日粮铁、锌补充量对异育银鲫生长、生理机能及器官中微量元素含量的影响
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摘要
铁和锌是鱼类非常重要的两种必需微量元素。本研究通过两个试验来分析探讨异育银鲫对铁、锌的补充量。
试验一主要是通过在日粮中添加FeSO_4·7H_2O,补充量分别按照100、200、300、400、500 mg·kg~(-1)五个浓度梯度设计,经过54天周养殖试验,进行生长、生理指标和14种器官组织中铁、铜、锰、锌含量以及日粮铁补充量和器官组织中的铁、铜、锰、锌含量的相关性分析,试验结果表明,
(1)日粮铁补充量对各试验组异育银鲫的生长指标存在显著性差异(P<0.05),在异育银鲫日粮添加铁300 mg·kg~(-1)(饲料中铁总量为1150.78 mg·kg~(-1))时的特定生长率和蛋白质效率处于最高。对体重特定生长率进行回归拟合得公式为y=-4.7×10-6X2+2.83×10-3X+0.22,R2=0.88,日粮铁补充量在301.68 mg·kg~(-1)时鱼体体重特定生长率达最大。
(2)日粮铁补充量对异育银鲫肝脏和血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD),谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力和全血血红蛋白含量均无显著性的影响(P>0.05)。随日粮铁的增加,血红蛋白含量逐渐增加;试验组间的体表粘液溶菌酶、血清的溶菌酶(LSZ)活力均产生显著性差异(P<0.05),在试验组300mg?kg~(-1)(饲料中铁总量为1150.78mg?kg~(-1))时体表粘液和血清的溶菌酶活力最高。
(3)各器官中铁、铜、锰、锌含量分布情况是:铁主要贮存在脾脏中,占总量的16.14%;铜的主要贮存器官是肝胰脏、心脏和肾脏,分别占器官中铜总量的14.96%,14.44%,12.15%;锰在脊椎骨(11.91%)、脾脏(11.50%)、肾脏(11.12%)含量较高;锌在肠道中含量最高,平均值达到1120.00±19.45mgZn·kg~(-1),占22.28%。
(4)分析日粮铁补充量与各器官中铁、铜、锰、锌含量的相关性,结果显示,日粮铁补充量和肾脏、鳍条中铁含量呈显著性相关(相关系数R=0.91,0.90)P<0.05);日粮铁补充量与头骨中铜呈显著的正相关(R=0.88)(P<0.05),与肝胰脏铜呈显著的负相关(R=-0.88)(P<0.05);日粮铁补充量与鳃盖骨中锰含量呈正的显著性相关(R=0.91)(P<0.05);日粮铁补充量与器官锌含量的相关性分析结果可知,日粮铁和脾脏锌呈显著正相关性(R=0.93)(P<0.05)。
试验二主要通过在日粮中添加锌来测定异育银鲫对锌的补充量,以ZnSO4·7H2O为试验试剂,补充量分别按照60、90、120、150、180 mg·kg~(-1)设计5个浓度梯度,养殖周期为54天。其测定指标同试验一,其结果表明:
(1)日粮锌补充量对异育银鲫增重率、体重特定生长率、体长特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白质效率有一定的影响,各试验组间存在显著性差(P<0.05)。随着日粮锌补充量的增加,对体重特定生长率进行抛物线回归拟合得公式为Y= -3×10-5X2 +7.72×10-3 X + 223.31×10-3,R2 = 0.701,日粮添加锌在128.67 mg?kg~(-1)时,异育银鲫的体重特定生长率达到最大。
(2)试验组120mg·kg~(-1)异育银鲫血清SOD活力显著高于试验组180mg·kg~(-1)(P<0.05),其余各组间差异不显著。血清和肝胰脏CuZn-SOD酶活力各试验组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但在试验组120 mg·kg~(-1)时,CuZn-SOD酶活力最高。试验组120mg·kg~(-1)的血清和体表粘液溶菌酶活力最大,而血清谷丙转氨酶活力最小,其对应的肝胰脏谷丙转氨酶活力最大。随着日粮锌补充量的增加,全血血红蛋白含量差异不显著。
(3)异育银鲫各器官中铁、铜、锰、锌主要的分布部位分别是,脾脏(铁,15.07%),肝胰脏(铜,15.50%)和心脏(铜,14.80%),脊椎骨(锰,11.89%),肠道(锌, 22.29%)。
(4)分析日粮铁含量与各器官中铁、铜、锰、锌含量的相关性,结果显示:异育银鲫肌肉、肠道和卵巢中锌含量与日粮锌补充量呈正的相关性(R=0.87,0.87,0.86)(P>0.05);心脏和脾脏铁与日粮锌补充量相关系数最大,分别为0.77,0.75,但均无显著(P>0.05);肠道中铜含量与日粮锌补充量呈现出正的显著性相关(R=0.94)(P<0.05);鳍条中锰含量与日粮锌补充量呈极显著的负相关(R=-0.97)(P<0.01)。
建议异育银鲫日粮中铁和锌的最适补充量分别为301.68 mg·kg~(-1)和128.67 mg?kg~(-1)。
Iron and zinc are two kinds of indispensable trace elements of fish. Iron and zinc supplement of Carassius auratus gibelio in the practical diets were researched in the study.
Experiment I: A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary iron supplement of Carassius auratus gibelo with FeSO4·7H2O as the iron source. Levels of iron 100、200、300、400、500 mg·kg~(-1) were supplied in the practical diets. The five kinds of experimental diets were fed to Carassius auratus gibelio in triplicate aquaria for 54 days. The results showed that:
(1)The specific growth rate of weight and length(WSGR, LSGR)and protein efficiency (PE)reached the maximum at 300 mg·kg~(-1) iron supplement to the praticial diets(the total content of Fe was 1150.78 mg·kg~(-1) in diet).The regression curve about WSGR was y=-4.7×10-6x2+ 2.83×10-3x +0.22, R2=0.88.When the dietary iron supplement was 301.68 mg·kg~(-1), WSGR was the largest.
(2) No significant difference were obtained for the activitites of SOD, GPT and hemoglobin content of whole blood in all groups (P>0.05), but hemoglobin content increased with increasing dietary iron supplement. The lysozyme (LSZ) activities in phlegm and serum were significant differences (P<0.05), which of the group supplied with 300 mg·kg~(-1) (total iron feed was 1150.78 mg·kg~(-1)) was highest among the trial groups.
(3) The concentrations of iron, copper, manganese and zinc were measured in 14 organs and the results showed that the concentrations of iron in the spleen was maximum, occupied 16.14% of the total contents. Copper in the hepatopancreas, heart and kidneys was the main storage sites, accounting for 14.96%, 14.44%, 12.15% of the total copper contents of the corresponding organs respectively. Manganese in vertebra, spleen, and kidney was the highest, accounting for 11.91%, 11.50%, 11.12% respectively. Zinc in the intestine was the highest, accounting for 22.28%.
(4)The results of correlation analysis on the content of the four elements in each organ and different concentration of dietary iron supplement showed that, the ratio of the supplement of iron element represented significant positively correlations with the contents of iron in the kidney and fin, (R=0.91,0.90)(P<0.05); the content of copper in the skull (R=0.88)(P<0.05); the content of manganese in the operculum(R=0.91)(P<0.05)and the content of zinc in the spleen(R=0.93)(P<0.05),but represented significant negatively correlations with the content of copper in the liver(R=-0.88)(P<0.05).
Experiment II: A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary zinc supplement of Carassius auratus gibelo with ZnSO4·7H2O as the zinc source. Levels of Zinc 60、90、 120、150、180 mg·kg~(-1) were supplied in the praticial diets. The experimental diets were fed to Carassius auratus gibelio in triplicate aquaria for 54 days. The results showed that:
(1) Significant differences appeared to the effects on the growth index, including weight gain、specific growth rate of weight and length(WSGR、LSLR)、feed coefficient、PE of Carassius auratus gibelio between each trail group which was supplied with different Fe levels(P<0.05).The regression curve about WSGR was Y = -3×10-5X2 +7.72×10-3X + 223.31×10-3,R2 = 0.701. The supplement of zinc on the basis of maximum WSGR was 128.67 mg·kg~(-1).
(2)The SOD activity in the serum of 120 mg·kg~(-1) was significantly higher than 180 mg·kg~(-1)(P<0.05), there was no significant difference on CuZn-SOD activity in serum and hepatopancreas in the diets(P>0.05), and the maximum of CuZn-SOD activity was 120 mg·kg~(-1).The lysozyme activity in phlegm and serum in 120 mg·kg~(-1) were maximum and the GPT activity in the serum was the minimum, but the corresponding GPT activity in the hepatopancreas was maximum. There was no significant difference of hemoglobin content as the dietary zinc supplement increased (P>0.05).
(3)The maximum content of iron, copper, manganese and zinc in the organs were mainly located in the spleen (iron, 15.07%), hepatopancreas (copper, 15.50%) and the heart(copper, 14.80%), spine (manganese, 11.89%), intestine (zinc, 22.29%), respectively.
(4) The results of correlation analysis on the content of the four elements in each organ and different concentration of dietary zinc supplement showed that, the ratio of the supplement of Zn element represented significant positively correlations with the content of Cu in the intestine(R=0.94)(P<0.05); represented positively correlations with the content of Zn in the muscle, intestine and ovary, iron in the heart and spleen, were positive(R=0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.77, 0.75 respectively)(P>0.05); but represented significant negatively correlations with the content of manganese in the fin(R= -0.97) (P< 0.01)
The optimum supplement of iron and zinc in the practical diets were 301.68 mg·kg~(-1) and 128.67 mg?kg~(-1), respectively.
试验一主要是通过在日粮中添加FeSO_4·7H_2O,补充量分别按照100、200、300、400、500 mg·kg~(-1)五个浓度梯度设计,经过54天周养殖试验,进行生长、生理指标和14种器官组织中铁、铜、锰、锌含量以及日粮铁补充量和器官组织中的铁、铜、锰、锌含量的相关性分析,试验结果表明,
(1)日粮铁补充量对各试验组异育银鲫的生长指标存在显著性差异(P<0.05),在异育银鲫日粮添加铁300 mg·kg~(-1)(饲料中铁总量为1150.78 mg·kg~(-1))时的特定生长率和蛋白质效率处于最高。对体重特定生长率进行回归拟合得公式为y=-4.7×10-6X2+2.83×10-3X+0.22,R2=0.88,日粮铁补充量在301.68 mg·kg~(-1)时鱼体体重特定生长率达最大。
(2)日粮铁补充量对异育银鲫肝脏和血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD),谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力和全血血红蛋白含量均无显著性的影响(P>0.05)。随日粮铁的增加,血红蛋白含量逐渐增加;试验组间的体表粘液溶菌酶、血清的溶菌酶(LSZ)活力均产生显著性差异(P<0.05),在试验组300mg?kg~(-1)(饲料中铁总量为1150.78mg?kg~(-1))时体表粘液和血清的溶菌酶活力最高。
(3)各器官中铁、铜、锰、锌含量分布情况是:铁主要贮存在脾脏中,占总量的16.14%;铜的主要贮存器官是肝胰脏、心脏和肾脏,分别占器官中铜总量的14.96%,14.44%,12.15%;锰在脊椎骨(11.91%)、脾脏(11.50%)、肾脏(11.12%)含量较高;锌在肠道中含量最高,平均值达到1120.00±19.45mgZn·kg~(-1),占22.28%。
(4)分析日粮铁补充量与各器官中铁、铜、锰、锌含量的相关性,结果显示,日粮铁补充量和肾脏、鳍条中铁含量呈显著性相关(相关系数R=0.91,0.90)P<0.05);日粮铁补充量与头骨中铜呈显著的正相关(R=0.88)(P<0.05),与肝胰脏铜呈显著的负相关(R=-0.88)(P<0.05);日粮铁补充量与鳃盖骨中锰含量呈正的显著性相关(R=0.91)(P<0.05);日粮铁补充量与器官锌含量的相关性分析结果可知,日粮铁和脾脏锌呈显著正相关性(R=0.93)(P<0.05)。
试验二主要通过在日粮中添加锌来测定异育银鲫对锌的补充量,以ZnSO4·7H2O为试验试剂,补充量分别按照60、90、120、150、180 mg·kg~(-1)设计5个浓度梯度,养殖周期为54天。其测定指标同试验一,其结果表明:
(1)日粮锌补充量对异育银鲫增重率、体重特定生长率、体长特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白质效率有一定的影响,各试验组间存在显著性差(P<0.05)。随着日粮锌补充量的增加,对体重特定生长率进行抛物线回归拟合得公式为Y= -3×10-5X2 +7.72×10-3 X + 223.31×10-3,R2 = 0.701,日粮添加锌在128.67 mg?kg~(-1)时,异育银鲫的体重特定生长率达到最大。
(2)试验组120mg·kg~(-1)异育银鲫血清SOD活力显著高于试验组180mg·kg~(-1)(P<0.05),其余各组间差异不显著。血清和肝胰脏CuZn-SOD酶活力各试验组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但在试验组120 mg·kg~(-1)时,CuZn-SOD酶活力最高。试验组120mg·kg~(-1)的血清和体表粘液溶菌酶活力最大,而血清谷丙转氨酶活力最小,其对应的肝胰脏谷丙转氨酶活力最大。随着日粮锌补充量的增加,全血血红蛋白含量差异不显著。
(3)异育银鲫各器官中铁、铜、锰、锌主要的分布部位分别是,脾脏(铁,15.07%),肝胰脏(铜,15.50%)和心脏(铜,14.80%),脊椎骨(锰,11.89%),肠道(锌, 22.29%)。
(4)分析日粮铁含量与各器官中铁、铜、锰、锌含量的相关性,结果显示:异育银鲫肌肉、肠道和卵巢中锌含量与日粮锌补充量呈正的相关性(R=0.87,0.87,0.86)(P>0.05);心脏和脾脏铁与日粮锌补充量相关系数最大,分别为0.77,0.75,但均无显著(P>0.05);肠道中铜含量与日粮锌补充量呈现出正的显著性相关(R=0.94)(P<0.05);鳍条中锰含量与日粮锌补充量呈极显著的负相关(R=-0.97)(P<0.01)。
建议异育银鲫日粮中铁和锌的最适补充量分别为301.68 mg·kg~(-1)和128.67 mg?kg~(-1)。
Iron and zinc are two kinds of indispensable trace elements of fish. Iron and zinc supplement of Carassius auratus gibelio in the practical diets were researched in the study.
Experiment I: A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary iron supplement of Carassius auratus gibelo with FeSO4·7H2O as the iron source. Levels of iron 100、200、300、400、500 mg·kg~(-1) were supplied in the practical diets. The five kinds of experimental diets were fed to Carassius auratus gibelio in triplicate aquaria for 54 days. The results showed that:
(1)The specific growth rate of weight and length(WSGR, LSGR)and protein efficiency (PE)reached the maximum at 300 mg·kg~(-1) iron supplement to the praticial diets(the total content of Fe was 1150.78 mg·kg~(-1) in diet).The regression curve about WSGR was y=-4.7×10-6x2+ 2.83×10-3x +0.22, R2=0.88.When the dietary iron supplement was 301.68 mg·kg~(-1), WSGR was the largest.
(2) No significant difference were obtained for the activitites of SOD, GPT and hemoglobin content of whole blood in all groups (P>0.05), but hemoglobin content increased with increasing dietary iron supplement. The lysozyme (LSZ) activities in phlegm and serum were significant differences (P<0.05), which of the group supplied with 300 mg·kg~(-1) (total iron feed was 1150.78 mg·kg~(-1)) was highest among the trial groups.
(3) The concentrations of iron, copper, manganese and zinc were measured in 14 organs and the results showed that the concentrations of iron in the spleen was maximum, occupied 16.14% of the total contents. Copper in the hepatopancreas, heart and kidneys was the main storage sites, accounting for 14.96%, 14.44%, 12.15% of the total copper contents of the corresponding organs respectively. Manganese in vertebra, spleen, and kidney was the highest, accounting for 11.91%, 11.50%, 11.12% respectively. Zinc in the intestine was the highest, accounting for 22.28%.
(4)The results of correlation analysis on the content of the four elements in each organ and different concentration of dietary iron supplement showed that, the ratio of the supplement of iron element represented significant positively correlations with the contents of iron in the kidney and fin, (R=0.91,0.90)(P<0.05); the content of copper in the skull (R=0.88)(P<0.05); the content of manganese in the operculum(R=0.91)(P<0.05)and the content of zinc in the spleen(R=0.93)(P<0.05),but represented significant negatively correlations with the content of copper in the liver(R=-0.88)(P<0.05).
Experiment II: A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary zinc supplement of Carassius auratus gibelo with ZnSO4·7H2O as the zinc source. Levels of Zinc 60、90、 120、150、180 mg·kg~(-1) were supplied in the praticial diets. The experimental diets were fed to Carassius auratus gibelio in triplicate aquaria for 54 days. The results showed that:
(1) Significant differences appeared to the effects on the growth index, including weight gain、specific growth rate of weight and length(WSGR、LSLR)、feed coefficient、PE of Carassius auratus gibelio between each trail group which was supplied with different Fe levels(P<0.05).The regression curve about WSGR was Y = -3×10-5X2 +7.72×10-3X + 223.31×10-3,R2 = 0.701. The supplement of zinc on the basis of maximum WSGR was 128.67 mg·kg~(-1).
(2)The SOD activity in the serum of 120 mg·kg~(-1) was significantly higher than 180 mg·kg~(-1)(P<0.05), there was no significant difference on CuZn-SOD activity in serum and hepatopancreas in the diets(P>0.05), and the maximum of CuZn-SOD activity was 120 mg·kg~(-1).The lysozyme activity in phlegm and serum in 120 mg·kg~(-1) were maximum and the GPT activity in the serum was the minimum, but the corresponding GPT activity in the hepatopancreas was maximum. There was no significant difference of hemoglobin content as the dietary zinc supplement increased (P>0.05).
(3)The maximum content of iron, copper, manganese and zinc in the organs were mainly located in the spleen (iron, 15.07%), hepatopancreas (copper, 15.50%) and the heart(copper, 14.80%), spine (manganese, 11.89%), intestine (zinc, 22.29%), respectively.
(4) The results of correlation analysis on the content of the four elements in each organ and different concentration of dietary zinc supplement showed that, the ratio of the supplement of Zn element represented significant positively correlations with the content of Cu in the intestine(R=0.94)(P<0.05); represented positively correlations with the content of Zn in the muscle, intestine and ovary, iron in the heart and spleen, were positive(R=0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.77, 0.75 respectively)(P>0.05); but represented significant negatively correlations with the content of manganese in the fin(R= -0.97) (P< 0.01)
The optimum supplement of iron and zinc in the practical diets were 301.68 mg·kg~(-1) and 128.67 mg?kg~(-1), respectively.
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