基于产品生命周期工程的汽车制造业制造模式研究及其应用
|
摘要
当前,经济全球化、信息化浪潮冲击和可持续发展对于我国汽车制造业的制造环境带来了深刻的变化。这使得我国汽车制造企业的制造模式不得不面对这样一系列问题:如何在汽车制造过程中高质量低成本地满足安全、环保、节能的要求;车型如何从引进、模仿发展到自主研发;如何实现品牌化并参与国际竞争;如何引入先进的信息技术及管理理念提升企业的核心竞争能力和可持续发展能力等等。因此,积极主动地研究各种先进的制造战略和制造模式是我国汽车制造企业生存与可持续发展的迫切需求。
在分析汽车制造企业制造模式的基础上,论文提出了一种基于产品生命周期理论的以汽车产品生命周期工程为主线,以信息化、全球化、绿色化、品牌化等“四化”为主要支持,以时间(Time)、质量(Quality)、成本(Cost)、服务(Service)、资源(Resource)、环境(Environment)六个制造属性为过程目标,以实现经济效益和可持续发展效益的协调优化为最终目标的四层结构的汽车制造企业制造模式(Product life cycle engineering, Informationalization, Globalization, Greenalization, Branding, PIGGB)。该模式主要具有多制造模式集成化、时空维度扩展化、制造目标多维化的特征。
基于PIGGB制造模式,论文建立了“四化”支持系统,由信息化支持系统、全球化支持系统、绿色化支持系统、品牌化支持系统构成。其中:信息化支持系统通过进化的战略匹配模型进行规划,提出了对应的体系结构,即在网络化环境、标准化系统以及协同办公的支持下,实现汽车产业链商务协同、汽车产业链协同设计、4CP与车间生产信息以及公司ERP、CRM的集成运行;全球化支持系统提供了汽车制造企业进行全球协同设计,全球采购、全球生产,全球销售及服务和全球回收的集成运行架构;绿色化支持系统提出了汽车产品生命周期全过程绿色化运行模式,包括绿色研发设计系统、绿色供应链系统、绿色生产过程系统、绿色销售及服务系统、汽车产品生命终期绿色处理系统,使企业能够尽可能降低资源消耗,减少环境影响;品牌化支持系统揭示了中国汽车制造企业从学习模仿到自主品牌的发展道路的机理,提出了及与之对应的体系结构,包括品牌化策略层以及品牌化执行层。企业在学习与模仿策略过渡到联盟策略,最终实现自主创新策略的策略层支撑下,通过品牌化研究开发与设计、品牌化质量管理与控制、品牌化营销与服务的执行实现品牌化运作。
上述PIGGB制造模式及其信息化、全球化、品牌化、绿色化等“四化”支持系统在长安汽车公司进行了初步实践,取得了显著的应用效果,为长安汽车公司近几年的跨越式发展作出了重要的贡献,并为我国民族汽车工业的发展提出来了一种系统的参考模式。
Economic globalization, Informationalization trend and sustainable development have brought great changes to the manufacturing environment of Chinese Automotive manufacturers. The situation all mentioned above make Chinese automotive manufacturers have to face following problems, such as how to produce automotive products with high quality and low cost to meet the requirements of safety, environmental protection and energy-saving, how to move from importation and imitation to independent R&D of car models, and how to promote the core competence and the ability of sustainable development with advanced information technology and management concept and expertise. Hence, it is the urgent need for Chinese automotive manufacturers to research on advanced manufacturing strategies and manufacturing modes actively considering of the survival and sustainable development.
One kind of manufacturing mode named PIGGB (Product life cycle engineering, Informationalization, Globalization, Greenalization, Branding, PIGGB) is proposed in this paper based on the analysis on manufacturing modes of automotive manufacturers. PLCE (Product Life Cycle Engineering, PLCE) is the main line and Informationalization, globalization, Branding and Greenalization systems are the main supports for PIGGB. The six manufacturing specializations of time, quality, cost, service, resource, and environment are the process objective and realizing the optimization of economic benefit and sustainable development benefit is the final objective of PIGGB. PIGGB is featured with combination of multiple manufacturing modes, extension of time and space from cradle to grave, and multiple dimensions of manufacturing targets.
Four main supporting systems of informationalization supporting system, globalization manufacturing supporting system, branding supporting system and greenalization supporting system are also built in this paper based on PIGGB.
Informationalization supporting system is planned by evolutionary Strategy Alignment Model(SAM) and its corresponding framework is discussed in this paper. Supported by network environment, standardization system and synergistic Office Automation(OA), it realizes the synergies of business and design in automotive industry. The information from CAD/CAE/CAM/CAPP/PDM, shop floor, ERP and CRM are integrated. Globalization supporting system offers the operational framework of global design, global purchase, global production, global marketing and service, and global recycling. Greenalizaiton supporting system put forward one operational mode in automotive PLCE which consists of green R&D system, green supply chain system, green production system, green marketing and service system and green end life cycle system. Greenalization supporting system can help the automotive manufacturers reduce the resource consumption and environment influence as possible. The mechanism of imitation to innovation for Chinese automotive manufacturers is discovered in the paper. The framework of branding supporting system which is made up of branding strategy layer and branding execution layer is proposed in the following. Namely, Chinese automotive manufacturers can implement branding supporting system through branding R&D, branding quality management and control and branding marketing and service under the support of branding strategy which means the progressive process from imitation, alliance to totally independence.
PIGGB and four supporting systems including informationalization supporting system, globalization manufacturing supporting system, branding supporting system and greenalization supporting system have been applied in Changan Automotive Manufacturing Enterprise, and the effect is prominent. It makes vitally important contributions to the great-leap-forward development of Changan in recent years and provides one kind of systematic reference mode for the development of Chinese automotive industry.
在分析汽车制造企业制造模式的基础上,论文提出了一种基于产品生命周期理论的以汽车产品生命周期工程为主线,以信息化、全球化、绿色化、品牌化等“四化”为主要支持,以时间(Time)、质量(Quality)、成本(Cost)、服务(Service)、资源(Resource)、环境(Environment)六个制造属性为过程目标,以实现经济效益和可持续发展效益的协调优化为最终目标的四层结构的汽车制造企业制造模式(Product life cycle engineering, Informationalization, Globalization, Greenalization, Branding, PIGGB)。该模式主要具有多制造模式集成化、时空维度扩展化、制造目标多维化的特征。
基于PIGGB制造模式,论文建立了“四化”支持系统,由信息化支持系统、全球化支持系统、绿色化支持系统、品牌化支持系统构成。其中:信息化支持系统通过进化的战略匹配模型进行规划,提出了对应的体系结构,即在网络化环境、标准化系统以及协同办公的支持下,实现汽车产业链商务协同、汽车产业链协同设计、4CP与车间生产信息以及公司ERP、CRM的集成运行;全球化支持系统提供了汽车制造企业进行全球协同设计,全球采购、全球生产,全球销售及服务和全球回收的集成运行架构;绿色化支持系统提出了汽车产品生命周期全过程绿色化运行模式,包括绿色研发设计系统、绿色供应链系统、绿色生产过程系统、绿色销售及服务系统、汽车产品生命终期绿色处理系统,使企业能够尽可能降低资源消耗,减少环境影响;品牌化支持系统揭示了中国汽车制造企业从学习模仿到自主品牌的发展道路的机理,提出了及与之对应的体系结构,包括品牌化策略层以及品牌化执行层。企业在学习与模仿策略过渡到联盟策略,最终实现自主创新策略的策略层支撑下,通过品牌化研究开发与设计、品牌化质量管理与控制、品牌化营销与服务的执行实现品牌化运作。
上述PIGGB制造模式及其信息化、全球化、品牌化、绿色化等“四化”支持系统在长安汽车公司进行了初步实践,取得了显著的应用效果,为长安汽车公司近几年的跨越式发展作出了重要的贡献,并为我国民族汽车工业的发展提出来了一种系统的参考模式。
Economic globalization, Informationalization trend and sustainable development have brought great changes to the manufacturing environment of Chinese Automotive manufacturers. The situation all mentioned above make Chinese automotive manufacturers have to face following problems, such as how to produce automotive products with high quality and low cost to meet the requirements of safety, environmental protection and energy-saving, how to move from importation and imitation to independent R&D of car models, and how to promote the core competence and the ability of sustainable development with advanced information technology and management concept and expertise. Hence, it is the urgent need for Chinese automotive manufacturers to research on advanced manufacturing strategies and manufacturing modes actively considering of the survival and sustainable development.
One kind of manufacturing mode named PIGGB (Product life cycle engineering, Informationalization, Globalization, Greenalization, Branding, PIGGB) is proposed in this paper based on the analysis on manufacturing modes of automotive manufacturers. PLCE (Product Life Cycle Engineering, PLCE) is the main line and Informationalization, globalization, Branding and Greenalization systems are the main supports for PIGGB. The six manufacturing specializations of time, quality, cost, service, resource, and environment are the process objective and realizing the optimization of economic benefit and sustainable development benefit is the final objective of PIGGB. PIGGB is featured with combination of multiple manufacturing modes, extension of time and space from cradle to grave, and multiple dimensions of manufacturing targets.
Four main supporting systems of informationalization supporting system, globalization manufacturing supporting system, branding supporting system and greenalization supporting system are also built in this paper based on PIGGB.
Informationalization supporting system is planned by evolutionary Strategy Alignment Model(SAM) and its corresponding framework is discussed in this paper. Supported by network environment, standardization system and synergistic Office Automation(OA), it realizes the synergies of business and design in automotive industry. The information from CAD/CAE/CAM/CAPP/PDM, shop floor, ERP and CRM are integrated. Globalization supporting system offers the operational framework of global design, global purchase, global production, global marketing and service, and global recycling. Greenalizaiton supporting system put forward one operational mode in automotive PLCE which consists of green R&D system, green supply chain system, green production system, green marketing and service system and green end life cycle system. Greenalization supporting system can help the automotive manufacturers reduce the resource consumption and environment influence as possible. The mechanism of imitation to innovation for Chinese automotive manufacturers is discovered in the paper. The framework of branding supporting system which is made up of branding strategy layer and branding execution layer is proposed in the following. Namely, Chinese automotive manufacturers can implement branding supporting system through branding R&D, branding quality management and control and branding marketing and service under the support of branding strategy which means the progressive process from imitation, alliance to totally independence.
PIGGB and four supporting systems including informationalization supporting system, globalization manufacturing supporting system, branding supporting system and greenalization supporting system have been applied in Changan Automotive Manufacturing Enterprise, and the effect is prominent. It makes vitally important contributions to the great-leap-forward development of Changan in recent years and provides one kind of systematic reference mode for the development of Chinese automotive industry.
引文
[1] John H. Dunning. Governments, globalization, and international business [M]. Oxford University Pr., 1997.
[2]阿尔文·托夫勒.第三次浪潮[M].中信出版社,2006.
[3]钟书华.面向经济全球化的企业技术创新战略[J].科学技术与辩证法,2004,21(3):121-123.
[4]刘文纲.经济全球化与中国企业“走出去”战略研究[M].经济科学出版社,2003.
[5]李琮.经济全球化新论[M].中国社会科学出版社,2005.
[6]尹家绪.实践“三个代表”应对“入世”挑战[J].求是,2002,16:62-64.
[7]尹家绪.提升主业核心竞争能力积极迎接入世挑战[J].企业文化,2002,7:8-9.
[8]李会明.知识经济全球化趋势[M].时事出版社,2000.
[9]界屋太一.知识价值革命[M].出版社:三联书店,1987.
[10]丁溪.知识经济[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006.
[11]路风.发展我国自主知识产权汽车[M].北京国大学出版社,2005.
[12]尹家绪.坚持五自主打造民族汽车品牌[J].汽车工业研究,2004,7:26.
[13] World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future (Brundtland Report). 1987.
[14]江泽民.全面建设小康社会,开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面.——在中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会上的报告,2002.
[15]中国科学院可持续发展研究组.中国可持续发展战略报告.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[16]国家发展改革委员会.汽车工业结构调整意见的通知.2006年12月25日.
[17]尹家绪,刘飞,王永靖.基于产品生命周期主线的汽车制造企业发展模式[J].系统工程,2008,(1):25-29
[18]曹华军.面向绿色制造的工艺规划技术研究.重庆大学博士论文,2004.
[19] 2006中国汽车工业统计年鉴.年鉴社,2006年11月.
[20] John Moavenzadeh. Offshoring Automotive Engineering: Globalization and Footprint Strategy in the Motor Vehicle Industry. MIT International Motor Vehicle Program, December 1, 2006.
[21]国家发展改革委.汽车产业发展政策.2004,5月21日.
[22]国家发展改革委.汽车工业结构调整意见的通知. 2006年12月25日.
[23]晓风.中国汽车业必须为汽车整个生命周期买单.解放日报,2007年02月15日.
[24] Paul Kenneth Wright.21st century manufacturing[M].清华大学出版社2002年.
[25]黄解宇.流程管理发展的两大革命:从福特的流水线到哈默的流程再造[J].科技管理研究,2005,11:229-235.
[26] Byron Press Visual Publications, Inc. and Forbes Inc. Henry Ford and Model T[M]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc,1996.
[27]弗雷德里克·泰勒.译者:马风才.科学管理原理[M].机械工业出版社,2007.
[28]汽车行业对科学管理的贡献[J].科技智囊,2005,8:27-29.
[29] Gyllenhammer, P. People at work. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1977.
[30] Adler, P, and R. E. Cole: 1994,‘Rejoinder’, Sloan Management Review (Winter), 45–49.
[31] Harry Hummels, Jan de Leede. Teamwork and Morality: Comparing Lean Production and Sociotechnology[J]. Journal of Business Ethics 26: 75–88, 2000.
[32]吴迪.丰田生产方式的经营组织策略[J].现代日本经济,1995,6:27-29.
[33]刘飞,张晓冬,杨丹.制造系统工程[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2000.
[34] Davis, Stan. Future Perfect, 10th anniversary edition, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, Harlow, England, 1996.
[35] Pine, B. Joseph II. Mass Customization - The New Frontier in Business Competition, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., 1993.
[36] Pine II B J, Victor B and Boynton A C. Making Mass Customization Work .Harvard Business Review, September-October 1993, pp 108-119.
[37] Pine II B J, Peppers D and Rogers M, Do You Want to Keep Your Customers Forever? Harvard Business Review, March-April 1995, pp 103-114.
[38] Pine, B. Joseph II and Gilmore, James H., Markets of One - Creating Customer-Unique Value through Mass Customization. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., 2000.
[39] Drew Winter. Agile manufacturing - automobile industry adapts manufacturing that is able to respond to changes - Cover Story. Ward's Auto World,1994.
[40]陈世阳.汽车巨头借力IT技术提速.IT时代周刊.2007年4月20日出版.
[41] Offodile, O. F., Abdel-Malek, L. L. The virtual manufacturing paradigm: The impact of IT/IS outsourcing on manufacturing strategy. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002,75:147–159.
[42]刘少凤,孙宗禹.全球制造策略[J].中国机械工程,2001,12(1):114-118.
[43]吕坚,孙林岩,顾元勋,吴宝军.全球制造虚拟网战略定位研究[J].管理工程学报,2004,18(4):105-108.
[44] Shi,Y,Gregory M J.”Global manufacturing virtual network(GMVN):a new manufacturing system for market agility and global mobility”[A].In Garetti M and Taisch M. Modelling techniques supporting strategic manufacturing, proceedings of the fourth internationalworkshop of the IFIPWG special Interest Group(SIG)on“advanced techniques in production planning&control”,Special Sessions of the IFIP WG5.7 International Working Conference on Strategic Manufacturing.Denmark:Aalborg.August 2001.26~19.
[45] ERIK SCHLIE, GEORGE YIP. Regional Follows Global: Strategy Mixes in the World Automotive Industry[J]. European Management Journal Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 343–354, 2000.
[46] Koichi Shimokawa. Restructuring and Global Strategy of the Japanese Automobile Industry and Its Perspective. The International Motor Vehicle Program Research Briefing Meeting, Toronto, Ontario June, 1995.
[47] Hitomi K. Manufacturing Systems: Past, Present and for the Future. International Journal of Manufacturing System Design,1994,1(1):1-17.
[48] Harrington, 1984, Understanding the Manufacturing Process, New York, Marcel Dekker.
[49]孙林岩等.精简.灵捷.柔性生产系统——对21世纪制造方式的理论探索[M].陕西人民出版社,1998.
[50]刘飞.制造自动化的广义内涵、研究现状和发展趋势.机械工程学报.1999,35(1):1~5.
[51] Jay Lee.关于未来制造业的战略思考.中国机械工程,1999. 10(4):1~3.
[52]雷源忠.美国制造业的发展战略、研究近况及我们的对策.中国机械工程.1994,5(2):63~64.
[53] Chryssolouris G. Manufacturing system:theory and practice. New York: Springer-verlag,1992.
[54] Parnaby, J.,“Concept of Manufacturing System”, International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 17, No.2, p. 123-135, 1979.
[55] Katsundo Hitomi. Manufacturing Systems Engineering. Taylor & Francis,1996.
[56]朱剑英.现代制造系统模式、建模方法及关键技术的新发展.机械工程学报,2000,36(8):1～5.
[57]刘飞,张华,岳红辉.绿色制造—现代制造业的可持续发展模式.中国机械工程, 1998, 9(6): 76~78.
[58]严洪森,刘飞.知识化制造系统—新一代先进制造系统[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,7(8):7-11.
[59]艾比江,马跃月.日本汽车制造业新“零”生产模式与管理创新的启示[J].经济师,2002,11:92-93.
[60]王爱民,肖田元,孟明辰.面向产品生命周期的网络化大规模定制生产模式研究[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(11):1320-1324.
[61] Don Duval, Heather L. MacLean. The role of product information in automotive plastics recycling: a financial and life cycle assessment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007)1158-1168.
[62] Rogers E.M. Diffusion of Innovations[M].New York: Free Press,1st edition,1962.
[63] T.Leritte. Exploit the Product Life Cycle [J]. Harvard Business Review,43(6): 81-94.
[64] Raymond Vernon. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics, May, 1966 .
[65] Kotler Philip. Marketing Management. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 11th edition,2003.
[66] Horngren Charles. T., George, Datar, Srikant M. Costing Accounting-a Managerial Emphasis[M].Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, 8th edition, 1994.
[67] http://www.titech.ac.jp/.
[68] http://me.queensu.ca/.
[69] Jeswiet, J.“A Curriculum for Life Cycle Engineering: leading the way”. 12th CIRP LCE Seminar proceedings 3-5 ,April 2005.
[70] http://www.serdp.org/.
[71] http://www.lbpgabi.uni-stuttgart.de/english/index_e.html.
[72] Seliger, G. (Ed.): Sustainability in Manufacturing. Recovery of Resources in Product and Material Cycles, Springer, Berlin, 2007.
[73] http://www.sdm.gatech.edu/.
[74]刘飞.绿色制造.大连先进制造模式与制造哲理研讨会论文集,1997,(9):15~24.
[75]刘飞,曹华军.绿色制造理论体系框架.中国机械工程,2000,11(9), 979-982.
[76] F.Liu, H.Zhang, H.J.Cao. A model for analyzing the consumption situation of product material resources in manufacturing systems[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 2002, 122(2-3):201～207.
[77]曹华军,刘飞,何彦,张华.面向绿色制造的机床设备选择模型及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2004,40(3):6~10.
[78]曹华军,刘飞,何彦,张华.基于模型集的面向绿色制造工艺规划策略研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002,18(12):978~982.
[79] http://cgdm.berkeley.edu/.
[80] http://www.ipl.dtu.dk/English.aspx.
[81] http://www.cim.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/lc/en/index.html.
[82]周杰韩,熊光楞,张和明,李伯虎,杨叔子.面向环境的产品全生命周期工程[J].制造业自动化,2002,24(4):30-33.
[83]黄双喜,范玉顺,徐志勇,张聚恩,孙凯生,杜全文.集成化产品生命周期模型研究[J].《航空制造技术》,2003,8:26-32.
[84]于军,蔡建国.绿色产品设计及其关键技术.机械设计与研究,1997,7(4):10~12.
[85]傅浩,蔡建国.面向拆卸与回收设计软件模块的开发.中国机械工程,2000,11(9):981~987.
[86]刘光复,刘志峰,李钢.绿色设计与制造.北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[87]刘学平,刘光复,段广洪,刘志峰.拆卸路径决策时的装配体判别分析.中国机械工程, 2003,13(6):505~508.
[88] M. Hauschild, J. Jeswiet and L. Alting.“Design for the Environment– Do we get the focus right”. 2004 Annals of CIRP Vol. 53/1/2004; pp 1– 4.
[89] R.C. Michelini, R.P. Razzoli. Product-service eco-design: Knowledge-based infrastructures[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 12 (2004) 415–428.
[90] Kathleen Donnelly, Zoe Beckett-Furnell, Siegfried Traeger,Thomas Okrasinski, Susan Holman.Eco-design implemented through a product-based environmental management system[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 14 (2006) 1357-1367.
[91] Fran Kurk, Patrick Eagan. The value of adding design-for-the-environment to pollution prevention assistance options[J].2007,xx:1-5.
[92] Srinivasan, M. and P. Sheng, Feature Based Process Planning for Environmentally Conscious Machining: MicroPlanning. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1999 ,15, 257~281.
[93]向东,段广洪,汪劲松等.公理性设计在绿色工艺选择中的应用.中国机械工程, 2000,11(9):972~974.
[94] Anselmo Eduardo Diniz, Ricardo Micaroni.Cutting conditions for finish turning process aiming: the use of dry cutting. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2002,(42):899–904.
[95] M.D. Bovea, A. Gallardo. The influence of impact assessment methods on materials selection for eco-design[J]. Materials and Design 27 (2006) 209–215.
[96] Sheng P, Srinivasan M. Multi-Objective Process Planning in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing: A Feature-Based Approach. Annals of the CIRP,1995,44(1):433-437.
[97] T.Gutowski, C. Murphy ed. Environmentally Benign manufacturing. World Technology (WTEC) Division, International Technology Research Institute (ITRI), 2001,4.
[98] http://www.uneptie.org/PC/cp/understanding_cp/home.htm.
[99] Georg Steinhauser. Cleaner production in the Solvay Process: general strategies and recent developments[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production xx (2007) 1-9.
[100]冯坤,蔡建国.我国电子产品回收企业的现状与展望.机械设计与研究,2002,12(6): 11~13.
[101]谢家平,陈荣秋.基于时间竞争的绿色再制造运作管理模式研究.中国流通经济2003,(9):61~65.
[102] Pinar Erol,Jorg Th?ming. ECO-design of reuse and recycling networks by multi-objective optimization[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (2005) 1492-1503.
[103] Shinichiro Nakamura, Yasushi Kondo. A waste input–output life-cycle cost analysis of the recycling of end-of-life electrical home appliances[J]. Ecological Economics 57 (2006) 494– 506.
[104] Hwai-En Tseng,Chien-Chen Chang,Jia-Diann Li. Modular design to support green life-cycle engineering[J]. Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2007) xxx–xxx.
[105]徐小明,李成刚,胡于进,胡军军.生命周期评价工具软件系统的关键技术研究.制造技术与机床, 2002, (4) :13~16.
[106]王新杰,王良文,曹武军.产品全生命周期设计环境评价系统的研究[J].机械设计,2003,20(8):6-9.
[107]吴军,邓超.基于UML的LCA中产品系统的建模研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(4):22-24.
[108] Gerald Rebitzer, Kurt Buxmann. The role and implementation of LCA within life cycle management at Alcan[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (2005) 1327-1335.
[109] Nolan R L. Managing the crisis in data processing[J].Harvard Business Review, 1979, 57(2): 115-126.
[110] Henderson J C, Sifonis.J G. The value of strategic IS planning: Understanding consistency, validity, and IS markets[J].MIS Quarterly,1988,(June):187-200.
[111] King, W. R.. Strategic planning for information resources: The evolution of concepts and practice[J]. Information Resource Management Journal, 1988,1(1):1-8.
[112] Henderson J C,Venkatraman N. Strategic Alignment: A Model for Organizational Transformation Through Information Technology Management in Transforming Organizations[M]. Oxford University Press, 1992.
[113] Teo, T S H and Ang, S K. Critical Sucess factors in the alignmnet of IS plans with business plans[J].International Journal of Information Management, 1999,19(2):173-185.
[114] Grover S. Kearns, Albert L. Lederer. The influence of environmental uncertainty on the strategic use of information systems[J].ACM SIGCPR Computer Personnel, 1999, 20(3):40-68.
[115] Gerald G. Grant.Strategic alignment and enterprise systems implementation: the case of Metalco[J]. Journal of Information Technology,2003,18(3):159-175.
[116] King W R, Teo T S H. Integration between business planning and information systems planning: Validating a stage hypothesis[J].Decision Sciences, 1997,28(2):279-308.
[117]杨青,王延清,薛华成.企业战略与信息系统战略规划集成过程研究[J].管理科学学报2000,3(4):60-66.
[118]张玲玲,林健.信息技术与企业战略、业务流程及组织结构整合的关系模型研究[J].系统工程,2002, 20(2):63-68.
[119]张玉林,陈剑.企业信息化战略规划的一种新的分析框架模型[J].管理科学学报,2005,8(4):88-98.
[120] Donna Dufner,Lyn M. Holley,B. J. Reed.Models for U.S. State Government Strategic Information Systems Planning(SISP)[C].Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2005,1-9.
[121]胡建绩,陆雄文.企业经营战略管理[M].复旦大学出版社,2004.
[122]尹家绪.以汽车制造业敏捷管理为核心的信息化建设实践[J].机械工业论文2005年6月.
[123] Jay B.Barney. Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.1997.
[124] D. Dori, M. Shpitalni. Mapping Knowledge about Product Lifecycle Engineering for Ontology Construction via Object-Process Methodology[J]. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 2005,54(1):117-122
[125] Liu Fei, Yin Jia-xu, Cao Hua-jun, He Yan. Investigation and practices on green manufacturing in machining systems. Journal of Central South University of technology, 2005, 12(2):18-24.
[126] Aman CHITRAKAR, LIU Fei, Cao Hua-jun, HE Yan. A model for end-of-life vehicles management based on green manufacturing, Journal of Chongqing University (English Edition). 2006, Vol.5, No.5: 1~7.
[127]尹家绪.加强企业信息化建设实现长安跨越式发展[J].汽车与社会,2002,(1):16-19.
[128]尹家绪.打造长安·亲情服务品牌[J].企业文明,2003,(10):8-9.
[129]尹家绪.品牌战略打造长安汽车[J].企业文明,2004,(8):43-44.
[2]阿尔文·托夫勒.第三次浪潮[M].中信出版社,2006.
[3]钟书华.面向经济全球化的企业技术创新战略[J].科学技术与辩证法,2004,21(3):121-123.
[4]刘文纲.经济全球化与中国企业“走出去”战略研究[M].经济科学出版社,2003.
[5]李琮.经济全球化新论[M].中国社会科学出版社,2005.
[6]尹家绪.实践“三个代表”应对“入世”挑战[J].求是,2002,16:62-64.
[7]尹家绪.提升主业核心竞争能力积极迎接入世挑战[J].企业文化,2002,7:8-9.
[8]李会明.知识经济全球化趋势[M].时事出版社,2000.
[9]界屋太一.知识价值革命[M].出版社:三联书店,1987.
[10]丁溪.知识经济[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006.
[11]路风.发展我国自主知识产权汽车[M].北京国大学出版社,2005.
[12]尹家绪.坚持五自主打造民族汽车品牌[J].汽车工业研究,2004,7:26.
[13] World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future (Brundtland Report). 1987.
[14]江泽民.全面建设小康社会,开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面.——在中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会上的报告,2002.
[15]中国科学院可持续发展研究组.中国可持续发展战略报告.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[16]国家发展改革委员会.汽车工业结构调整意见的通知.2006年12月25日.
[17]尹家绪,刘飞,王永靖.基于产品生命周期主线的汽车制造企业发展模式[J].系统工程,2008,(1):25-29
[18]曹华军.面向绿色制造的工艺规划技术研究.重庆大学博士论文,2004.
[19] 2006中国汽车工业统计年鉴.年鉴社,2006年11月.
[20] John Moavenzadeh. Offshoring Automotive Engineering: Globalization and Footprint Strategy in the Motor Vehicle Industry. MIT International Motor Vehicle Program, December 1, 2006.
[21]国家发展改革委.汽车产业发展政策.2004,5月21日.
[22]国家发展改革委.汽车工业结构调整意见的通知. 2006年12月25日.
[23]晓风.中国汽车业必须为汽车整个生命周期买单.解放日报,2007年02月15日.
[24] Paul Kenneth Wright.21st century manufacturing[M].清华大学出版社2002年.
[25]黄解宇.流程管理发展的两大革命:从福特的流水线到哈默的流程再造[J].科技管理研究,2005,11:229-235.
[26] Byron Press Visual Publications, Inc. and Forbes Inc. Henry Ford and Model T[M]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc,1996.
[27]弗雷德里克·泰勒.译者:马风才.科学管理原理[M].机械工业出版社,2007.
[28]汽车行业对科学管理的贡献[J].科技智囊,2005,8:27-29.
[29] Gyllenhammer, P. People at work. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1977.
[30] Adler, P, and R. E. Cole: 1994,‘Rejoinder’, Sloan Management Review (Winter), 45–49.
[31] Harry Hummels, Jan de Leede. Teamwork and Morality: Comparing Lean Production and Sociotechnology[J]. Journal of Business Ethics 26: 75–88, 2000.
[32]吴迪.丰田生产方式的经营组织策略[J].现代日本经济,1995,6:27-29.
[33]刘飞,张晓冬,杨丹.制造系统工程[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2000.
[34] Davis, Stan. Future Perfect, 10th anniversary edition, Addison-Wesley Pub Co, Harlow, England, 1996.
[35] Pine, B. Joseph II. Mass Customization - The New Frontier in Business Competition, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., 1993.
[36] Pine II B J, Victor B and Boynton A C. Making Mass Customization Work .Harvard Business Review, September-October 1993, pp 108-119.
[37] Pine II B J, Peppers D and Rogers M, Do You Want to Keep Your Customers Forever? Harvard Business Review, March-April 1995, pp 103-114.
[38] Pine, B. Joseph II and Gilmore, James H., Markets of One - Creating Customer-Unique Value through Mass Customization. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., 2000.
[39] Drew Winter. Agile manufacturing - automobile industry adapts manufacturing that is able to respond to changes - Cover Story. Ward's Auto World,1994.
[40]陈世阳.汽车巨头借力IT技术提速.IT时代周刊.2007年4月20日出版.
[41] Offodile, O. F., Abdel-Malek, L. L. The virtual manufacturing paradigm: The impact of IT/IS outsourcing on manufacturing strategy. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002,75:147–159.
[42]刘少凤,孙宗禹.全球制造策略[J].中国机械工程,2001,12(1):114-118.
[43]吕坚,孙林岩,顾元勋,吴宝军.全球制造虚拟网战略定位研究[J].管理工程学报,2004,18(4):105-108.
[44] Shi,Y,Gregory M J.”Global manufacturing virtual network(GMVN):a new manufacturing system for market agility and global mobility”[A].In Garetti M and Taisch M. Modelling techniques supporting strategic manufacturing, proceedings of the fourth internationalworkshop of the IFIPWG special Interest Group(SIG)on“advanced techniques in production planning&control”,Special Sessions of the IFIP WG5.7 International Working Conference on Strategic Manufacturing.Denmark:Aalborg.August 2001.26~19.
[45] ERIK SCHLIE, GEORGE YIP. Regional Follows Global: Strategy Mixes in the World Automotive Industry[J]. European Management Journal Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 343–354, 2000.
[46] Koichi Shimokawa. Restructuring and Global Strategy of the Japanese Automobile Industry and Its Perspective. The International Motor Vehicle Program Research Briefing Meeting, Toronto, Ontario June, 1995.
[47] Hitomi K. Manufacturing Systems: Past, Present and for the Future. International Journal of Manufacturing System Design,1994,1(1):1-17.
[48] Harrington, 1984, Understanding the Manufacturing Process, New York, Marcel Dekker.
[49]孙林岩等.精简.灵捷.柔性生产系统——对21世纪制造方式的理论探索[M].陕西人民出版社,1998.
[50]刘飞.制造自动化的广义内涵、研究现状和发展趋势.机械工程学报.1999,35(1):1~5.
[51] Jay Lee.关于未来制造业的战略思考.中国机械工程,1999. 10(4):1~3.
[52]雷源忠.美国制造业的发展战略、研究近况及我们的对策.中国机械工程.1994,5(2):63~64.
[53] Chryssolouris G. Manufacturing system:theory and practice. New York: Springer-verlag,1992.
[54] Parnaby, J.,“Concept of Manufacturing System”, International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 17, No.2, p. 123-135, 1979.
[55] Katsundo Hitomi. Manufacturing Systems Engineering. Taylor & Francis,1996.
[56]朱剑英.现代制造系统模式、建模方法及关键技术的新发展.机械工程学报,2000,36(8):1～5.
[57]刘飞,张华,岳红辉.绿色制造—现代制造业的可持续发展模式.中国机械工程, 1998, 9(6): 76~78.
[58]严洪森,刘飞.知识化制造系统—新一代先进制造系统[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,7(8):7-11.
[59]艾比江,马跃月.日本汽车制造业新“零”生产模式与管理创新的启示[J].经济师,2002,11:92-93.
[60]王爱民,肖田元,孟明辰.面向产品生命周期的网络化大规模定制生产模式研究[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(11):1320-1324.
[61] Don Duval, Heather L. MacLean. The role of product information in automotive plastics recycling: a financial and life cycle assessment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007)1158-1168.
[62] Rogers E.M. Diffusion of Innovations[M].New York: Free Press,1st edition,1962.
[63] T.Leritte. Exploit the Product Life Cycle [J]. Harvard Business Review,43(6): 81-94.
[64] Raymond Vernon. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics, May, 1966 .
[65] Kotler Philip. Marketing Management. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 11th edition,2003.
[66] Horngren Charles. T., George, Datar, Srikant M. Costing Accounting-a Managerial Emphasis[M].Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, 8th edition, 1994.
[67] http://www.titech.ac.jp/.
[68] http://me.queensu.ca/.
[69] Jeswiet, J.“A Curriculum for Life Cycle Engineering: leading the way”. 12th CIRP LCE Seminar proceedings 3-5 ,April 2005.
[70] http://www.serdp.org/.
[71] http://www.lbpgabi.uni-stuttgart.de/english/index_e.html.
[72] Seliger, G. (Ed.): Sustainability in Manufacturing. Recovery of Resources in Product and Material Cycles, Springer, Berlin, 2007.
[73] http://www.sdm.gatech.edu/.
[74]刘飞.绿色制造.大连先进制造模式与制造哲理研讨会论文集,1997,(9):15~24.
[75]刘飞,曹华军.绿色制造理论体系框架.中国机械工程,2000,11(9), 979-982.
[76] F.Liu, H.Zhang, H.J.Cao. A model for analyzing the consumption situation of product material resources in manufacturing systems[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 2002, 122(2-3):201～207.
[77]曹华军,刘飞,何彦,张华.面向绿色制造的机床设备选择模型及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2004,40(3):6~10.
[78]曹华军,刘飞,何彦,张华.基于模型集的面向绿色制造工艺规划策略研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002,18(12):978~982.
[79] http://cgdm.berkeley.edu/.
[80] http://www.ipl.dtu.dk/English.aspx.
[81] http://www.cim.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/lc/en/index.html.
[82]周杰韩,熊光楞,张和明,李伯虎,杨叔子.面向环境的产品全生命周期工程[J].制造业自动化,2002,24(4):30-33.
[83]黄双喜,范玉顺,徐志勇,张聚恩,孙凯生,杜全文.集成化产品生命周期模型研究[J].《航空制造技术》,2003,8:26-32.
[84]于军,蔡建国.绿色产品设计及其关键技术.机械设计与研究,1997,7(4):10~12.
[85]傅浩,蔡建国.面向拆卸与回收设计软件模块的开发.中国机械工程,2000,11(9):981~987.
[86]刘光复,刘志峰,李钢.绿色设计与制造.北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[87]刘学平,刘光复,段广洪,刘志峰.拆卸路径决策时的装配体判别分析.中国机械工程, 2003,13(6):505~508.
[88] M. Hauschild, J. Jeswiet and L. Alting.“Design for the Environment– Do we get the focus right”. 2004 Annals of CIRP Vol. 53/1/2004; pp 1– 4.
[89] R.C. Michelini, R.P. Razzoli. Product-service eco-design: Knowledge-based infrastructures[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 12 (2004) 415–428.
[90] Kathleen Donnelly, Zoe Beckett-Furnell, Siegfried Traeger,Thomas Okrasinski, Susan Holman.Eco-design implemented through a product-based environmental management system[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 14 (2006) 1357-1367.
[91] Fran Kurk, Patrick Eagan. The value of adding design-for-the-environment to pollution prevention assistance options[J].2007,xx:1-5.
[92] Srinivasan, M. and P. Sheng, Feature Based Process Planning for Environmentally Conscious Machining: MicroPlanning. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1999 ,15, 257~281.
[93]向东,段广洪,汪劲松等.公理性设计在绿色工艺选择中的应用.中国机械工程, 2000,11(9):972~974.
[94] Anselmo Eduardo Diniz, Ricardo Micaroni.Cutting conditions for finish turning process aiming: the use of dry cutting. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2002,(42):899–904.
[95] M.D. Bovea, A. Gallardo. The influence of impact assessment methods on materials selection for eco-design[J]. Materials and Design 27 (2006) 209–215.
[96] Sheng P, Srinivasan M. Multi-Objective Process Planning in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing: A Feature-Based Approach. Annals of the CIRP,1995,44(1):433-437.
[97] T.Gutowski, C. Murphy ed. Environmentally Benign manufacturing. World Technology (WTEC) Division, International Technology Research Institute (ITRI), 2001,4.
[98] http://www.uneptie.org/PC/cp/understanding_cp/home.htm.
[99] Georg Steinhauser. Cleaner production in the Solvay Process: general strategies and recent developments[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production xx (2007) 1-9.
[100]冯坤,蔡建国.我国电子产品回收企业的现状与展望.机械设计与研究,2002,12(6): 11~13.
[101]谢家平,陈荣秋.基于时间竞争的绿色再制造运作管理模式研究.中国流通经济2003,(9):61~65.
[102] Pinar Erol,Jorg Th?ming. ECO-design of reuse and recycling networks by multi-objective optimization[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (2005) 1492-1503.
[103] Shinichiro Nakamura, Yasushi Kondo. A waste input–output life-cycle cost analysis of the recycling of end-of-life electrical home appliances[J]. Ecological Economics 57 (2006) 494– 506.
[104] Hwai-En Tseng,Chien-Chen Chang,Jia-Diann Li. Modular design to support green life-cycle engineering[J]. Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2007) xxx–xxx.
[105]徐小明,李成刚,胡于进,胡军军.生命周期评价工具软件系统的关键技术研究.制造技术与机床, 2002, (4) :13~16.
[106]王新杰,王良文,曹武军.产品全生命周期设计环境评价系统的研究[J].机械设计,2003,20(8):6-9.
[107]吴军,邓超.基于UML的LCA中产品系统的建模研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(4):22-24.
[108] Gerald Rebitzer, Kurt Buxmann. The role and implementation of LCA within life cycle management at Alcan[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (2005) 1327-1335.
[109] Nolan R L. Managing the crisis in data processing[J].Harvard Business Review, 1979, 57(2): 115-126.
[110] Henderson J C, Sifonis.J G. The value of strategic IS planning: Understanding consistency, validity, and IS markets[J].MIS Quarterly,1988,(June):187-200.
[111] King, W. R.. Strategic planning for information resources: The evolution of concepts and practice[J]. Information Resource Management Journal, 1988,1(1):1-8.
[112] Henderson J C,Venkatraman N. Strategic Alignment: A Model for Organizational Transformation Through Information Technology Management in Transforming Organizations[M]. Oxford University Press, 1992.
[113] Teo, T S H and Ang, S K. Critical Sucess factors in the alignmnet of IS plans with business plans[J].International Journal of Information Management, 1999,19(2):173-185.
[114] Grover S. Kearns, Albert L. Lederer. The influence of environmental uncertainty on the strategic use of information systems[J].ACM SIGCPR Computer Personnel, 1999, 20(3):40-68.
[115] Gerald G. Grant.Strategic alignment and enterprise systems implementation: the case of Metalco[J]. Journal of Information Technology,2003,18(3):159-175.
[116] King W R, Teo T S H. Integration between business planning and information systems planning: Validating a stage hypothesis[J].Decision Sciences, 1997,28(2):279-308.
[117]杨青,王延清,薛华成.企业战略与信息系统战略规划集成过程研究[J].管理科学学报2000,3(4):60-66.
[118]张玲玲,林健.信息技术与企业战略、业务流程及组织结构整合的关系模型研究[J].系统工程,2002, 20(2):63-68.
[119]张玉林,陈剑.企业信息化战略规划的一种新的分析框架模型[J].管理科学学报,2005,8(4):88-98.
[120] Donna Dufner,Lyn M. Holley,B. J. Reed.Models for U.S. State Government Strategic Information Systems Planning(SISP)[C].Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2005,1-9.
[121]胡建绩,陆雄文.企业经营战略管理[M].复旦大学出版社,2004.
[122]尹家绪.以汽车制造业敏捷管理为核心的信息化建设实践[J].机械工业论文2005年6月.
[123] Jay B.Barney. Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.1997.
[124] D. Dori, M. Shpitalni. Mapping Knowledge about Product Lifecycle Engineering for Ontology Construction via Object-Process Methodology[J]. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 2005,54(1):117-122
[125] Liu Fei, Yin Jia-xu, Cao Hua-jun, He Yan. Investigation and practices on green manufacturing in machining systems. Journal of Central South University of technology, 2005, 12(2):18-24.
[126] Aman CHITRAKAR, LIU Fei, Cao Hua-jun, HE Yan. A model for end-of-life vehicles management based on green manufacturing, Journal of Chongqing University (English Edition). 2006, Vol.5, No.5: 1~7.
[127]尹家绪.加强企业信息化建设实现长安跨越式发展[J].汽车与社会,2002,(1):16-19.
[128]尹家绪.打造长安·亲情服务品牌[J].企业文明,2003,(10):8-9.
[129]尹家绪.品牌战略打造长安汽车[J].企业文明,2004,(8):43-44.