生物医学学术图书出版规律探讨与对策研究
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摘要
当前,我国的出版事业空前繁荣,图书出版品种和数量逐年增加,版权贸易活跃,从每年图书出版品种、数量等方面看,我国已步入世界出版大国的行列。学术图书出版是出版产业的重要组成部分,生物医学学术图书出版是学术出版最活跃的领域之一。但是,在我国出版的生物医学学术图书中,影印、翻译、编译等出版形式占了较大比重,原创性的学术图书很少,尤其缺乏经典的学术著作。欧美等发达国家所出版的英文生物医学学术图书占据了世界生物医学学术图书出版的主流,代表了当前国际生物医学学术图书出版的趋势和方向。本研究通过对欧美发达国家出版的英文生物医学学术图书的分析,探求生物医学学术图书的出版规律;并通过中外生物医学学术图书出版比较研究,发现我国与发达国家的差距,进一步寻找缩小差距的对策,对提高我国生物医学学术图书出版水平具有重要意义。
本研究首先采用计量研究、案例研究、专家咨询等方法,针对生物医学发展与学术图书出版之间的关系,对生物医学学术图书出版规律进行了研究;其次,通过对中外围绕同一主题出版的生物医学学术图书进行了比较研究,以发现中外生物医学学术图书出版的差距;最后,基于以上研究得出的出版规律对生物医学学术图书选题策划进行了预测研究,基于中外比较结果针对缩小中外生物医学学术图书出版差距、提升我国生物医学学术图书出版国际竞争力提出了对策和建议。
本论文共分四个部分:
第一部分是生物医学学术图书出版规律探讨。首先,在对生物医学发展历程做了大量文献调研的基础上,选取3个重大事件作为研究对象:“重组DNA”或“分子克隆”技术发明与应用、“聚合酶链式反应”技术发明与应用、“基因组”研究与应用。其次,采用案例研究方法,分别通过对围绕以上3个重大事件的论文发表数量与相关英文学术图书出版品种关系的文献计量学分析、图书出版时间及出版形式分析、图书主题分化分析、图书出版机构分析,得到以下生物医学学术图书出版规律:学术图书出版品种的高峰一般在论文发表数量高峰后的2~5年出现;首部学术图书通常出现在知识源出现后的1~4年,出版形式以论文集为主;经典专著出版的时间一般是在知识源出现后10年左右;实验技术类图书出版具有周期性,目前周期为3年左右;技术手册是生物医学图书出版的永恒主题,随着研究进展出版主题越来细化;在生物医学学术图书出版领域,商业性出版社仍占有重要地位,学术出版社也可以依托母体优势形成出版特色。
第二部分是中外生物医学学术图书出版比较研究。采用比较研究方法,对中外以“重组DNA”或“分子克隆”、“聚合酶链式反应”、“基因组”为主题的学术图书出版品种、首部学术图书出版时间、图书出版方式、图书出版机构进行了比较研究,得出以下结论:中外生物医学学术图书出版在品种上存在巨大差距;中国首部同样主题的生物医学学术图书比国外首部图书出版时间要晚;国外出版的生物医学学术图书以原创性著作为主,中国出版的生物医学学术图书中影印、翻译或编译等出版方式占了较大比重,原创性著作较少;在生物医学学术图书出版领域,国外学术出版社和商业出版社各有特色,中国出版企业战略不明确,选题策划能力较低。为了探求以上差距的深层次原因,根据迈克尔·波特提出的产业国际竞争力“钻石模型”,从出版资源要素、出版产业政策要素、出版企业经营战略和组织要素、出版技术要素四个方面对中外生物医学学术图书出版国际竞争力进行了比较研究,并得出结论:与发达国家相比,我国生物医学学术图书出版国际竞争力较低。
第三部分是对策研究。首先,基于第一部分研究发现的出版规律,通过对2006 2010年美国《科学》杂志年度“十大”科学突破和《时代》杂志年度“十大”医学突破中有关生物医学内容的分析,预测了当前及今后一段时期内生物医学学术图书的重点选题领域:①基因测序与基因治疗;②蛋白质组研究;③干细胞研究;④细胞重新编程技术;⑤合成生物学。其次,基于第二部分发现的中外生物医学学术图书出版差距,为缩小中外差距,提出了发展我国生物医学学术图书出版的对策:加大出版力度,增加出版品种;抢占优势资源,提高原创水平;发展版权贸易,引进优秀图书;依托自身优势,形成出版特色。最后,基于中外生物医学学术图书国际竞争力的差距,提出了提升我国生物医学学术图书出版国际竞争力的策略:国家要加大生物医学科研投入;对生物医学学术图书出版给予优惠的税收和财政补贴政策;鼓励组建以专业化为特色的出版集团;出版企业要制定国际化战略;大力发展数字出版技术。
第四部分是主要研究结论与讨论。简要概括了本论文的主要研究结论,并提出了研究中存在的不足和以后需要进一步研究的问题。
Currently, publishing industry has achieved rapid growth in China. The variety and quantity of books is increasing significantly and the copyright trade has turned to be more active. In terms of publication quantity, China has become a big publication country. The publication of scholarly book is one of the important components of publishing industry. Among the scholarly publication domain, the publication of biomedical scholarly books is one of the most active parts. However, reprinting and translation accounted for a large proportion in the biomedical scholarly books published in China. The amount of original scholarly books , especially the classical books ,is very few. Biomedical scholarly books in English, which are published in developed country such as Europe and America, represent the current international tendency of biomedical scholarly publication. In this study, by using the methods of quantitative study, case study, comparative study and expert consultation, we firstly try to find out the relationships between biomedical development and biomedical scholarly books published in English. Then, by comparing biomedical scholarly books published in China with those published in developed countries, we try to find out the difference in the area of publication of biomedical scholarly books between China and those developed countries. Finally, we conduct a forecast study on biomedical scholarly book programming based on the publication laws. As a result, we raise several countermeasures to reduce the disparities between China and those developed countries. Furthermore, we recommend some suggestions about how to promote the development of biomedical scholarly books publication in China. This article is organized into four parts.
The partⅠsummarizes the publishing laws of biomedical scholarly books.
Firstly, tracing the history of biomedical development, three milestone events were selected for studying: recombinant DNA or molecular cloning technique, polymerase chain reaction technique, research on genome. Secondly, we conduct a case study to find out the correlation between the three milestone events and related scholarly books published in English, by analyzing on relationships between the number of papers and the variety of scholarly books published in English, comparing the time and types of scholarly books published in English, searching the differentiation of scholarly book’s subject published in English, and grouping the press which publishing scholarly books in English. The publishing laws of biomedical scholarly books are as follows. The peak time of scholarly books publication is generally 2-5 years after the peak time of paper publishing; The first scholarly book usually appears 1-4 years after the knowledge source presented, and the publication form is mostly paper collections; The classical scholarly book usually appears about 10 years after the knowledge source presented; The periodical time is about 3 years of book publication on experiment technology; The publication subjects become more detailed along with the research development. The commercial publishing house still play an important role in the publication of biomedical scholarly books, but the academic press may also have their own special publishing features.
In partⅡ, firstly, we focus on comparing the variety of scholarly books, the time of first scholarly book appeared, publishing types of scholarly books, the press of publishing scholarly books about recombinant DNA or molecular cloning technique, polymerase chain reaction technique, and research on genome between China and the developed countries. We come to a conclusion that there is a huge disparity of publication between China and the developed countries. Secondly, by comparing the international competitive power of publication between China and the developed countries of publication, we find the international competitive power of publication in China is lower than that of the developed countries.
In partⅢ,we examine the publishing strategies of biomedical scholarly books in China. Firstly, based on the publication laws got in the first part of this thesis, we conduct an forecasting study about biomedical scholarly book programming. There are five domains demanding more attention: gene sequencing and gene therapy; studying on the proteome; studying on stem cell; cell recombination programming; synthesis biology. Secondly, several countermeasures of reducing the disparities between China and these publication developed countries in biomedical scholarly books publication were raised, which include increasing the publication variety; raising the original level; introducing outstanding books; and establishing the publication features. Finally, some suggestions regarding how to promote the publication development of biomedical scholarly books in China are recommended: China must increase the investment to biomedicine scientific research; China should work out certain preferential policies for publication of biomedical scholarly books; China should encourage to set up largescale publication group based on the features of publication; The publication enterprises should establish internationalization strategies; The publication enterprises should pay more attention to develop digital technologies for publishing.
PartⅣis the conclusion of the present research. Main findings and research conclusions are summarized briefly, furthermore, the limitations of the study and the issue which need further effort are also discussed.
本研究首先采用计量研究、案例研究、专家咨询等方法,针对生物医学发展与学术图书出版之间的关系,对生物医学学术图书出版规律进行了研究;其次,通过对中外围绕同一主题出版的生物医学学术图书进行了比较研究,以发现中外生物医学学术图书出版的差距;最后,基于以上研究得出的出版规律对生物医学学术图书选题策划进行了预测研究,基于中外比较结果针对缩小中外生物医学学术图书出版差距、提升我国生物医学学术图书出版国际竞争力提出了对策和建议。
本论文共分四个部分:
第一部分是生物医学学术图书出版规律探讨。首先,在对生物医学发展历程做了大量文献调研的基础上,选取3个重大事件作为研究对象:“重组DNA”或“分子克隆”技术发明与应用、“聚合酶链式反应”技术发明与应用、“基因组”研究与应用。其次,采用案例研究方法,分别通过对围绕以上3个重大事件的论文发表数量与相关英文学术图书出版品种关系的文献计量学分析、图书出版时间及出版形式分析、图书主题分化分析、图书出版机构分析,得到以下生物医学学术图书出版规律:学术图书出版品种的高峰一般在论文发表数量高峰后的2~5年出现;首部学术图书通常出现在知识源出现后的1~4年,出版形式以论文集为主;经典专著出版的时间一般是在知识源出现后10年左右;实验技术类图书出版具有周期性,目前周期为3年左右;技术手册是生物医学图书出版的永恒主题,随着研究进展出版主题越来细化;在生物医学学术图书出版领域,商业性出版社仍占有重要地位,学术出版社也可以依托母体优势形成出版特色。
第二部分是中外生物医学学术图书出版比较研究。采用比较研究方法,对中外以“重组DNA”或“分子克隆”、“聚合酶链式反应”、“基因组”为主题的学术图书出版品种、首部学术图书出版时间、图书出版方式、图书出版机构进行了比较研究,得出以下结论:中外生物医学学术图书出版在品种上存在巨大差距;中国首部同样主题的生物医学学术图书比国外首部图书出版时间要晚;国外出版的生物医学学术图书以原创性著作为主,中国出版的生物医学学术图书中影印、翻译或编译等出版方式占了较大比重,原创性著作较少;在生物医学学术图书出版领域,国外学术出版社和商业出版社各有特色,中国出版企业战略不明确,选题策划能力较低。为了探求以上差距的深层次原因,根据迈克尔·波特提出的产业国际竞争力“钻石模型”,从出版资源要素、出版产业政策要素、出版企业经营战略和组织要素、出版技术要素四个方面对中外生物医学学术图书出版国际竞争力进行了比较研究,并得出结论:与发达国家相比,我国生物医学学术图书出版国际竞争力较低。
第三部分是对策研究。首先,基于第一部分研究发现的出版规律,通过对2006 2010年美国《科学》杂志年度“十大”科学突破和《时代》杂志年度“十大”医学突破中有关生物医学内容的分析,预测了当前及今后一段时期内生物医学学术图书的重点选题领域:①基因测序与基因治疗;②蛋白质组研究;③干细胞研究;④细胞重新编程技术;⑤合成生物学。其次,基于第二部分发现的中外生物医学学术图书出版差距,为缩小中外差距,提出了发展我国生物医学学术图书出版的对策:加大出版力度,增加出版品种;抢占优势资源,提高原创水平;发展版权贸易,引进优秀图书;依托自身优势,形成出版特色。最后,基于中外生物医学学术图书国际竞争力的差距,提出了提升我国生物医学学术图书出版国际竞争力的策略:国家要加大生物医学科研投入;对生物医学学术图书出版给予优惠的税收和财政补贴政策;鼓励组建以专业化为特色的出版集团;出版企业要制定国际化战略;大力发展数字出版技术。
第四部分是主要研究结论与讨论。简要概括了本论文的主要研究结论,并提出了研究中存在的不足和以后需要进一步研究的问题。
Currently, publishing industry has achieved rapid growth in China. The variety and quantity of books is increasing significantly and the copyright trade has turned to be more active. In terms of publication quantity, China has become a big publication country. The publication of scholarly book is one of the important components of publishing industry. Among the scholarly publication domain, the publication of biomedical scholarly books is one of the most active parts. However, reprinting and translation accounted for a large proportion in the biomedical scholarly books published in China. The amount of original scholarly books , especially the classical books ,is very few. Biomedical scholarly books in English, which are published in developed country such as Europe and America, represent the current international tendency of biomedical scholarly publication. In this study, by using the methods of quantitative study, case study, comparative study and expert consultation, we firstly try to find out the relationships between biomedical development and biomedical scholarly books published in English. Then, by comparing biomedical scholarly books published in China with those published in developed countries, we try to find out the difference in the area of publication of biomedical scholarly books between China and those developed countries. Finally, we conduct a forecast study on biomedical scholarly book programming based on the publication laws. As a result, we raise several countermeasures to reduce the disparities between China and those developed countries. Furthermore, we recommend some suggestions about how to promote the development of biomedical scholarly books publication in China. This article is organized into four parts.
The partⅠsummarizes the publishing laws of biomedical scholarly books.
Firstly, tracing the history of biomedical development, three milestone events were selected for studying: recombinant DNA or molecular cloning technique, polymerase chain reaction technique, research on genome. Secondly, we conduct a case study to find out the correlation between the three milestone events and related scholarly books published in English, by analyzing on relationships between the number of papers and the variety of scholarly books published in English, comparing the time and types of scholarly books published in English, searching the differentiation of scholarly book’s subject published in English, and grouping the press which publishing scholarly books in English. The publishing laws of biomedical scholarly books are as follows. The peak time of scholarly books publication is generally 2-5 years after the peak time of paper publishing; The first scholarly book usually appears 1-4 years after the knowledge source presented, and the publication form is mostly paper collections; The classical scholarly book usually appears about 10 years after the knowledge source presented; The periodical time is about 3 years of book publication on experiment technology; The publication subjects become more detailed along with the research development. The commercial publishing house still play an important role in the publication of biomedical scholarly books, but the academic press may also have their own special publishing features.
In partⅡ, firstly, we focus on comparing the variety of scholarly books, the time of first scholarly book appeared, publishing types of scholarly books, the press of publishing scholarly books about recombinant DNA or molecular cloning technique, polymerase chain reaction technique, and research on genome between China and the developed countries. We come to a conclusion that there is a huge disparity of publication between China and the developed countries. Secondly, by comparing the international competitive power of publication between China and the developed countries of publication, we find the international competitive power of publication in China is lower than that of the developed countries.
In partⅢ,we examine the publishing strategies of biomedical scholarly books in China. Firstly, based on the publication laws got in the first part of this thesis, we conduct an forecasting study about biomedical scholarly book programming. There are five domains demanding more attention: gene sequencing and gene therapy; studying on the proteome; studying on stem cell; cell recombination programming; synthesis biology. Secondly, several countermeasures of reducing the disparities between China and these publication developed countries in biomedical scholarly books publication were raised, which include increasing the publication variety; raising the original level; introducing outstanding books; and establishing the publication features. Finally, some suggestions regarding how to promote the publication development of biomedical scholarly books in China are recommended: China must increase the investment to biomedicine scientific research; China should work out certain preferential policies for publication of biomedical scholarly books; China should encourage to set up largescale publication group based on the features of publication; The publication enterprises should establish internationalization strategies; The publication enterprises should pay more attention to develop digital technologies for publishing.
PartⅣis the conclusion of the present research. Main findings and research conclusions are summarized briefly, furthermore, the limitations of the study and the issue which need further effort are also discussed.
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