大型网购企业配送网络优化研究
摘要
网络购物是依托互联网和信息技术的新型零售形式,具有流通环节少、交易费用低、资金周转快、流通效率高、销售范围广、消费者购买方便等优势。2009年,中国网络购物行业的市场规模达到2483.5亿元,同比增长93.7%,呈现出非常良好的成长势态。在与电子商务的信息流、资金流相关技术都获得较快发展的情况下,物流技术却发展缓慢。物流已经成为阻碍网络购物发展的最大瓶颈。
究其原因,受制于我国物流行业发展阶段、发展水平的局限,这就使得有实力且市场占有率高,追求品牌效应的网络购物企业不得不选择自建物流的配送方式,来改善用户的购物体验,抢占市场份额。虽然自建物流可以提供良好的物流服务,但现阶段许多网购企业为了抢占市场,片面的追求物流服务水平,忽视了配送网络规划建设不合理、资源配置不合理,运营配送等成本用偏高等问题。为了提高网购企业经济效益,做好开源节流,网络购物企业的配送网络优化势在必行。本文通过对网购企业现有的自建物流配送网络全面综合的分析,选取具有代表意义的G商城为研究对象。在保证其现有物流服务水平的基础之上,通过物流网络理论的运用,选取合适的配送网络优化方法,降低其物流网络运营费用,节约物流成本,提高网购企业的经济效益和市场竞争力。
本文选取具有代表意义的G商城为研究对象,对G商城上海地区自建配送网络从配送节点布局和配送路径两方面进行了优化。并在优化的基础上提出了G商城配送业务的实施建议。解决了G商城在上海地区物流配送网络规划不合理,运营管理成高昂的实际问题,具有一定的实用参考价值和现实推广意义。
ABSTRACT:Internet shopping is relying on the internet and information technology, which presents advantages such as less transaction costs, low capital turnover, fast circulation, high efficiency sales range and consumers purchasing convenience.ln 2009, China network shopping industry market presented a very good growth trend with a scale increase to 2483.5 billion. Although electronic commerce and flow of cash flow related technologies have made rapid development, logistics technology developed slowly. Logistics has become the largest obstecale of network shopping. Subject to China logistics industry development stage, large-scale E-commerce enterprise has to establish their own distribution network to get better distribution service and brand effect. Although self-built logistics can provide good logistics service, but the one-sided pursuit of logistics service level, has neglected the distribution network planning and construction is not reasonable, which could lead resource allocation unreasonable. In order to improve enterprise economic benefits, the distribution network optimization of E-commerce is inevitable. This article aims to solve the E-enterprise existing problems,such as self-built logistics distribution network problem, through a comprehensive analysis of the significance of selecting representative for research object. G mall In guarantee its existing logistics service level of basis,by using of logistics network theory, the article selected the suitable distribution network optimization method to reduce its logistics network operating costs and save the logistics cost in order to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises and e-commerce market competitiveness. The paper use G-mall as an instance to analysis the distribution network of G mall in Shanghai to solve the high distribution cost problem and make the enterprise develop better.
究其原因,受制于我国物流行业发展阶段、发展水平的局限,这就使得有实力且市场占有率高,追求品牌效应的网络购物企业不得不选择自建物流的配送方式,来改善用户的购物体验,抢占市场份额。虽然自建物流可以提供良好的物流服务,但现阶段许多网购企业为了抢占市场,片面的追求物流服务水平,忽视了配送网络规划建设不合理、资源配置不合理,运营配送等成本用偏高等问题。为了提高网购企业经济效益,做好开源节流,网络购物企业的配送网络优化势在必行。本文通过对网购企业现有的自建物流配送网络全面综合的分析,选取具有代表意义的G商城为研究对象。在保证其现有物流服务水平的基础之上,通过物流网络理论的运用,选取合适的配送网络优化方法,降低其物流网络运营费用,节约物流成本,提高网购企业的经济效益和市场竞争力。
本文选取具有代表意义的G商城为研究对象,对G商城上海地区自建配送网络从配送节点布局和配送路径两方面进行了优化。并在优化的基础上提出了G商城配送业务的实施建议。解决了G商城在上海地区物流配送网络规划不合理,运营管理成高昂的实际问题,具有一定的实用参考价值和现实推广意义。
ABSTRACT:Internet shopping is relying on the internet and information technology, which presents advantages such as less transaction costs, low capital turnover, fast circulation, high efficiency sales range and consumers purchasing convenience.ln 2009, China network shopping industry market presented a very good growth trend with a scale increase to 2483.5 billion. Although electronic commerce and flow of cash flow related technologies have made rapid development, logistics technology developed slowly. Logistics has become the largest obstecale of network shopping. Subject to China logistics industry development stage, large-scale E-commerce enterprise has to establish their own distribution network to get better distribution service and brand effect. Although self-built logistics can provide good logistics service, but the one-sided pursuit of logistics service level, has neglected the distribution network planning and construction is not reasonable, which could lead resource allocation unreasonable. In order to improve enterprise economic benefits, the distribution network optimization of E-commerce is inevitable. This article aims to solve the E-enterprise existing problems,such as self-built logistics distribution network problem, through a comprehensive analysis of the significance of selecting representative for research object. G mall In guarantee its existing logistics service level of basis,by using of logistics network theory, the article selected the suitable distribution network optimization method to reduce its logistics network operating costs and save the logistics cost in order to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises and e-commerce market competitiveness. The paper use G-mall as an instance to analysis the distribution network of G mall in Shanghai to solve the high distribution cost problem and make the enterprise develop better.
引文
[1]电子商务定义.中国互联网信息中心.www.cnnic.net.cn.
[2]2009年中国网络购物市场研究报告.中国互联网信息中心http://www.cnnic.net.cn/.2009.12
[3]Holmbergk Exact. Solution methods for uncapacitated location problem with convex transportation costs.European Jornal of Operational Research,1999,114(1):127—140.
[4]Owensn, Daskin M.S. Strategic Facility Location. European Journal of operational Research, 1998, 111(3):423-44
[5]Vigo Daniele.A heuristic for the asymmetric capacitated vehicle routing problem
[6]Sanchez. R, Collins, R. P. Wining the last mile of E-Commerce [J].McGraw-Hill, Companies, Inc,2002,106-121
[7]Markus Hesse.Shipping News:The implecations of Electronic Commerce for Logistics and Freight Transport. Elsevier Science,2002
[8]Tennessee State University.Research of TPL [J]. Journal of Business 2003:10-18
[9]Charles C.Poirie, MiehaelJ.Bauer.E—Supply Chain[M].Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.2000:4-10
[10]Wark P.Holt J. A repeated matching heuristic for the vehicle routing problem [J].Operations Research Society,1994,45(10):1156-1267
[11]Paessens H.The saving algorithm for the vehicle routing problem [J].European Journal of operational Research,1988, (34):336-344
[12]黄鹏霄,庄英.击碎电子商务中的物流瓶颈[J].中外科技信息,2000(6)：42-47
[13]张中强,杨俊武.电子商务物流瓶颈问题的探讨[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2003(3)：9-11
[14]王法野.对电子商务中物流“瓶颈”的探讨[J].科技与管理,2003(4)：128-129,132
[15]彭宇涛,宋炬懿.我国电子商务发展的瓶颈问题浅析[J].北方经贸,2003(6)：76-77
[16]唐力翔,黄小平,屈娟娟.我国电子商务物流体系的建立瓶颈及应对[J].现代企业,2006(8)：52-53
[17]魏修建,严建援,王焰.电子商务物流[M].北京人民邮电出版社,2004
[18]徐天芳.网络式物流配送模式初探[J].大连海事大学学报,2004,30(02)：100—103
[19]刘文刚.发达国家和地区的物流配送模式的比较研究[J].天津师范大学学报(社会科学学版),2003,(01)：18—21
[20]白世贞,言木.现代配送管理[M].北京：中国物资出版社,2005,323—331
[21]邹辉霞.建设我国电子商务物流配送体系的探讨[J].江汉论坛,2001,(12)：41—43
[22]庞秀平,及耀斌.BZC电子商务模式发展中的限制因素[J].经济论坛,2003,(09)：73
[23]刘蝉媛,卢金鹏.BZC电子商务企业的物流模式研究[J].物流技术,2005,(01)：76—79
[24]刘艳秋,张一兰.BZC电子商务物流配送模式研究[J].物流科技,2006,29(133)：60—62
[25]夏丽萍.电子商务的配送网络规划研究[J].华东经济管理,2006,20(10)：67—69
[26]雪岛.电子商务受困“物流”[J].北方经济时报,2005.4.27：第100版
[27]田剑.电子商务环境下物流配送模式研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报,2000,2(2)：9-13
[28]何世明.我国电子商务物流配送模式的实现途径[J].韶关学院学报(社会科学版),2003,24(4)：19—23
[29]汝宜红.国内外连锁业配送中心的比较分析及对我国的建议[J].商品储运与养护,2003.25(1)
[30]汝宜红.基于遗传算法的旅客列车垃圾投放站布局优化研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(1)
[31]夏丽萍.我国电子商务进程中的物流瓶颈分析[J].经济师,2005(5)：122-123
[32]施路.电子商务中购物网站的网点式物流配送模式研究[D].西南交通大学,2009.2
[33]2009年中国网络购物市场报告.中国互联网信息中心.2009
[34]李华.基于DEA的第三方物流企业绩效评价[J].沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版),2009,24(4)：19—23
[35]吴金卓.基于DEA原理的物流企业综合效率评价[D].东北林业大学,2005.6
[36]刘岩.带同时取货和送货的车辆路径优化问题研究[D].北京交通大学,2009.6
[37]艾瑞咨询.2009年上半年网络购物市场发展报告www.iresearch.com
[38]陈远高.基于DEA和灰色关联分析的城市物流节点效益评价[J].工业技术经济,2005(5)：122-123
[39]刘东圆.运输能力限制下的运输问题研究[D].北京交通大学,2009.6
[40]刘敬春.基于TransCAD的物流配送VRP解决方案[J].物流技术与应用,2006(12)：55-58
[2]2009年中国网络购物市场研究报告.中国互联网信息中心http://www.cnnic.net.cn/.2009.12
[3]Holmbergk Exact. Solution methods for uncapacitated location problem with convex transportation costs.European Jornal of Operational Research,1999,114(1):127—140.
[4]Owensn, Daskin M.S. Strategic Facility Location. European Journal of operational Research, 1998, 111(3):423-44
[5]Vigo Daniele.A heuristic for the asymmetric capacitated vehicle routing problem
[6]Sanchez. R, Collins, R. P. Wining the last mile of E-Commerce [J].McGraw-Hill, Companies, Inc,2002,106-121
[7]Markus Hesse.Shipping News:The implecations of Electronic Commerce for Logistics and Freight Transport. Elsevier Science,2002
[8]Tennessee State University.Research of TPL [J]. Journal of Business 2003:10-18
[9]Charles C.Poirie, MiehaelJ.Bauer.E—Supply Chain[M].Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.2000:4-10
[10]Wark P.Holt J. A repeated matching heuristic for the vehicle routing problem [J].Operations Research Society,1994,45(10):1156-1267
[11]Paessens H.The saving algorithm for the vehicle routing problem [J].European Journal of operational Research,1988, (34):336-344
[12]黄鹏霄,庄英.击碎电子商务中的物流瓶颈[J].中外科技信息,2000(6)：42-47
[13]张中强,杨俊武.电子商务物流瓶颈问题的探讨[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2003(3)：9-11
[14]王法野.对电子商务中物流“瓶颈”的探讨[J].科技与管理,2003(4)：128-129,132
[15]彭宇涛,宋炬懿.我国电子商务发展的瓶颈问题浅析[J].北方经贸,2003(6)：76-77
[16]唐力翔,黄小平,屈娟娟.我国电子商务物流体系的建立瓶颈及应对[J].现代企业,2006(8)：52-53
[17]魏修建,严建援,王焰.电子商务物流[M].北京人民邮电出版社,2004
[18]徐天芳.网络式物流配送模式初探[J].大连海事大学学报,2004,30(02)：100—103
[19]刘文刚.发达国家和地区的物流配送模式的比较研究[J].天津师范大学学报(社会科学学版),2003,(01)：18—21
[20]白世贞,言木.现代配送管理[M].北京：中国物资出版社,2005,323—331
[21]邹辉霞.建设我国电子商务物流配送体系的探讨[J].江汉论坛,2001,(12)：41—43
[22]庞秀平,及耀斌.BZC电子商务模式发展中的限制因素[J].经济论坛,2003,(09)：73
[23]刘蝉媛,卢金鹏.BZC电子商务企业的物流模式研究[J].物流技术,2005,(01)：76—79
[24]刘艳秋,张一兰.BZC电子商务物流配送模式研究[J].物流科技,2006,29(133)：60—62
[25]夏丽萍.电子商务的配送网络规划研究[J].华东经济管理,2006,20(10)：67—69
[26]雪岛.电子商务受困“物流”[J].北方经济时报,2005.4.27：第100版
[27]田剑.电子商务环境下物流配送模式研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报,2000,2(2)：9-13
[28]何世明.我国电子商务物流配送模式的实现途径[J].韶关学院学报(社会科学版),2003,24(4)：19—23
[29]汝宜红.国内外连锁业配送中心的比较分析及对我国的建议[J].商品储运与养护,2003.25(1)
[30]汝宜红.基于遗传算法的旅客列车垃圾投放站布局优化研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(1)
[31]夏丽萍.我国电子商务进程中的物流瓶颈分析[J].经济师,2005(5)：122-123
[32]施路.电子商务中购物网站的网点式物流配送模式研究[D].西南交通大学,2009.2
[33]2009年中国网络购物市场报告.中国互联网信息中心.2009
[34]李华.基于DEA的第三方物流企业绩效评价[J].沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版),2009,24(4)：19—23
[35]吴金卓.基于DEA原理的物流企业综合效率评价[D].东北林业大学,2005.6
[36]刘岩.带同时取货和送货的车辆路径优化问题研究[D].北京交通大学,2009.6
[37]艾瑞咨询.2009年上半年网络购物市场发展报告www.iresearch.com
[38]陈远高.基于DEA和灰色关联分析的城市物流节点效益评价[J].工业技术经济,2005(5)：122-123
[39]刘东圆.运输能力限制下的运输问题研究[D].北京交通大学,2009.6
[40]刘敬春.基于TransCAD的物流配送VRP解决方案[J].物流技术与应用,2006(12)：55-58