律评论,2001(2):45
[29] 江浦.专利与反垄断法[J].科技与法律,1999(4):56
[30] 李玉剑,宣国良.专利联盟反垄断规制的比较研究[J].知识产权,2004(5):54
[31] 王炳银,王剑锋.专利制度的发展沿革:技术的垄断与反垄断[J].广西社会科学,2004(3):42
[32] 肖彦山,高海荣,董迎春.专利权保护与滥用市场支配地位[J].石家庄经济学院学报,2004(2):34
[34] 王晓烨.知识产权滥用行为的反垄断法规制[J].法学,2004(3):76
[35] 乔 生 . 中 国 限 制 外 国 企 业 对 知 识 产 权 滥 用 的 立 法 思 考 [J]. 法 律 科学,2001(4):33
[36] 焦小丁.浅析专利权滥用之反垄断规制[J].法学,2005(3):26
[37] 陈丽萍.论专利权滥用行为的法律规制[J].法学论坛,2005(20):35
[38] 彭哲.对专利权保护的辨证分析[J].理论学刊,2005(7):67
[39] 曲三强.被动立法的百年轮回——谈中国知识产权保护的发展历程[J].中外法学,1999(2):35
[40] 徐棣枫,厉宁.专利领域中的反垄断法问题研究[J].南京大学学报,1998(4):14