汽车企业绿色制造人才自培及整合研究
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摘要
至20纪80年代,汽车工业与环境、能源、社会的矛盾日益突出,协调汽车产业与社会、资源、能源、环境和谐发展,已经成为实现汽车产业与社会可持续发展重要课题和主要矛盾。以实现企业可持续发展为目的的绿色制造研究在世界范围内得到广泛的开展,并取得了许多重要的研究成果。
然而,汽车制造业界能利用相关研究成果在制造全过程或大部分过程中真正实现绿色制造的企业并不多见。究其原因,主要与科研成果向企业生产力有效转化的不足有着重大关系。关键因素是,企业在各个部门和生产经营环节上,没有足够能立足本岗位很好的将相关科研成果转化为生产力,努力推进企业绿色制造的绿色制造人才。
本文从企业如何解决绿色制造人才不足的角度出发,深入分析了企业绿色制造人才的特点及国内外研究现状;分别从国家教育体制缺陷的制约、企业主动抢占市场先机的需要、企业实现可持续发展的需要等方面,论述了在当前历史条件下企业实施绿色制造人才自主培养的必要性;分析了实施绿色制造人才自培所面临的挑战。从“建立领导层的共识、发挥企业领导层作用”到“扶持和培育企业非官方组织”等六个方面,对企业如何自主实施绿色制造人才培养,和自主培养后,如何从“按环境影响重要度设定岗位层级、推进系统管理与监督体系、实行创新激励机制”等方面对绿色制造人才进行整合展开了方法研究。为企业实施全过程绿色制造和及时将绿色制造科研成果转化为企业生产力,实现可持续发展等探寻出一套可指导其自主培养和整合绿色制造人才的方法及实践理论依据。
As the resource depletion and environment pollution problems becoming more and more serious till 1980s, the conflict of auto industry and environment, energy, society is increasing day by day. It becomes the main contradiction and the important task to coordinate auto industry and environment, energy and society so that they can develop sustainably and harmoniously. Therefore, the research about green manufacturing for achieving enterprise sustainable development is carried out worldwidely, and many important research achievements have been obtained.
However, in the auto industry, there are rare auto enterprises truly realize green manufacture during the whole manufacturing process or majority of the process according to these research achievements. The enterprise can not transform the research achievements into productivity efficiently is the main reason. The primary factor affecting the transform is lack of green manufacturing technical personnel, who can transform well the research achievements into productivity on their own position in every department, production and management process in the enterprise.
Based on dealing with the shortage of the green manufacturing technical personnel, the paper deeply analysis the features of green manufacturing technical personnel and current research status in and aboard. From the viewpoint of the state education system deficiency condition, the necessity of obtain market opportunity forwardly, and enterprise realizing the sustainable development etc., this paper discusses the necessity and analysis the challenge of training auto enterprises own green manufacturing personnel. in this contemporary. Then, it comes to research on how to train the green manufacturing personnel by enterprises from the view of‘setting the leaders consensus, and play well the leaders role’and‘support and foster the enterprise unofficial organization’etc.; and how to integrate the green manufacturing technical personnel based on‘setting the position grade by the environment influence, establishing management and supervise system and carrying out the innovation incentive mechanism’. And it mainly works on finding out the practice theory and ways to guide the auto enterprises solve personnel problems and the solution of integrating the personnel. So that it can carry the green manufacturing during the whole process into execution and transforming the green manufacturing research achievements into productivity in time and achieving sustainable development.
然而,汽车制造业界能利用相关研究成果在制造全过程或大部分过程中真正实现绿色制造的企业并不多见。究其原因,主要与科研成果向企业生产力有效转化的不足有着重大关系。关键因素是,企业在各个部门和生产经营环节上,没有足够能立足本岗位很好的将相关科研成果转化为生产力,努力推进企业绿色制造的绿色制造人才。
本文从企业如何解决绿色制造人才不足的角度出发,深入分析了企业绿色制造人才的特点及国内外研究现状;分别从国家教育体制缺陷的制约、企业主动抢占市场先机的需要、企业实现可持续发展的需要等方面,论述了在当前历史条件下企业实施绿色制造人才自主培养的必要性;分析了实施绿色制造人才自培所面临的挑战。从“建立领导层的共识、发挥企业领导层作用”到“扶持和培育企业非官方组织”等六个方面,对企业如何自主实施绿色制造人才培养,和自主培养后,如何从“按环境影响重要度设定岗位层级、推进系统管理与监督体系、实行创新激励机制”等方面对绿色制造人才进行整合展开了方法研究。为企业实施全过程绿色制造和及时将绿色制造科研成果转化为企业生产力,实现可持续发展等探寻出一套可指导其自主培养和整合绿色制造人才的方法及实践理论依据。
As the resource depletion and environment pollution problems becoming more and more serious till 1980s, the conflict of auto industry and environment, energy, society is increasing day by day. It becomes the main contradiction and the important task to coordinate auto industry and environment, energy and society so that they can develop sustainably and harmoniously. Therefore, the research about green manufacturing for achieving enterprise sustainable development is carried out worldwidely, and many important research achievements have been obtained.
However, in the auto industry, there are rare auto enterprises truly realize green manufacture during the whole manufacturing process or majority of the process according to these research achievements. The enterprise can not transform the research achievements into productivity efficiently is the main reason. The primary factor affecting the transform is lack of green manufacturing technical personnel, who can transform well the research achievements into productivity on their own position in every department, production and management process in the enterprise.
Based on dealing with the shortage of the green manufacturing technical personnel, the paper deeply analysis the features of green manufacturing technical personnel and current research status in and aboard. From the viewpoint of the state education system deficiency condition, the necessity of obtain market opportunity forwardly, and enterprise realizing the sustainable development etc., this paper discusses the necessity and analysis the challenge of training auto enterprises own green manufacturing personnel. in this contemporary. Then, it comes to research on how to train the green manufacturing personnel by enterprises from the view of‘setting the leaders consensus, and play well the leaders role’and‘support and foster the enterprise unofficial organization’etc.; and how to integrate the green manufacturing technical personnel based on‘setting the position grade by the environment influence, establishing management and supervise system and carrying out the innovation incentive mechanism’. And it mainly works on finding out the practice theory and ways to guide the auto enterprises solve personnel problems and the solution of integrating the personnel. So that it can carry the green manufacturing during the whole process into execution and transforming the green manufacturing research achievements into productivity in time and achieving sustainable development.
引文
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[3]刘光复,刘学平,刘志峰.绿色设计的体系结构及实施策略[J].中国机械工程.2000,11 (9):965~968
[4]王永靖,刘飞,王琦峰.面向绿色制造的汽车制造企业信息系统及关键技术研究[J].中国机械工程. 2009, 20(7):832~837
[5] Seliger G. Sustainability in Manufacturing: Recovery of Resources in Product and Material Cycles[M] . Berlin: Springer , 2007.7
[6]温馨.制造业绿色产品全生命周期的结构模型与测度研究[D].中国知网2006.3
[7]沈剑英.绿色制造的概念和内容[J].专题报道卷,2001.12, 39 (448)
[8] Melngk S A, Smith R T. Green Manufacturing[M]. Dearborn, USA: Society of manufacturing Engineers,1996.
[9] Green Manufacturing with focus on the automobile[N]. Lecture prepared with the able assistance of Nel Dutt,2006.
[10]李菁.基于精益思想的企业绿色制造的研究[D].中国知网,2006.3.
[11] http://corporate.honda.com/press/article.aspx?id=4056 2008.7.12.
[12] Hromadka, Erik. Green Manufacturing. Indiana Business Magazine[M].2008.
[13]陶晋.汽车企业绿色制造的研究[D].中国知网,2006.10.
[14]汪涛,刘姜.“绿色制造”迎面走来[M].汽车观察,2007.
[15]刘抗强.绿色制造与企业可持续发展[D].中国知网,2003.11
[16]胡锦涛.在中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上的报告[N]. 2007.
[17]杨金堂,龙华,李公法.我国汽车产业的绿色制造与可持续发展[J].制造技术与机床,2008,10.
[18]中共中央,国务院.《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要(2010~2020年)》,2010.6.6
[19]徐和平,赵小惠,孙林岩.绿色制造模式形成与实施的环境分析[J].中国机械工程.2003, 14 (14):1211~1214
[20]南开大学,华东师范大学环境科学类专业教学指导分委员会.我国环境类人才需求现状及发展趋势的分析研究[R].中国教育和科研计算机网,2005.11.7
[21]刘大银,胡亨魁等.中国高等环境教育体系现状分析[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(6):586—592.
[22]王磊.论我国高校环境教育存在的问题及解决途径[J].西安邮电学院学报2009, 14(1):186~189
[23]李虹.非环境专业大学生环境教育探究[J].沈阳教育学院学报,2002,4(3):97~99.
[24]曹晓海.综合性大学本科非环境类专业的环境教育调查与研究[D].中国知网,2006.4.
[25]蔡春苗,周嘉.我国高校非环境专业环境教育现状与发展探析[J].学理论, 2009,110~111
[26]钟毅平,谭千保,张英.大学生环境意识与环境行为的调查研究[J].心理科学,2003,26(3):542~544
[27]黄江丽.论我国环境工程专业本科教育现状与发展趋势[J].吉林化工学院学报2007, 24(5):12~14
[28]魏丕勇,葛云.我国绿色制造发展的思考[J].焦作大学报,2003,(2):65~67
[29]刘拓知.低碳经济时代构建汽车绿色消费观念[J].交通运输,2010,(45):135~136
[30]郑书莉.国际绿色营销——我国企业进占国际市场战略选择[D].中国知网,2002.12.
[31] Gold I,Wimters A,ed.The Economics of Sustainable DeveloPment.[S.I]:Canvhrielge Vniversieg Press.1995.
[32] http://baike.baidu.com/view/2202108.htm
[33]秦迪.我国企业实施绿色营销的策略研究[D].中国知网,2006.9.
[34]唐方方.我国绿色消费的现状与发展趋势[J].经济研究参考,201,(2):3~7
[35]田倩. 2010全球汽车销量风云榜[N].中国商报, 2011.2.11(B02 )
[36]岳瑞香,汤勇.汽车销售的影响因素分析及其应对策略[J].北京市经济管理干部学院学,2011,26(1):31~34
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[38] Daniel C. Esty and Damien Geradin. Environmental Protection and international competitiveness: A conceptual framework[J]. Joumal of World Trade.1998,32,No.3:5~46
[39]王虹.绿色壁垒下出口制造型企业绿色生产运作系统研究[D].中国知网,2008.12.
[40]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.中国的环境保护[R].白皮书,北京.19996.6
[41]国务院.国务院关于环境保护若干问题的决定[N]. 1996.8.3
[42]国务院.国家环保总局关于全国环境保护执法监督工作情况的报告[R].2001.3.15
[43] http://finance.sina.com.cn/world/gjjj/20091219/00047125936.shtml, 2009.12.19
[44]池海文,池海琦.中国汽车制造企业基于精益生产的成本管理模式研究[J].广东财经职业学院学报,2009,8(6):10~15
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[46]王秀梅,李明.汽车制造企业生产成本管理研究[J].武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程,2010.10:841~844
[47]吕英,刘云涵.人才培养与企业创新[C].中国论文下载中心,2009.1.19
[48]王洪军新世纪中国企业的人力资源管理和核心竞争力[D].中国知网2003.4
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