外辐射源雷达信号处理若干问题研究
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摘要
外辐射源雷达本身不发射电磁波信号，而是依靠环境中已有的外部辐射源实现对目标的探测、定位与跟踪。依靠其被动探测的特点，外辐射源雷达具有良好的抗干扰能力和很强的系统生存能力。此外，依靠其双基地几何配置以及辐射源信号的特性，外辐射源雷达还具有较好的探测低空目标和隐身目标的能力。因此外辐射源雷达是一种极具应用潜力的新体制雷达。
本文围绕外辐射源雷达展开，针对基于调频广播信号的外辐射源雷达测向技术、基于模拟电视信号的外辐射源雷达失配滤波技术以及基于手机通信信号的外辐射源雷达干扰抑制技术等方面进行了深入研究。本文的主要工作可以概括为以下几个方面：
1.研究了一种基于Adcock天线的外辐射源雷达单目标测向方法。首先利用时域干扰相消消除Adcock天线各个阵元接收的直达波和多径干扰，然后各阵元相消剩余信号分别与参考信号作距离-多普勒二维相关以提高目标回波的信噪比，最后在目标对应的距离-多普勒单元处利用一种基于比相原理的测向方法实现目标DOA估计，该方法可以进行360°无模糊测向。针对当天线接收信号包含多个目标时，强目标的副瓣影响弱目标测向的问题，提出首先测量强目标的来波方向，然后消去强目标，再对弱目标作DOA估计。
2.提出了一种基于压缩感知的外辐射源雷达多目标测向方法。首先推导了当天线接收信号中某个距离-多普勒单元包含多个目标时，经过时域干扰相消和距离-多普勒二维相关处理以后，该单元内信号模型，指出其可以看作是该单元内所有目标的主瓣与噪声的线性组合。因此在假设天线阵元数足够大，使得信号满足空间稀疏性的情况下，提出对该单元内的信号进行基于压缩感知的方位向稀疏重构，从而得到该单元内各个目标的来波方向信息。最后对该方法的性能进行了仿真分析。
3.研究了基于模拟电视信号的外辐射源雷达失配滤波技术。首先分析了模拟电视音频和视频信号模糊函数的特性，指出音频信号虽然具有类似理想图钉形状的模糊函数，适合用作外辐射源雷达的机会照射源，但是音频信号的发射功率比较低；而视频信号虽然具有比较高的发射功率，但是存在距离模糊。然后介绍了一种单独利用视频信号进行失配滤波的方法，该方法虽然可以抑制视频信号中的模糊距离副瓣，但是存在比较大的失配信噪比损失。最后提出了一种利用视频和音频信号综合失配滤波的方法，结果分析表明，相对于单独利用视频信号进行失配滤波，该方法不仅可以利用模拟电视信号的全部发射功率，而且能够在产生比较小失配信噪比损失的情况下，抑制模糊距离副瓣。
4.提出了一种基于两步空域滤波的GSM辐射源雷达干扰抑制方法。针对GSM辐射源雷达中不仅存在能量很强的直达波和某些强多径干扰，还包括数量众多的弱干扰，提出首先利用低副瓣空域滤波对弱干扰进行抑制，然后利用一种稳健的自适应波束形成方法对剩余的强干扰作进一步的抑制。仿真分析结果表明，相对于单独利用低副瓣空域滤波或者稳健自适应波束形成，该方法可以更好的抑制GSM辐射源雷达中的干扰。
5.给出了一种基于级联相消的CDMA辐射源雷达干扰抑制方法。为了抑制CDMA辐射源雷达中各个同频基站的直达波和多径干扰，提出首先对天线接收的信号进行导频搜索，确认当前最强基站直达波信号的导频PN序列偏移数，然后测量该基站直达波信号的来波方向，在获得该基站的直达波信号以后，利用时域干扰相消消除该基站的干扰。然后循环运行将各个基站的干扰按能量从大到小依次消除，最后进行目标检测。仿真分析表明了该方法的有效性。
Passive bistatic radar (PBR) itself doesn’t transmit electromagnetic wave. It detects,locates and tracks target relying on the external illuminators which have already existedin the environment. Because of the property of passive detection, PBR has an excellentcapability of anti-interference and good survivance. In addition, relying on its bistaticgeometry and signal characteristic of illuminator, PBR has an excellent capability todetect low altitude targets and stealth targets. Therefore PBR is the new type of radarwhich has bright application value.
This dissertation addresses some aspects of signal processing for PBR. Theresearch focus on direction of arriving (DOA) estimation for frequency modulated (FM)based PBR, mismatched filter for analogue television (TV) based PBR, interferencesuppression for cell mobile communication based PBR.
The main contents of this dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. A method of single target’s DOA estimation based on Adcock antenna isstudied. First temporal adaptive cancellation is utilized to remove the interferences fromeach elements of Adcock antenna, and then range-Doppler two-dimension (2D)correlation between the remained signal from each channel and reference signal isutilized to improve signal noise ratio (SNR) of target. Finally target’s DOA is estimatedin the range-Doppler bin corresponding to the target via a method based onphase-comparison principle. This method can measure target’s DOA in the range of360°without ambiguity. When there are several target echoes received by the antenna,the sidelobe of strong target echoes may affect the DOA estimation of weak targets. It isproposed that the DOA of strong targets can be first measured. Then after removing thestrong targets, the DOA of weak targets can be estimated in the end.
2. A method of multiple targets’ DOA estimation based on compressed sensing isintroduced. First when there are several target echoes received by the antenna and twoor more targets are included in a same range-Doppler bin, the signal model in this bin,after temporal adaptive cancellation and range-Doppler2D correlation, is acquired. It ispointed that the signals in this bin can be seen as the linear combination of noise andmainlobe of the targets corresponding to this bin. So if the number of array elements islarge enough to make the signal in the bin spares in space, the signals of this targets’range-Doppler bin can be reconstructed according to DOA using spares reconstructionalgorithm of compressed sensing. Then all the targets’ DOA belonging to this bin can beacquired. The performances of the proposed method are verified by simulation experiments in the end.
3. The technique of analogue TV signals based mismatched filter is studied inthe fourth chapter. At first, the characters of ambiguity function of visual and audiosignal are analyzed separately. It is pointed that although the audio signal has theidealized thumb-tack ambiguity function which is very fit for PBR, its transmittedpower is low. Whereas although the transmitted power of visual signal is high, it hasrange ambiguity. In order to solve the range ambiguity of visual signal, a method ofmismatched filter based on only visual signal is introduced. Simulation results showsthat after mismatched filter, the ambiguity range sidelobe can be suppressed, but there isa large SNR loss. In the end, a mismatched filter based on both visual and audio signalis proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method can not only utilize allthe transmitted power of analogue TV but also suppress the ambiguity range sidelobewith lower SNR loss comparing to use only visual signal.
4. An interference suppression method for global system for mobilecommunication (GSM) based PBR using two-step spatial filter is introduced. In GSMbased PBR, there are not only strong interferences but also a lot number of weakinterferences. In order to suppress all interferences in GSM based PBR, it is proposedthat the weak interferences can be first suppressed using low sidelobe spatial filter, andthen the remained strong interferences are further suppressed by a robust adaptivebeamformer. Simulation results show that, compared to adopt only low sidelobetechnique or robust adaptive beamformer, the proposed method can suppress theinterferences in GSM based PBR better.
5. A method of interference suppression based on concatenation cancellation forcode division multiple access (CDAM) based PBR is given. In order to suppress all ofthe interferences from each CDMA base station, first pilot search is utilized to identifythe pseudonoise (PN) offset of the strongest direct signal. Then the DOA of thestrongest direct signal is estimated. After acquiring the strongest direct signal, theinterferences from this base station are removed using a temporal adaptive cancellationalgorithm. Repeat this in turn according to the energy intensity of each CDMA basestation till all the interferences are suppressed sufficiently. Simulation results verify theefficiency of the proposed method in the end.
本文围绕外辐射源雷达展开，针对基于调频广播信号的外辐射源雷达测向技术、基于模拟电视信号的外辐射源雷达失配滤波技术以及基于手机通信信号的外辐射源雷达干扰抑制技术等方面进行了深入研究。本文的主要工作可以概括为以下几个方面：
1.研究了一种基于Adcock天线的外辐射源雷达单目标测向方法。首先利用时域干扰相消消除Adcock天线各个阵元接收的直达波和多径干扰，然后各阵元相消剩余信号分别与参考信号作距离-多普勒二维相关以提高目标回波的信噪比，最后在目标对应的距离-多普勒单元处利用一种基于比相原理的测向方法实现目标DOA估计，该方法可以进行360°无模糊测向。针对当天线接收信号包含多个目标时，强目标的副瓣影响弱目标测向的问题，提出首先测量强目标的来波方向，然后消去强目标，再对弱目标作DOA估计。
2.提出了一种基于压缩感知的外辐射源雷达多目标测向方法。首先推导了当天线接收信号中某个距离-多普勒单元包含多个目标时，经过时域干扰相消和距离-多普勒二维相关处理以后，该单元内信号模型，指出其可以看作是该单元内所有目标的主瓣与噪声的线性组合。因此在假设天线阵元数足够大，使得信号满足空间稀疏性的情况下，提出对该单元内的信号进行基于压缩感知的方位向稀疏重构，从而得到该单元内各个目标的来波方向信息。最后对该方法的性能进行了仿真分析。
3.研究了基于模拟电视信号的外辐射源雷达失配滤波技术。首先分析了模拟电视音频和视频信号模糊函数的特性，指出音频信号虽然具有类似理想图钉形状的模糊函数，适合用作外辐射源雷达的机会照射源，但是音频信号的发射功率比较低；而视频信号虽然具有比较高的发射功率，但是存在距离模糊。然后介绍了一种单独利用视频信号进行失配滤波的方法，该方法虽然可以抑制视频信号中的模糊距离副瓣，但是存在比较大的失配信噪比损失。最后提出了一种利用视频和音频信号综合失配滤波的方法，结果分析表明，相对于单独利用视频信号进行失配滤波，该方法不仅可以利用模拟电视信号的全部发射功率，而且能够在产生比较小失配信噪比损失的情况下，抑制模糊距离副瓣。
4.提出了一种基于两步空域滤波的GSM辐射源雷达干扰抑制方法。针对GSM辐射源雷达中不仅存在能量很强的直达波和某些强多径干扰，还包括数量众多的弱干扰，提出首先利用低副瓣空域滤波对弱干扰进行抑制，然后利用一种稳健的自适应波束形成方法对剩余的强干扰作进一步的抑制。仿真分析结果表明，相对于单独利用低副瓣空域滤波或者稳健自适应波束形成，该方法可以更好的抑制GSM辐射源雷达中的干扰。
5.给出了一种基于级联相消的CDMA辐射源雷达干扰抑制方法。为了抑制CDMA辐射源雷达中各个同频基站的直达波和多径干扰，提出首先对天线接收的信号进行导频搜索，确认当前最强基站直达波信号的导频PN序列偏移数，然后测量该基站直达波信号的来波方向，在获得该基站的直达波信号以后，利用时域干扰相消消除该基站的干扰。然后循环运行将各个基站的干扰按能量从大到小依次消除，最后进行目标检测。仿真分析表明了该方法的有效性。
Passive bistatic radar (PBR) itself doesn’t transmit electromagnetic wave. It detects,locates and tracks target relying on the external illuminators which have already existedin the environment. Because of the property of passive detection, PBR has an excellentcapability of anti-interference and good survivance. In addition, relying on its bistaticgeometry and signal characteristic of illuminator, PBR has an excellent capability todetect low altitude targets and stealth targets. Therefore PBR is the new type of radarwhich has bright application value.
This dissertation addresses some aspects of signal processing for PBR. Theresearch focus on direction of arriving (DOA) estimation for frequency modulated (FM)based PBR, mismatched filter for analogue television (TV) based PBR, interferencesuppression for cell mobile communication based PBR.
The main contents of this dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. A method of single target’s DOA estimation based on Adcock antenna isstudied. First temporal adaptive cancellation is utilized to remove the interferences fromeach elements of Adcock antenna, and then range-Doppler two-dimension (2D)correlation between the remained signal from each channel and reference signal isutilized to improve signal noise ratio (SNR) of target. Finally target’s DOA is estimatedin the range-Doppler bin corresponding to the target via a method based onphase-comparison principle. This method can measure target’s DOA in the range of360°without ambiguity. When there are several target echoes received by the antenna,the sidelobe of strong target echoes may affect the DOA estimation of weak targets. It isproposed that the DOA of strong targets can be first measured. Then after removing thestrong targets, the DOA of weak targets can be estimated in the end.
2. A method of multiple targets’ DOA estimation based on compressed sensing isintroduced. First when there are several target echoes received by the antenna and twoor more targets are included in a same range-Doppler bin, the signal model in this bin,after temporal adaptive cancellation and range-Doppler2D correlation, is acquired. It ispointed that the signals in this bin can be seen as the linear combination of noise andmainlobe of the targets corresponding to this bin. So if the number of array elements islarge enough to make the signal in the bin spares in space, the signals of this targets’range-Doppler bin can be reconstructed according to DOA using spares reconstructionalgorithm of compressed sensing. Then all the targets’ DOA belonging to this bin can beacquired. The performances of the proposed method are verified by simulation experiments in the end.
3. The technique of analogue TV signals based mismatched filter is studied inthe fourth chapter. At first, the characters of ambiguity function of visual and audiosignal are analyzed separately. It is pointed that although the audio signal has theidealized thumb-tack ambiguity function which is very fit for PBR, its transmittedpower is low. Whereas although the transmitted power of visual signal is high, it hasrange ambiguity. In order to solve the range ambiguity of visual signal, a method ofmismatched filter based on only visual signal is introduced. Simulation results showsthat after mismatched filter, the ambiguity range sidelobe can be suppressed, but there isa large SNR loss. In the end, a mismatched filter based on both visual and audio signalis proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method can not only utilize allthe transmitted power of analogue TV but also suppress the ambiguity range sidelobewith lower SNR loss comparing to use only visual signal.
4. An interference suppression method for global system for mobilecommunication (GSM) based PBR using two-step spatial filter is introduced. In GSMbased PBR, there are not only strong interferences but also a lot number of weakinterferences. In order to suppress all interferences in GSM based PBR, it is proposedthat the weak interferences can be first suppressed using low sidelobe spatial filter, andthen the remained strong interferences are further suppressed by a robust adaptivebeamformer. Simulation results show that, compared to adopt only low sidelobetechnique or robust adaptive beamformer, the proposed method can suppress theinterferences in GSM based PBR better.
5. A method of interference suppression based on concatenation cancellation forcode division multiple access (CDAM) based PBR is given. In order to suppress all ofthe interferences from each CDMA base station, first pilot search is utilized to identifythe pseudonoise (PN) offset of the strongest direct signal. Then the DOA of thestrongest direct signal is estimated. After acquiring the strongest direct signal, theinterferences from this base station are removed using a temporal adaptive cancellationalgorithm. Repeat this in turn according to the energy intensity of each CDMA basestation till all the interferences are suppressed sufficiently. Simulation results verify theefficiency of the proposed method in the end.
引文
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