基于组织共享心智模型的组织知识创新管理研究
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摘要
随着知识经济时代的到来,组织知识在组织日常生产经营中的本位化与要素化趋势不断增强,越来越多的组织已开始把自身管理实践的中心由追求“新产品”的生产转变为追求“新知识”的产生,由追求“知识应用的创新(如新材料、新技术、新制度)”转变为追求“知识要素本身的创新”,管理的范围更加扩大了,管理的内涵更加深入了,管理的形式更加抽象了,管理成了“管理的管理”,知识成了“知识的知识”,创新成了“创新本身的创新”,组织知识创新已日趋成为组织一项系统性的“新价值创造工程”(德鲁克,1999),因此,如何对组织知识创新进行切实有效的管理,就成为当前管理理论界与管理实务界所普遍关注的一道重要课题。对这道课题的探索与解答,一方面需要我们对传统的管理理论、管理技术、管理制度与管理认知基础不断进行重新审视、反思、突破与发展,另一方面,又需要我们在这些重新审视、反思、突破与发展的成果基础上,不断进行深入全面的归纳、总结与各种可能性的综合,以引发出越来越多的更加适应组织知识创新管理内在规律的各种新的管理理论、管理技术、管理制度及管理认知基础。本课题基于组织共享心智模型的组织知识创新管理研究正是在这样一种思想背景下提出的,其主要的研究内容包括以下几个方面:
1.总结概述了组织知识创新管理研究的相关理论与模式,着重评价了当前国内外的研究现状为本课题进一步研究所可能提供的思路与启示,以此为基础,对本课题从组织共享心智模型的视角研究组织知识创新管理的理论意义与实践价值进行了阐释。
2.对组织知识创新管理的相关概念进行了全面界定,由此引出了组织知识创新管理不同于其他专项管理模式的独特运作基础与管理运行特征,明确了构建组织知识创新管理内在统一性支持载体的必要性与可行性,并对组织共享心智模型作为组织知识创新管理内在统一性支持载体的自组织系统超循环协同性质进行了探析。
3.论证了作为组织知识创新管理内在统一性支持载体的组织共享心智模型自身存在与发展过程的一般规律性,分析了影响组织共享心智模型存在与发展过程的各种相关因素,得出了组织共享心智模型作为组织内部一种“常在”形式能够成为组织知识创新管理内在统一性支持载体的结论,并提出了须待后而进一步进行实证研究的相关假设。
4.对组织共享心智模型在开发组织知识创新能力过程中所发挥的各项具体作用进行了分析,探讨了组织知识创新流程的不同阶段中,组织共享心智模型为组织内部各种知识的复杂协作与一体化过程所提供的“双重平台”作用,形成了相关的数理分析模型与分析结论,并提出了须待后面进一步进行实证研究的相关假设。
5.对组织共享心智模型在提升组织知识创新战略内在集成能力的作用过程进行了分析,探寻了不同组织共享心智模型背景下的组织知识创新战略形成过程的不同“轨迹曲线”,明确了组织共享心智模犁在提升组织知识创新战略内在集成能力过程中的内在价值意义基础与隐性知识基础,形成了相关的数理分析模型与分析结论,并提出了须待后面进一步进行实证研究的相关假设。
6.对组织共享心智模型在提高组织知识创新成果内部传播效率水平的作用过程进行了分析。探讨了组织知识创新成果内部传播过程背后所隐藏的种种复杂因素及其内在规律,论证了组织共享心智模型中共享的组织隐性知识结构与内在价值意义结构的互动一致性将最终决定组织知识创新成果内部传播效率的“长期均衡路径”的原理,并提出了须待后面进一步进行实证研究的相关假没。
7.对上面3至6部分的基于原理分析基础上所提出的各种相关假设命题进行了综述,根据这些假设命题构建了实证研究模型,并对实证研究的调查问卷设计方法、样本选择及调查结果作了具体的说明。
8.对数据分析的基本统计原理以及判断模型拟合优度的相关统计指标进行了简介,对构造变量(潜变量)的衡量进行了探索性因子分析、信度与效度检验,对模型给出的有关实证分析结论进行了评价与说明,并提出了相应的改进措施与修正建议。
9.对本研究所取得的一些初步性成果以及相关的研究局限与不足进行了总结,并对其实践应用价值以及未来进一步研究的方向进行了展望。
本研究是建立在众多前人研究成果的基础上的,但同时,本研究自身又有一些创新之处,主要创新点体现在以下几个方面:
1.通过对组织知识创新管理内在运作机制的深入分析,提出了组织知识创新管理所而临的核心问题是在全体组织成员中构建一个内在统一性的隐性知识共享与价值意义共享的支持载体,并由此论证了组织共享心智模型在组织知识创新管理中的基础作用与重要意义。
2.针对目前很多学科领域尚没有达成一个统一的有关组织心智模型形成与发展过程内在一般性规律方面的研究结论的现状,本研究尝试运用社会学中的交往行为理论与数学中的拓扑学方法来分析组织共享心智模型形成与发展的普遍一般性规律,从而论证了组织共享心智模型作为组织知识创新管理一项长期有效的基础制度设置的现实可行性。
3.尝试运用选择算子模型、协同学理论、演化博弈论等相关理论与方法,分别揭示了组织共享心智模型对组织知识创新能力、组织知识创新战略内在集成能力、组织知识创新成果内部传播效率影响与作用的基本原理和具体过程。
4.结合规范研究基础上所提出的各项具体原理与假设前提,尝试运用当前处于统计分析技术前沿的结构方程模型对组织知识创新管理中组织共享心智模型的各项实际作用效果进行了实证分析与检验,并产生了较好的测度条款与测度模型。
With the coming of knowledge economy era, organizational knowledge plays a basic and essential role in organizational ordinary production and prosecution process. More and more organization begin to change the center of management practice from "pursuing the new product" to "pursuing the new knowledge", from "pursuing the applied knowledge innovation (such as the material innovation, the technology innovation, the institution innovation)" to "pursuing the knowledge itself innovation". The management range is expansive, the management meaning is abstruse and the management mode is abstract. The management becomes "management manage", the knowledge becomes "knowledge knowing" and the innovation becomes "innovation itself innovating". Organizational knowledge innovation has become "a systemic new value creating work (Drucker, 1999)". So, how to take an effective management of organizational knowledge innovation has become a problem of management theory and management practice. In order to solve this problem, on the one hand, we must scan, reflect, breakthrough and advance the traditional management theory, management technology, management institution and management foundation, on the other hand, we must synthesize the interrelated fruits and create more and more new management theory, management technology, management institution and management foundation. This is the meaning of this paper. The main content that this paper would be conducted including the followings:
1. Summarize the literature related to the organizational knowledge innovation management at home and abroad, emphasizing the promising fields within which this paper would discuss. Then introduce the theoretical value of the research on the organizational knowledge innovation management based on the organizational shared mental models.
2. Introduce the definition of some concept related to the organizational knowledge innovation management, and distinguish the different character of the organizational knowledge innovation management from the other management pattern in management foundation and process. Then indicate the necessary and feasibility to construct an immanent sustain carrier in the process of the organizational knowledge innovation management. In additional, this paper introduces the synergy effect foundation of the organizational shared mental models.
3. Analyze the formation and evolution process of the organizational shared mental models based on the symbol contact principle. The organizational shared mental models are an important parameter that effect on the organizational knowledge innovation performance. But now it is also become a focus that how the organizational shared mental models itself form and evolve. This paper integrates the basic related principle, provides a new method from the symbol contact principle, makes a specific analysis of the process that the organizational shared mental models formation and evolution
4. Analyze the immanent exploitation process of the organizational knowledge innovation capability based on the organizational shared mental models. The organizational shared mental models are defined as the structural tacit knowledge and belief held by the organizational members, on the immanent exploitation process of the organizational knowledge innovation capability, the organizational shared mental models provide both the potential cognize background for complicated collaboration of diversified knowledge and belief support to inspire the creativity of knowledge staff—the carrier of knowledge. This paper starts with this presumption, according to the different phases in the organizational knowledge innovation flow, discusses this influence that the organizational shared mental models effect on the immanent exploitation process of organizational knowledge innovation capability.
5. Analyze the immanent integration process of the organizational knowledge innovation strategy based on the organizational shared mental models. The immanent integration process of the organizational knowledge innovation strategy is a hardcore of the organizational knowledge innovation management system. But how to make it become more scientific and effective is still need explore. This paper probes into the value judgment, tacit knowledge elements and "synergy evolution track" of the organizational knowledge innovation strategy's immanent integration process based on the organizational shared mental models.
6. Analyze the immanent transmit process of the organizational R&D knowledge fruits based on the organizational shared mental models. The problem that a low immanent transmit efficiency of the organizational R&D knowledge fruits is a key factor affects the success of organizational R&D processes. This paper, through exploring the internal sticking elements and their interplay rules behind the proceeding of the organizational R&D knowledge fruits immanent transmit, demonstrate a principle that the interplay between the structural tacit knowledge and belief of the organizational shared mental models will decide the immanent transmit efficiency of the organizational R&D knowledge fruits in the long term,
7.Summarize the hypothesis proposition that bring forward in 3rd chapter to 6th chapter the above. And set up the empirical testing model based on these hypothesis propositions. Then introduce the empirical testing tools, sample and the calculation formula.
8.Introduce the principle and goodness of fit statistic. Take an exploratory factor analysis and test the reliability and validity of the construct variable. Then examine the result of the empirical testing, show the amend path.
9. Indicate the deficiencies of this paper and the promising fields within which the further research would be conducted.
The important innovative fruits in this paper show as the followings:
1. On the base of analyzing the foundation and process of the organizational knowledge innovation management, this paper suggests to construct an immanent sustain carrier in the process of the organizational knowledge innovation management to coordinate the organizational member's actions and adapt their behaviors to demand of the organizational knowledge innovation task, then introduce the organizational shared mental models as the synergy effect foundation of the organizational knowledge innovation management system.
2. On the base of integration the basic related theory, this paper provides a new method from the symbol contact principle, makes a specific study of the process of the organizational shared mental models formation and evolution. Then this paper discusses the antecedents and consequences of the organizational shared mental models formation and evolution.
3.On the base of summarizing and advancing the classical criterions and methods, this paper attempts to apply a topology operator model, a synergy evolution model and an evolution game model to analyze the influence that the organizational shared mental models effect on the process of the organizational knowledge innovation capability immanent exploitation, the organizational knowledge innovation strategy immanent integration, the organizational R&D knowledge fruits immanent transmit.
4.On the base of summarizing the measurements of the organizational shared mental models and the organizational knowledge innovation performance, this paper attempts to apply structure equation model to take an empirical testing of the organizational knowledge innovation management based on the organizational shared mental models. In this way the authors form a set of common index models and measurement equations, by which this paper can measure the organizational shared mental models and the knowledge innovation performance scientifically.
1.总结概述了组织知识创新管理研究的相关理论与模式,着重评价了当前国内外的研究现状为本课题进一步研究所可能提供的思路与启示,以此为基础,对本课题从组织共享心智模型的视角研究组织知识创新管理的理论意义与实践价值进行了阐释。
2.对组织知识创新管理的相关概念进行了全面界定,由此引出了组织知识创新管理不同于其他专项管理模式的独特运作基础与管理运行特征,明确了构建组织知识创新管理内在统一性支持载体的必要性与可行性,并对组织共享心智模型作为组织知识创新管理内在统一性支持载体的自组织系统超循环协同性质进行了探析。
3.论证了作为组织知识创新管理内在统一性支持载体的组织共享心智模型自身存在与发展过程的一般规律性,分析了影响组织共享心智模型存在与发展过程的各种相关因素,得出了组织共享心智模型作为组织内部一种“常在”形式能够成为组织知识创新管理内在统一性支持载体的结论,并提出了须待后而进一步进行实证研究的相关假设。
4.对组织共享心智模型在开发组织知识创新能力过程中所发挥的各项具体作用进行了分析,探讨了组织知识创新流程的不同阶段中,组织共享心智模型为组织内部各种知识的复杂协作与一体化过程所提供的“双重平台”作用,形成了相关的数理分析模型与分析结论,并提出了须待后面进一步进行实证研究的相关假设。
5.对组织共享心智模型在提升组织知识创新战略内在集成能力的作用过程进行了分析,探寻了不同组织共享心智模型背景下的组织知识创新战略形成过程的不同“轨迹曲线”,明确了组织共享心智模犁在提升组织知识创新战略内在集成能力过程中的内在价值意义基础与隐性知识基础,形成了相关的数理分析模型与分析结论,并提出了须待后面进一步进行实证研究的相关假设。
6.对组织共享心智模型在提高组织知识创新成果内部传播效率水平的作用过程进行了分析。探讨了组织知识创新成果内部传播过程背后所隐藏的种种复杂因素及其内在规律,论证了组织共享心智模型中共享的组织隐性知识结构与内在价值意义结构的互动一致性将最终决定组织知识创新成果内部传播效率的“长期均衡路径”的原理,并提出了须待后面进一步进行实证研究的相关假没。
7.对上面3至6部分的基于原理分析基础上所提出的各种相关假设命题进行了综述,根据这些假设命题构建了实证研究模型,并对实证研究的调查问卷设计方法、样本选择及调查结果作了具体的说明。
8.对数据分析的基本统计原理以及判断模型拟合优度的相关统计指标进行了简介,对构造变量(潜变量)的衡量进行了探索性因子分析、信度与效度检验,对模型给出的有关实证分析结论进行了评价与说明,并提出了相应的改进措施与修正建议。
9.对本研究所取得的一些初步性成果以及相关的研究局限与不足进行了总结,并对其实践应用价值以及未来进一步研究的方向进行了展望。
本研究是建立在众多前人研究成果的基础上的,但同时,本研究自身又有一些创新之处,主要创新点体现在以下几个方面:
1.通过对组织知识创新管理内在运作机制的深入分析,提出了组织知识创新管理所而临的核心问题是在全体组织成员中构建一个内在统一性的隐性知识共享与价值意义共享的支持载体,并由此论证了组织共享心智模型在组织知识创新管理中的基础作用与重要意义。
2.针对目前很多学科领域尚没有达成一个统一的有关组织心智模型形成与发展过程内在一般性规律方面的研究结论的现状,本研究尝试运用社会学中的交往行为理论与数学中的拓扑学方法来分析组织共享心智模型形成与发展的普遍一般性规律,从而论证了组织共享心智模型作为组织知识创新管理一项长期有效的基础制度设置的现实可行性。
3.尝试运用选择算子模型、协同学理论、演化博弈论等相关理论与方法,分别揭示了组织共享心智模型对组织知识创新能力、组织知识创新战略内在集成能力、组织知识创新成果内部传播效率影响与作用的基本原理和具体过程。
4.结合规范研究基础上所提出的各项具体原理与假设前提,尝试运用当前处于统计分析技术前沿的结构方程模型对组织知识创新管理中组织共享心智模型的各项实际作用效果进行了实证分析与检验,并产生了较好的测度条款与测度模型。
With the coming of knowledge economy era, organizational knowledge plays a basic and essential role in organizational ordinary production and prosecution process. More and more organization begin to change the center of management practice from "pursuing the new product" to "pursuing the new knowledge", from "pursuing the applied knowledge innovation (such as the material innovation, the technology innovation, the institution innovation)" to "pursuing the knowledge itself innovation". The management range is expansive, the management meaning is abstruse and the management mode is abstract. The management becomes "management manage", the knowledge becomes "knowledge knowing" and the innovation becomes "innovation itself innovating". Organizational knowledge innovation has become "a systemic new value creating work (Drucker, 1999)". So, how to take an effective management of organizational knowledge innovation has become a problem of management theory and management practice. In order to solve this problem, on the one hand, we must scan, reflect, breakthrough and advance the traditional management theory, management technology, management institution and management foundation, on the other hand, we must synthesize the interrelated fruits and create more and more new management theory, management technology, management institution and management foundation. This is the meaning of this paper. The main content that this paper would be conducted including the followings:
1. Summarize the literature related to the organizational knowledge innovation management at home and abroad, emphasizing the promising fields within which this paper would discuss. Then introduce the theoretical value of the research on the organizational knowledge innovation management based on the organizational shared mental models.
2. Introduce the definition of some concept related to the organizational knowledge innovation management, and distinguish the different character of the organizational knowledge innovation management from the other management pattern in management foundation and process. Then indicate the necessary and feasibility to construct an immanent sustain carrier in the process of the organizational knowledge innovation management. In additional, this paper introduces the synergy effect foundation of the organizational shared mental models.
3. Analyze the formation and evolution process of the organizational shared mental models based on the symbol contact principle. The organizational shared mental models are an important parameter that effect on the organizational knowledge innovation performance. But now it is also become a focus that how the organizational shared mental models itself form and evolve. This paper integrates the basic related principle, provides a new method from the symbol contact principle, makes a specific analysis of the process that the organizational shared mental models formation and evolution
4. Analyze the immanent exploitation process of the organizational knowledge innovation capability based on the organizational shared mental models. The organizational shared mental models are defined as the structural tacit knowledge and belief held by the organizational members, on the immanent exploitation process of the organizational knowledge innovation capability, the organizational shared mental models provide both the potential cognize background for complicated collaboration of diversified knowledge and belief support to inspire the creativity of knowledge staff—the carrier of knowledge. This paper starts with this presumption, according to the different phases in the organizational knowledge innovation flow, discusses this influence that the organizational shared mental models effect on the immanent exploitation process of organizational knowledge innovation capability.
5. Analyze the immanent integration process of the organizational knowledge innovation strategy based on the organizational shared mental models. The immanent integration process of the organizational knowledge innovation strategy is a hardcore of the organizational knowledge innovation management system. But how to make it become more scientific and effective is still need explore. This paper probes into the value judgment, tacit knowledge elements and "synergy evolution track" of the organizational knowledge innovation strategy's immanent integration process based on the organizational shared mental models.
6. Analyze the immanent transmit process of the organizational R&D knowledge fruits based on the organizational shared mental models. The problem that a low immanent transmit efficiency of the organizational R&D knowledge fruits is a key factor affects the success of organizational R&D processes. This paper, through exploring the internal sticking elements and their interplay rules behind the proceeding of the organizational R&D knowledge fruits immanent transmit, demonstrate a principle that the interplay between the structural tacit knowledge and belief of the organizational shared mental models will decide the immanent transmit efficiency of the organizational R&D knowledge fruits in the long term,
7.Summarize the hypothesis proposition that bring forward in 3rd chapter to 6th chapter the above. And set up the empirical testing model based on these hypothesis propositions. Then introduce the empirical testing tools, sample and the calculation formula.
8.Introduce the principle and goodness of fit statistic. Take an exploratory factor analysis and test the reliability and validity of the construct variable. Then examine the result of the empirical testing, show the amend path.
9. Indicate the deficiencies of this paper and the promising fields within which the further research would be conducted.
The important innovative fruits in this paper show as the followings:
1. On the base of analyzing the foundation and process of the organizational knowledge innovation management, this paper suggests to construct an immanent sustain carrier in the process of the organizational knowledge innovation management to coordinate the organizational member's actions and adapt their behaviors to demand of the organizational knowledge innovation task, then introduce the organizational shared mental models as the synergy effect foundation of the organizational knowledge innovation management system.
2. On the base of integration the basic related theory, this paper provides a new method from the symbol contact principle, makes a specific study of the process of the organizational shared mental models formation and evolution. Then this paper discusses the antecedents and consequences of the organizational shared mental models formation and evolution.
3.On the base of summarizing and advancing the classical criterions and methods, this paper attempts to apply a topology operator model, a synergy evolution model and an evolution game model to analyze the influence that the organizational shared mental models effect on the process of the organizational knowledge innovation capability immanent exploitation, the organizational knowledge innovation strategy immanent integration, the organizational R&D knowledge fruits immanent transmit.
4.On the base of summarizing the measurements of the organizational shared mental models and the organizational knowledge innovation performance, this paper attempts to apply structure equation model to take an empirical testing of the organizational knowledge innovation management based on the organizational shared mental models. In this way the authors form a set of common index models and measurement equations, by which this paper can measure the organizational shared mental models and the knowledge innovation performance scientifically.
引文
1 J.C.Spender,Making the Knowledge the Basis of A Dynamic Theory of the Firm,Strategic Management Journal,Vol.17,1996,pp.45-62
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