活性硒元对油茶林土壤理化性质的影响
|
摘要
油茶(Camellia Oleifera Abel),是我国南方特有的木本食用油料树种,茶油含油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%,是高级食用油。
加强油茶林养分管理,有助于促进油茶增产。本试验采用完全随机试验设计,共设计2种施肥方式(土壤赋存与叶面喷施),每种设计6个处理,即Ⅰ(CK0)、Ⅱ(CK1)、Ⅲ(CK2)、Ⅳ(J1Se1)、Ⅴ(J1Se2)、Ⅵ(J1Se3),三次重复。采用土壤赋存活性硒元复合肥的方法,从油茶成龄林土壤常量元素、中量元素、微量元素及污染元素含量等方面研究活性硒元复合肥对10年生油茶成龄林土壤理化性质方面的影响；应用土壤赋存结合叶面喷施的试验方法从油茶果实品质及产量等方面探讨活性硒元复合肥对10年生油茶成龄林油茶品质的影响。
土壤赋存试验研究结果表明：活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤常量元素含量,其中,以V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤常量营养元素N、K的增长影响效果最好,Ⅳ处理次之；Ⅵ处理对油茶成龄林土壤营养元素P增长影响效果最好,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤常量元素增长的最佳施肥配比。
活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素含量,中量元素是植物生长所必须的营养元素。其中,以V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素Ca、Mg的增长影响效果最佳,Ⅳ处理次之；Ⅳ处理是促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素S增长效果最好的配比,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素增长的最佳施肥配比。
微量元素在土壤中的含量较小,但是是植物生长不可缺少的营养元素。活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素含量,其中,以Ⅳ处理促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素Cu增长效果最佳,V处理次之；V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素Zn、Mn、Se的增长影响效果最佳,处理Ⅵ对促进油茶成龄林土壤微量元素Fe效果最好,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素增长的最佳施肥配比。
土壤中的污染元素在超过一定标准之后就会对土壤肥力造成污染,因此降低土壤中污染元素含量有助于提高土壤肥力。活性硒元复合肥能显著降低油茶成龄林土壤污染元素含量,经方差分析及多重比较得出V处理对油茶成龄林土壤污染元素Pb、As降解效果最佳；本次试验地中污染元素Cd含量较低,活性硒元复合肥对土壤污染元素Cd的降解作用有待进一步研究。
V处理能明显降低土壤容重,提高土壤田间持水量。对油茶成龄林土壤常量元素、中量元素、微量元素及土壤污染元素的影响均达到显著性水平,综合评价得出V处理是改良油茶成龄林土壤理化性质的最佳施肥配比。引起土壤理化性质变化可能由于活性硒元复合肥促进了土壤中微生物活性,有待进一步研究证实。
由田间施肥试验得出V处理是最佳施肥处理,这与施肥处理的设计初衷是一致的。同时可以得出如下两点推论：1)假设田间施肥试验得出的最佳施肥配比是Ⅳ处理,那么说明施肥配比设计的量过大,还应进一步调整施肥配比的水平。2)假设田间施肥试验得出的最佳施肥配比是Ⅵ处理,那么说明施肥配比设计的量过小,还应增加施肥配比的量。
叶面喷施研究结果表明：由于各试验处理间的差异,所以各项测定指标及变化趋势都存在一定的差异,但总体上能反映出活硒硒元能提高油茶品质、产量的作用。叶面喷施磷酸硒钾复合肥能显著提高油茶果实果壳、果皮、果仁中硒的含量,以Ⅵ处理效果最佳；处理Ⅵ相对于处理前油茶产量增产34.03%,在6个处理中促进油茶增产效果最佳。
由田间施肥试验得出Ⅵ处理是最佳施肥处理,这与施肥处理的设计初衷不太一致。可以得出如下推论：本试验得出的最佳施肥配比可能由于施肥配比设计的量过小,对油茶品质及产量的影响不够明显,还应增加施肥配比设计的量继续试验以得出最佳施肥配比。表明本试验最初设计的最佳施肥量可能过小,还应增加施肥量。
Camellia Oleifera Abel is a unique woody oil tree species in Southern China. C.Oleifera which is senior oil contains oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and other unsaturated fatty acid up to 90%.
C.Oleifera Fertilizer research showed that strengthening the forest nutrient management help to promote C. Oleifera production. There were 2 fertilizing modes (foliage spraying and soil occurrence) and 6 treatments in the completely randomized experimental design. The experiment using soil occurrence active Selenium compound fertilizer method to research the effect of soil physical and chemical properties made by active Selenium compound fertilizer from the study of content of macroelements, secondary elements, microelements and pollution elements in plantation of 10 year old C. Oleifera. To study the effect of quality of 10 year old C. Oleifera made by active Selenium compound fertilizer from the fruit quality and yield of C. Oleifera with the soil occurrence and foliage spraying test method of application.
The results of soil occurrence showed that active selenium can significantly improve the content of macroelements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. The treatment V largely promote the growth of N, K in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, IV treatment was followed. Treatment VI largely promote the growth of P in soil, treatment V second. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of macroelements in the soil.
Active selenium can significantly increase the amount secondary elements content which were necessary nutrients for plant growth. The treatment V largely promote the growth of Ca, Mg in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, treatmentⅣwas followed. Treatment VI largely promote the growth of S in soil, treatment V second. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of secondary elements in the soil.
The content of microelements was small in the soil, it is important for plant growth. Active selenium can significantly improve the content of microelements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. TheⅣtreatment largely promote the growth of Cu in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, treatment V was followed. Treatment V largely promote the growth of Zn, Mn, Se in soil, treatment VI largely promote the growth of Fe in soil, treatment V was followed. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of microelements in the soil.
Pollution elements will cause pollution of soil fertility in the soil after more than a certain level, thus reducing the pollution element content in soil can helps improve soil fertility. Active Selenium compound fertilizer can significantly reduce pollution in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. Through variance analysis and multiple comparison, obtain the treatment V largely reduce the pollution of pollution elements Pb, As in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. The pollution elements in the experimental plots Cd content was lower, Active Selenium compound fertilizer degradated soil pollution Cd elements will be studied further.
Treatment V can decrease soil bulk density, improve the soil field capacity. Treatment V have reached significant levels in treat macroelements, secondary elements, microelements and pollution elements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. Through comprehensive assessment, treatment V was the best fertilizer ratio to promote soil physical and chemical properties in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. active Selenium promote bacteria physiology activity which cause the change of soil physical and chemical properties, which needs further investigation.
The field fertilization experiment showed that treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer treatment which accord with original design of fertilizer treatment. The 2 deduction from the experiment as follows:1) Suppose that treatment IVwas the best fertilizer ratio, which explain that design values of fertilizer ratio is too high and should adjust fertilizer ratio level.2) Suppose that treatment VIwas the best fertilizer ratio, which explain that design values of fertilizer ratio is too lower and should increase the amount of fertilizer ratio.
The results of foliage spraying showed that:there are some differences between the treatments so the trend and measured indicators were different, selenium can improve tea quality and yield in general reflection. Foliage spraying selenium phosphate compound fertilizer can improve the C. Oleifera fruit husk, peel, nuts, selenium content. To the best effectⅥtreatments, the treatmentⅥC. Oleifera production compared to before treatment to increase 34.03%, was the best results in the 6 treatments yield promotion of C. Oleifera processing.
The results of the field fertilization experiment showed that treatmentⅥwas the best fertilizer treatment disaccord with original design of fertilizer treatment. The deduction from the experiment as follows:the effect of quality and yield of C.Oleifera was unnoticeable, which may because design values of fertilizer ratio is too lower. The best fertilizer treatment should be obtained by increase the amount of design fertilizer ratio.
加强油茶林养分管理,有助于促进油茶增产。本试验采用完全随机试验设计,共设计2种施肥方式(土壤赋存与叶面喷施),每种设计6个处理,即Ⅰ(CK0)、Ⅱ(CK1)、Ⅲ(CK2)、Ⅳ(J1Se1)、Ⅴ(J1Se2)、Ⅵ(J1Se3),三次重复。采用土壤赋存活性硒元复合肥的方法,从油茶成龄林土壤常量元素、中量元素、微量元素及污染元素含量等方面研究活性硒元复合肥对10年生油茶成龄林土壤理化性质方面的影响；应用土壤赋存结合叶面喷施的试验方法从油茶果实品质及产量等方面探讨活性硒元复合肥对10年生油茶成龄林油茶品质的影响。
土壤赋存试验研究结果表明：活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤常量元素含量,其中,以V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤常量营养元素N、K的增长影响效果最好,Ⅳ处理次之；Ⅵ处理对油茶成龄林土壤营养元素P增长影响效果最好,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤常量元素增长的最佳施肥配比。
活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素含量,中量元素是植物生长所必须的营养元素。其中,以V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素Ca、Mg的增长影响效果最佳,Ⅳ处理次之；Ⅳ处理是促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素S增长效果最好的配比,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤中量营养元素增长的最佳施肥配比。
微量元素在土壤中的含量较小,但是是植物生长不可缺少的营养元素。活性硒元复合肥能显著提高油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素含量,其中,以Ⅳ处理促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素Cu增长效果最佳,V处理次之；V处理对促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素Zn、Mn、Se的增长影响效果最佳,处理Ⅵ对促进油茶成龄林土壤微量元素Fe效果最好,V处理次之；综合分析得出处理V是促进油茶成龄林土壤微量营养元素增长的最佳施肥配比。
土壤中的污染元素在超过一定标准之后就会对土壤肥力造成污染,因此降低土壤中污染元素含量有助于提高土壤肥力。活性硒元复合肥能显著降低油茶成龄林土壤污染元素含量,经方差分析及多重比较得出V处理对油茶成龄林土壤污染元素Pb、As降解效果最佳；本次试验地中污染元素Cd含量较低,活性硒元复合肥对土壤污染元素Cd的降解作用有待进一步研究。
V处理能明显降低土壤容重,提高土壤田间持水量。对油茶成龄林土壤常量元素、中量元素、微量元素及土壤污染元素的影响均达到显著性水平,综合评价得出V处理是改良油茶成龄林土壤理化性质的最佳施肥配比。引起土壤理化性质变化可能由于活性硒元复合肥促进了土壤中微生物活性,有待进一步研究证实。
由田间施肥试验得出V处理是最佳施肥处理,这与施肥处理的设计初衷是一致的。同时可以得出如下两点推论：1)假设田间施肥试验得出的最佳施肥配比是Ⅳ处理,那么说明施肥配比设计的量过大,还应进一步调整施肥配比的水平。2)假设田间施肥试验得出的最佳施肥配比是Ⅵ处理,那么说明施肥配比设计的量过小,还应增加施肥配比的量。
叶面喷施研究结果表明：由于各试验处理间的差异,所以各项测定指标及变化趋势都存在一定的差异,但总体上能反映出活硒硒元能提高油茶品质、产量的作用。叶面喷施磷酸硒钾复合肥能显著提高油茶果实果壳、果皮、果仁中硒的含量,以Ⅵ处理效果最佳；处理Ⅵ相对于处理前油茶产量增产34.03%,在6个处理中促进油茶增产效果最佳。
由田间施肥试验得出Ⅵ处理是最佳施肥处理,这与施肥处理的设计初衷不太一致。可以得出如下推论：本试验得出的最佳施肥配比可能由于施肥配比设计的量过小,对油茶品质及产量的影响不够明显,还应增加施肥配比设计的量继续试验以得出最佳施肥配比。表明本试验最初设计的最佳施肥量可能过小,还应增加施肥量。
Camellia Oleifera Abel is a unique woody oil tree species in Southern China. C.Oleifera which is senior oil contains oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and other unsaturated fatty acid up to 90%.
C.Oleifera Fertilizer research showed that strengthening the forest nutrient management help to promote C. Oleifera production. There were 2 fertilizing modes (foliage spraying and soil occurrence) and 6 treatments in the completely randomized experimental design. The experiment using soil occurrence active Selenium compound fertilizer method to research the effect of soil physical and chemical properties made by active Selenium compound fertilizer from the study of content of macroelements, secondary elements, microelements and pollution elements in plantation of 10 year old C. Oleifera. To study the effect of quality of 10 year old C. Oleifera made by active Selenium compound fertilizer from the fruit quality and yield of C. Oleifera with the soil occurrence and foliage spraying test method of application.
The results of soil occurrence showed that active selenium can significantly improve the content of macroelements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. The treatment V largely promote the growth of N, K in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, IV treatment was followed. Treatment VI largely promote the growth of P in soil, treatment V second. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of macroelements in the soil.
Active selenium can significantly increase the amount secondary elements content which were necessary nutrients for plant growth. The treatment V largely promote the growth of Ca, Mg in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, treatmentⅣwas followed. Treatment VI largely promote the growth of S in soil, treatment V second. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of secondary elements in the soil.
The content of microelements was small in the soil, it is important for plant growth. Active selenium can significantly improve the content of microelements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. TheⅣtreatment largely promote the growth of Cu in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera, treatment V was followed. Treatment V largely promote the growth of Zn, Mn, Se in soil, treatment VI largely promote the growth of Fe in soil, treatment V was followed. Through comprehensive analysis, treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer ratio which largely promote the growth of microelements in the soil.
Pollution elements will cause pollution of soil fertility in the soil after more than a certain level, thus reducing the pollution element content in soil can helps improve soil fertility. Active Selenium compound fertilizer can significantly reduce pollution in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. Through variance analysis and multiple comparison, obtain the treatment V largely reduce the pollution of pollution elements Pb, As in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. The pollution elements in the experimental plots Cd content was lower, Active Selenium compound fertilizer degradated soil pollution Cd elements will be studied further.
Treatment V can decrease soil bulk density, improve the soil field capacity. Treatment V have reached significant levels in treat macroelements, secondary elements, microelements and pollution elements in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. Through comprehensive assessment, treatment V was the best fertilizer ratio to promote soil physical and chemical properties in soil of mature forest C. Oleifera. active Selenium promote bacteria physiology activity which cause the change of soil physical and chemical properties, which needs further investigation.
The field fertilization experiment showed that treatmentⅤwas the best fertilizer treatment which accord with original design of fertilizer treatment. The 2 deduction from the experiment as follows:1) Suppose that treatment IVwas the best fertilizer ratio, which explain that design values of fertilizer ratio is too high and should adjust fertilizer ratio level.2) Suppose that treatment VIwas the best fertilizer ratio, which explain that design values of fertilizer ratio is too lower and should increase the amount of fertilizer ratio.
The results of foliage spraying showed that:there are some differences between the treatments so the trend and measured indicators were different, selenium can improve tea quality and yield in general reflection. Foliage spraying selenium phosphate compound fertilizer can improve the C. Oleifera fruit husk, peel, nuts, selenium content. To the best effectⅥtreatments, the treatmentⅥC. Oleifera production compared to before treatment to increase 34.03%, was the best results in the 6 treatments yield promotion of C. Oleifera processing.
The results of the field fertilization experiment showed that treatmentⅥwas the best fertilizer treatment disaccord with original design of fertilizer treatment. The deduction from the experiment as follows:the effect of quality and yield of C.Oleifera was unnoticeable, which may because design values of fertilizer ratio is too lower. The best fertilizer treatment should be obtained by increase the amount of design fertilizer ratio.
引文
[1]庄瑞林.中国油茶[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1988.
[2]陈永忠,彭邵锋,王湘南,杨小胡,贺军辉,王德斌.油茶高产栽培系列技术研究——配方施肥试验[J].林业科学研究2007,20(5)：650-655.
[3]陈永忠,王德斌,刘欲晓.湖南油茶产业发展机遇与对策[J].湖南林业科技,2002,29(4)：50-52.
[4]张日清,吕芳德,王义强,等.我国油茶生产现状、存在的问题及发展建议[J].中国经济林现状与对策,1996：203-205.
[5]全国油茶产业发展规划.2010,9.
[6]潘晓杰,侯红波.不同土壤类型的油茶树体营养元素分析[J].湖南林业科技.2002,(02).
[7]阮宇成.茶叶中的硒及其对人体健康[J].中国茶叶.1987,9(5)：10-11.
[8]于观亭.谈富硒茶的利用与开发[J].中国茶叶加工.1997,(4)：11-14.
[9]程启坤.富硒茶的保健作用及其开发利用[J].中国茶叶.1992,14(5)：26-27.
[10]曾静,罗海吉.微量元素硒的研究进展[J].微量元素健康研究2003年02期,54-58.
[11]彭耀湘,陈正法.硒的生理功能及富硒水果的开发利用[J].农业现代化研究.2007年5月,第28卷第3期.
[12]施和平,张英聚,刘振声.番茄对硒的吸收、分布和转化[J].植物学报,1993,35(7)：541-546.
[13]赵佰仁,硒肥用于玉米[J].现代化农业,1990,(5)：9.
[14]尚庆茂,高丽红,李式军.硒素营养对水培生菜品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,(3)：11-15.
[15]国家林业局科技局、中国林业科学研究院编,油茶丰产栽培实用技术[M].中国林业出版社,2008.
[16]国家林业局.全国油茶产业发展规划(2009-2020年),2009.
[17]郑达贤,李日邦,王五一.初论世界低硒带[J].环境科学学报.1982,2(3)：241-249.
[18]Girling CA. Selenium in agriculture and the environment [J]. Agric Ecosystems and Environ,1984,11(1):37-65.
[19]布和敖斯尔.土壤硒区域环境分异安全阈值的研究[J].土壤学报.1995,32(2)：186-193.
[20]Fio JL. Selenium separation methods and application to soilsaturation extracts form San Joaquin Valley [J].California.Soil Sci Soc, Amer Proc,1990,54:363-369.
[21]李书鼎,张少兰.低硒土壤中75Se的形态转化[J].土壤学报·1990,27(3)：280-285·
[22]Zawislanski P T, Zavarin M. Nature and rates of seleniumtransformations:A laboratory study of Kesterson reservoir soils[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J,1996.60: 791-800.
[23]Gustafsson J P, Johnson L. Selenium retention in the organic of Swedish forest soils[J]. Soil Sci. J.,1992,43:461-472.
[24]侯少范,李德珠,王丽珍.我国土壤中结合态硒的含量和分布规律[J].地理研究.1990,9(4)：17-25.
[25]Chao T T, Sanzolone R F. Fractionation of soil selenium bysequential partial dissolution[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,1989,53:385-392.
[26]Awasthi Y.C., Beutler E., Srivastava S.K.Purifieation and Properties of human erythroeyte glutathione Peroxidase [J]. Biol.Chem,1975,250:5144-5149.
[27]徐光禄,亚硒酸钠预防克山病以及缺硒和克山病的关系[J].西安医科大学学报.1987,8(3)：329-331.
[28]Rosenfieldetal.Selenium.Aead.Press.NY.,1964,9:61.
[29]Davis C D, Zeng H, Finley J W. Selenium-enriched broccoli decreases intestinal tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice[J] Nutr,2002,132(2):307-309
[30]程伯容,鞠山见,赫荣臻,盛士骏.我国东北地区土壤中的硒[J].土壤学报.1980,01：005.
[31]薛澄泽,李嘉瑞,冯贵颖,等.食物链植物施硒的研究进展[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(3)：87-90.
[32]方兴汉,沈星荣.硒对茶树生长及物质代谢的影响[J].中国茶叶,1992,2：28-30.
[33]胡秋辉,潘根兴等.低硒茶园茶叶富硒方法和富硒效应的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,22(3)：100-103.
[34]吴军,刘秀芳,徐汉生.硒在植物生命活动中的作用[J].植物生理学通讯.1999,35(5)：417-423.
[35]Wan H.F, Mikkelsen R.L., Page A.L.Selenium uptake by some agricultoral crops from central California soil [J].Environ Qual,1988,17(2):269～272.
[36]方兴汉,沈星荣.硒对茶树生长及物质代谢的影响[J].中国茶叶.1992,2：28-30.
[37]Chen Y.Growing Se-rieh tea Plant[J].Proceedings of 95 International Tea Quanlity-Human Health SymPosium,1995,11:7-10.
[38]许春霞,李向民,肖永绥.土施硒肥与茶叶含硒量和产量的关系[J].西北农业学 报.1996,5(1)：71-75.
[39]崔崇士,张耀伟,冷松林,等.大白菜补硒研究[J].北方园艺.1997：18-19.
[40]陈明媚,石贵玉.铬、硒对水稻幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物.2005,25(3)：281-284.
[41]高贤彪,李彦,卢丽萍,等.高盐分土壤中钙硒对黄瓜产量与品质影响的研究[J].山东农业科学.2003(1)：34-35.
[42]潘根兴,胡秋辉.低硒茶园茶叶富硒方法和富硒效应的研究.南京农业大学学报.1999,22(3)：100-103.
[43]尚庆茂,李平兰.硒在高等植物中的生理作用[J].植物生理学通讯.1998,34(4)：284-287.
[44]马友华,章力干,司友兵,等.硒、硫施用对烟草中磷的吸收和积累的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报.2001,28(1)：18-23.
[45]马友华,丁瑞兴,张继棒,等.Se和硫相互作用对烟草硫吸收与积累的影响[J].土壤通报.2000,31(5)：231-235.
[46]马友华,丁瑞兰.植物体内硒和硫的相互作用[J].植物生理学通讯.2001,37(2)：161-165.
[47]郭庆元,李志玉等.大豆积硒基因型差异[J].中国油料.1997,19(4)：69.
[48]胡秋辉,潘根兴.低硒茶园茶叶富硒方法和富硒效应的研究.南京农业大学学报,1999,22(3)：100-103.
[49]刘祥林.富硒草每栽培技术[J].中国农垦,1996,12：298.
[50]张含生,金益,都昌杰.富硒大豆栽培技术研究[J].大豆通报.1998,4：10.
[51]陈为亮,张作磊,孙秀美,等.富硒苹果、板栗生产技术研究[J].河北果树.2003,8-9.
[52]李志玉,郭庆元,涂学文,等.硒效应和硒素积累特性的初步研究[J].中国油料.1994,16(1)：41-46.
[53]黄勤妮,刘祥林,柴晓清,等.草墓富硒的培育[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版).1995,16(2)：83-87.
[54]许春霞,李向民,肖永绥.土施硒肥与茶叶含硒量和产量的关系[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(1)：71-75.
[55]吴其飞,黄达明,管国强.茎部注射硒肥对金桔的生长及果实品质的影响[J].水土保持学报.2002,16(6)：92-95.
[56]尚庆茂,高丽红,李式军.硒素营养对水培生菜品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报.1998,3(3)：67-71.
[57]尚庆茂,李平兰,高丽红.水培生菜对硒的吸收和转化[J].园艺学报·1997,24(3)：255-258.
[58]谭周磁.硒在水稻上的应用研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报.1995,18(4)：58-61.
[59]陈铭,刘更另.高等植物的硒营养及在食物链中的作用(一)[J].土壤通报.1996,27(2)：88-89.
[60]陈铭,刘更另.高等植物的硒营养及在食物链中的作用(二)[J].土壤通报.1996,27(2)：185-188.
[61]Parizek J, et al.Mineral metabolism in Pediatries[M].Ox.Ford:1969, Blackwel
[62]石贵玉,陈明媚.铬、硒对水稻幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物.2005,25(3)：281-284.
[63]Thangavel P,Sulthana A.S,Subburam V,etal.Interactive effeets of selenium and mereury on the restoration Potential of leaves of the medieinal Plant Port Ulacao leraeea Linn [J]. Sci Total Environ.1999,243/244:1～8.
[64]吴永尧,卢向阳,彭振坤,等.硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J].中国农业科学.2000,33(1)：100-103.
[65]马友华,丁瑞兰.植物体内硒和硫的相互作用[J].植物生理学通讯.2001,37(2)：161-165.
[66]国家林业局.全国油茶产业发展规划(2009-2020年).2009.
[67]王新风,戴传超,蒋海龙,等.硒对栽培平菇产量及营养成分影响的研究[J].食品科学.2005,26(8)：91-95.
[68]王晋民,赵之重,沈增基.叶面施硒对青花菜含硒量及产量与品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版).2006,34(3)：127-130.
[69]Padmaja,K.,Prasad,D.D.K.,Prasad,A.R.K.Effeet of selenium on chloroPhyll biosynthesis in mug bean seedlings.Phytoehemistry 1989,28:3321～3324.
[70]彭克勤,洪亚辉,夏玮.硒对早稻光合作用和产量性状的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报.1997,23(5)：432-434.
[71]杜振宇,史衍玺.土壤施硒对萝卜吸收转化硒及品质的影响[J].土壤.2004,36(7)：56-60.
[72]杜振宇,史衍玺,王清华,等.施硒对茄子吸收转化硒和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报.2004,1(3)：298-301.
[73]何方,毛献策,王义强,等.中国油茶林地土壤类型的研究[J].经济林研究.1993,11(2)：1-14.
[74]Foyer C.H., Deseourvieres P, Kunert K. J Protection against oxygen radieals an important defense mechanism studied intransgenic Plants [J].Plant Cell Environ,1994,17:507-523.
[75]Anderson J W. Metals and Miero nutrients [A].Robb DA Pier Point WS Aea demie Press,1983,241-275.
[76]Ybkota A., Shigeoka S.,onishi T.,etal.Selenium as inducer of glutathione Peroxidase in low-CO2-grown chlamy domonas rein hardt [J].Plant Physiol,1988,86:649-651.
[77]薛泰麟,侯少范,谭见安,等.硒在高等植物体内的抗氧化作用[J].科学通报.1993,38(3)：274-277.
[78]汪志君,蒋士龙,李式军.麦芽富硒及其生化特性的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版).2002,23(2)：74-78.
[79]吴永尧,卢向阳,彭振坤,等.硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J].中国农业科学.2000,33(1)：100-103.
[80]许云,刘俊华,王子健,等.硒和环境中富里酸对小麦幼苗糖代谢的影响[J].环境科学学报.1995,15(4)：401-405.
[81]郭静成,尹顺平.硒对高等植物中谷肤甘肤过氧化物酶活性和谷肤甘肤含量的影响[J].西北植物学报.1998,15(4)：533-537.
[82]赵林川,俞炳.硒对玉米叶片衰老的调节作用[J].南京农业大学学报.1996,19(1)：22-25.
[83]张承东,韩朔睽,魏钟波,等.硒对除草剂胁迫下水稻幼苗活性氧清除系统响应的作用[J].环境科学.2002,23(4)：93-96.
[84]何方,毛献策,王义强,等.中国油茶林地土壤类型的研究[J].经济林研究.1993,11(2)：1-14.
[85]Schwarz K, Foltz CM.Faetor 3 aetivity of selenium compounds[J].J Biol Chem, 1958,233(1):245-251.
[86]ChenY. GrowingSe-rich tea Plant [J].Proceedings of 95 International Tea Quanlity-Human Healt Sym Posium,1995,11:7-10.
[87]黄隆富,程良斌.紫阳富硒茶抗癌试验.茶叶.1991,17(3)：54-55.
[88]代桂香、刘忠胜.高效多功能液体肥应用效果及施用技术.垦垃与铂作.2002年第6期.
[89]Arvy M.P. Selenate and selenite uptake and translocation in bean Plants (Phaseolusvulgaris) [J].ExP·Bot.,1993,23:279～291.
[90]陈宜,饶小玲.硒对人体的健康作用及硒茶培植开发.茶叶通讯.1996,(1)：30-31.
[91]Arvy. MP selenate and selenite uptake and translocation in bean plants J Exp Bot 1993,44:1080-1087.
[92]Cary EE, Allaway,WH. The stability of different forms of selenium added to low selenium soils.Soil Sci Soc Am Proc,1969,33:571-574.
[93]Asher CJ, Butler GJ,Peterson PJ.Selenium transportion room system of tromato. J Exp Bot,1977,28:279-291
[94]尚庆茂,李式军.水培生莱对硒的吸收和转化.园艺学报.1997,24(3)：255-258.
[95]Padmaja K,prasad DDK, prasad ARK.Selenium as a novel regulator of prophyrin biosynthesis in germinating sesdings of mung bean Biochem of inter,1991, 23:441-446.
[96]Munshi CB,Combs GF,Jr.et al.effect of selenium on the nitrogenous, constituen.of the potato.J Agric Food Chen,1990,38:2000-2002.
[97]Ursini F,Maiorino M,Gregolin C.The selenoenzyme phospholivid hydroperocids glutathione peroxidase.Biochim Biophys Acta 1985,839:622-625.
[98]Canada Journal of soil Seienee,1999,79(2):385-387.
[99]Schrauzer GN.Anticareinogenic effects of selenium[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2000, 57(13-14):1864-1873.
[100]Li B,Taylor PR,Li J Y,etal.Linxian nutrition intervention trials.Design, methods, ParticiPant Characteristics,andcompliance [J]. Ann Epidemiol,1993,3(6):577-58.
[101]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京：中国农业出版社.1999,269.
[102]中国科学院南京土坡研究所编.土坡理化分析,上海科学技术出版社,1978：3-11,66-70,99-121,178-182.
[103]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统—实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘(第2版)[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.
[104]中国知识产权报.2007年9月26日第11版.
[105]Shirft A.Transport of selenate into Astragalus roots.Plant Phy.Soil 1969,44:893-896.
[106]吴永尧,卢向阳,彭振坤,等.硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J].中国农业科学.2000,33(1)：100-103.
[107]周遗品.硒对水稻蛋白质和氨基酸含量影响的初步研究[J].石河子农学报学报.1995,31(3)：19-22.
[2]陈永忠,彭邵锋,王湘南,杨小胡,贺军辉,王德斌.油茶高产栽培系列技术研究——配方施肥试验[J].林业科学研究2007,20(5)：650-655.
[3]陈永忠,王德斌,刘欲晓.湖南油茶产业发展机遇与对策[J].湖南林业科技,2002,29(4)：50-52.
[4]张日清,吕芳德,王义强,等.我国油茶生产现状、存在的问题及发展建议[J].中国经济林现状与对策,1996：203-205.
[5]全国油茶产业发展规划.2010,9.
[6]潘晓杰,侯红波.不同土壤类型的油茶树体营养元素分析[J].湖南林业科技.2002,(02).
[7]阮宇成.茶叶中的硒及其对人体健康[J].中国茶叶.1987,9(5)：10-11.
[8]于观亭.谈富硒茶的利用与开发[J].中国茶叶加工.1997,(4)：11-14.
[9]程启坤.富硒茶的保健作用及其开发利用[J].中国茶叶.1992,14(5)：26-27.
[10]曾静,罗海吉.微量元素硒的研究进展[J].微量元素健康研究2003年02期,54-58.
[11]彭耀湘,陈正法.硒的生理功能及富硒水果的开发利用[J].农业现代化研究.2007年5月,第28卷第3期.
[12]施和平,张英聚,刘振声.番茄对硒的吸收、分布和转化[J].植物学报,1993,35(7)：541-546.
[13]赵佰仁,硒肥用于玉米[J].现代化农业,1990,(5)：9.
[14]尚庆茂,高丽红,李式军.硒素营养对水培生菜品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,(3)：11-15.
[15]国家林业局科技局、中国林业科学研究院编,油茶丰产栽培实用技术[M].中国林业出版社,2008.
[16]国家林业局.全国油茶产业发展规划(2009-2020年),2009.
[17]郑达贤,李日邦,王五一.初论世界低硒带[J].环境科学学报.1982,2(3)：241-249.
[18]Girling CA. Selenium in agriculture and the environment [J]. Agric Ecosystems and Environ,1984,11(1):37-65.
[19]布和敖斯尔.土壤硒区域环境分异安全阈值的研究[J].土壤学报.1995,32(2)：186-193.
[20]Fio JL. Selenium separation methods and application to soilsaturation extracts form San Joaquin Valley [J].California.Soil Sci Soc, Amer Proc,1990,54:363-369.
[21]李书鼎,张少兰.低硒土壤中75Se的形态转化[J].土壤学报·1990,27(3)：280-285·
[22]Zawislanski P T, Zavarin M. Nature and rates of seleniumtransformations:A laboratory study of Kesterson reservoir soils[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J,1996.60: 791-800.
[23]Gustafsson J P, Johnson L. Selenium retention in the organic of Swedish forest soils[J]. Soil Sci. J.,1992,43:461-472.
[24]侯少范,李德珠,王丽珍.我国土壤中结合态硒的含量和分布规律[J].地理研究.1990,9(4)：17-25.
[25]Chao T T, Sanzolone R F. Fractionation of soil selenium bysequential partial dissolution[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,1989,53:385-392.
[26]Awasthi Y.C., Beutler E., Srivastava S.K.Purifieation and Properties of human erythroeyte glutathione Peroxidase [J]. Biol.Chem,1975,250:5144-5149.
[27]徐光禄,亚硒酸钠预防克山病以及缺硒和克山病的关系[J].西安医科大学学报.1987,8(3)：329-331.
[28]Rosenfieldetal.Selenium.Aead.Press.NY.,1964,9:61.
[29]Davis C D, Zeng H, Finley J W. Selenium-enriched broccoli decreases intestinal tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice[J] Nutr,2002,132(2):307-309
[30]程伯容,鞠山见,赫荣臻,盛士骏.我国东北地区土壤中的硒[J].土壤学报.1980,01：005.
[31]薛澄泽,李嘉瑞,冯贵颖,等.食物链植物施硒的研究进展[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(3)：87-90.
[32]方兴汉,沈星荣.硒对茶树生长及物质代谢的影响[J].中国茶叶,1992,2：28-30.
[33]胡秋辉,潘根兴等.低硒茶园茶叶富硒方法和富硒效应的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,22(3)：100-103.
[34]吴军,刘秀芳,徐汉生.硒在植物生命活动中的作用[J].植物生理学通讯.1999,35(5)：417-423.
[35]Wan H.F, Mikkelsen R.L., Page A.L.Selenium uptake by some agricultoral crops from central California soil [J].Environ Qual,1988,17(2):269～272.
[36]方兴汉,沈星荣.硒对茶树生长及物质代谢的影响[J].中国茶叶.1992,2：28-30.
[37]Chen Y.Growing Se-rieh tea Plant[J].Proceedings of 95 International Tea Quanlity-Human Health SymPosium,1995,11:7-10.
[38]许春霞,李向民,肖永绥.土施硒肥与茶叶含硒量和产量的关系[J].西北农业学 报.1996,5(1)：71-75.
[39]崔崇士,张耀伟,冷松林,等.大白菜补硒研究[J].北方园艺.1997：18-19.
[40]陈明媚,石贵玉.铬、硒对水稻幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物.2005,25(3)：281-284.
[41]高贤彪,李彦,卢丽萍,等.高盐分土壤中钙硒对黄瓜产量与品质影响的研究[J].山东农业科学.2003(1)：34-35.
[42]潘根兴,胡秋辉.低硒茶园茶叶富硒方法和富硒效应的研究.南京农业大学学报.1999,22(3)：100-103.
[43]尚庆茂,李平兰.硒在高等植物中的生理作用[J].植物生理学通讯.1998,34(4)：284-287.
[44]马友华,章力干,司友兵,等.硒、硫施用对烟草中磷的吸收和积累的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报.2001,28(1)：18-23.
[45]马友华,丁瑞兴,张继棒,等.Se和硫相互作用对烟草硫吸收与积累的影响[J].土壤通报.2000,31(5)：231-235.
[46]马友华,丁瑞兰.植物体内硒和硫的相互作用[J].植物生理学通讯.2001,37(2)：161-165.
[47]郭庆元,李志玉等.大豆积硒基因型差异[J].中国油料.1997,19(4)：69.
[48]胡秋辉,潘根兴.低硒茶园茶叶富硒方法和富硒效应的研究.南京农业大学学报,1999,22(3)：100-103.
[49]刘祥林.富硒草每栽培技术[J].中国农垦,1996,12：298.
[50]张含生,金益,都昌杰.富硒大豆栽培技术研究[J].大豆通报.1998,4：10.
[51]陈为亮,张作磊,孙秀美,等.富硒苹果、板栗生产技术研究[J].河北果树.2003,8-9.
[52]李志玉,郭庆元,涂学文,等.硒效应和硒素积累特性的初步研究[J].中国油料.1994,16(1)：41-46.
[53]黄勤妮,刘祥林,柴晓清,等.草墓富硒的培育[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版).1995,16(2)：83-87.
[54]许春霞,李向民,肖永绥.土施硒肥与茶叶含硒量和产量的关系[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(1)：71-75.
[55]吴其飞,黄达明,管国强.茎部注射硒肥对金桔的生长及果实品质的影响[J].水土保持学报.2002,16(6)：92-95.
[56]尚庆茂,高丽红,李式军.硒素营养对水培生菜品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报.1998,3(3)：67-71.
[57]尚庆茂,李平兰,高丽红.水培生菜对硒的吸收和转化[J].园艺学报·1997,24(3)：255-258.
[58]谭周磁.硒在水稻上的应用研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报.1995,18(4)：58-61.
[59]陈铭,刘更另.高等植物的硒营养及在食物链中的作用(一)[J].土壤通报.1996,27(2)：88-89.
[60]陈铭,刘更另.高等植物的硒营养及在食物链中的作用(二)[J].土壤通报.1996,27(2)：185-188.
[61]Parizek J, et al.Mineral metabolism in Pediatries[M].Ox.Ford:1969, Blackwel
[62]石贵玉,陈明媚.铬、硒对水稻幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物.2005,25(3)：281-284.
[63]Thangavel P,Sulthana A.S,Subburam V,etal.Interactive effeets of selenium and mereury on the restoration Potential of leaves of the medieinal Plant Port Ulacao leraeea Linn [J]. Sci Total Environ.1999,243/244:1～8.
[64]吴永尧,卢向阳,彭振坤,等.硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J].中国农业科学.2000,33(1)：100-103.
[65]马友华,丁瑞兰.植物体内硒和硫的相互作用[J].植物生理学通讯.2001,37(2)：161-165.
[66]国家林业局.全国油茶产业发展规划(2009-2020年).2009.
[67]王新风,戴传超,蒋海龙,等.硒对栽培平菇产量及营养成分影响的研究[J].食品科学.2005,26(8)：91-95.
[68]王晋民,赵之重,沈增基.叶面施硒对青花菜含硒量及产量与品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版).2006,34(3)：127-130.
[69]Padmaja,K.,Prasad,D.D.K.,Prasad,A.R.K.Effeet of selenium on chloroPhyll biosynthesis in mug bean seedlings.Phytoehemistry 1989,28:3321～3324.
[70]彭克勤,洪亚辉,夏玮.硒对早稻光合作用和产量性状的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报.1997,23(5)：432-434.
[71]杜振宇,史衍玺.土壤施硒对萝卜吸收转化硒及品质的影响[J].土壤.2004,36(7)：56-60.
[72]杜振宇,史衍玺,王清华,等.施硒对茄子吸收转化硒和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报.2004,1(3)：298-301.
[73]何方,毛献策,王义强,等.中国油茶林地土壤类型的研究[J].经济林研究.1993,11(2)：1-14.
[74]Foyer C.H., Deseourvieres P, Kunert K. J Protection against oxygen radieals an important defense mechanism studied intransgenic Plants [J].Plant Cell Environ,1994,17:507-523.
[75]Anderson J W. Metals and Miero nutrients [A].Robb DA Pier Point WS Aea demie Press,1983,241-275.
[76]Ybkota A., Shigeoka S.,onishi T.,etal.Selenium as inducer of glutathione Peroxidase in low-CO2-grown chlamy domonas rein hardt [J].Plant Physiol,1988,86:649-651.
[77]薛泰麟,侯少范,谭见安,等.硒在高等植物体内的抗氧化作用[J].科学通报.1993,38(3)：274-277.
[78]汪志君,蒋士龙,李式军.麦芽富硒及其生化特性的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版).2002,23(2)：74-78.
[79]吴永尧,卢向阳,彭振坤,等.硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J].中国农业科学.2000,33(1)：100-103.
[80]许云,刘俊华,王子健,等.硒和环境中富里酸对小麦幼苗糖代谢的影响[J].环境科学学报.1995,15(4)：401-405.
[81]郭静成,尹顺平.硒对高等植物中谷肤甘肤过氧化物酶活性和谷肤甘肤含量的影响[J].西北植物学报.1998,15(4)：533-537.
[82]赵林川,俞炳.硒对玉米叶片衰老的调节作用[J].南京农业大学学报.1996,19(1)：22-25.
[83]张承东,韩朔睽,魏钟波,等.硒对除草剂胁迫下水稻幼苗活性氧清除系统响应的作用[J].环境科学.2002,23(4)：93-96.
[84]何方,毛献策,王义强,等.中国油茶林地土壤类型的研究[J].经济林研究.1993,11(2)：1-14.
[85]Schwarz K, Foltz CM.Faetor 3 aetivity of selenium compounds[J].J Biol Chem, 1958,233(1):245-251.
[86]ChenY. GrowingSe-rich tea Plant [J].Proceedings of 95 International Tea Quanlity-Human Healt Sym Posium,1995,11:7-10.
[87]黄隆富,程良斌.紫阳富硒茶抗癌试验.茶叶.1991,17(3)：54-55.
[88]代桂香、刘忠胜.高效多功能液体肥应用效果及施用技术.垦垃与铂作.2002年第6期.
[89]Arvy M.P. Selenate and selenite uptake and translocation in bean Plants (Phaseolusvulgaris) [J].ExP·Bot.,1993,23:279～291.
[90]陈宜,饶小玲.硒对人体的健康作用及硒茶培植开发.茶叶通讯.1996,(1)：30-31.
[91]Arvy. MP selenate and selenite uptake and translocation in bean plants J Exp Bot 1993,44:1080-1087.
[92]Cary EE, Allaway,WH. The stability of different forms of selenium added to low selenium soils.Soil Sci Soc Am Proc,1969,33:571-574.
[93]Asher CJ, Butler GJ,Peterson PJ.Selenium transportion room system of tromato. J Exp Bot,1977,28:279-291
[94]尚庆茂,李式军.水培生莱对硒的吸收和转化.园艺学报.1997,24(3)：255-258.
[95]Padmaja K,prasad DDK, prasad ARK.Selenium as a novel regulator of prophyrin biosynthesis in germinating sesdings of mung bean Biochem of inter,1991, 23:441-446.
[96]Munshi CB,Combs GF,Jr.et al.effect of selenium on the nitrogenous, constituen.of the potato.J Agric Food Chen,1990,38:2000-2002.
[97]Ursini F,Maiorino M,Gregolin C.The selenoenzyme phospholivid hydroperocids glutathione peroxidase.Biochim Biophys Acta 1985,839:622-625.
[98]Canada Journal of soil Seienee,1999,79(2):385-387.
[99]Schrauzer GN.Anticareinogenic effects of selenium[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2000, 57(13-14):1864-1873.
[100]Li B,Taylor PR,Li J Y,etal.Linxian nutrition intervention trials.Design, methods, ParticiPant Characteristics,andcompliance [J]. Ann Epidemiol,1993,3(6):577-58.
[101]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京：中国农业出版社.1999,269.
[102]中国科学院南京土坡研究所编.土坡理化分析,上海科学技术出版社,1978：3-11,66-70,99-121,178-182.
[103]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统—实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘(第2版)[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.
[104]中国知识产权报.2007年9月26日第11版.
[105]Shirft A.Transport of selenate into Astragalus roots.Plant Phy.Soil 1969,44:893-896.
[106]吴永尧,卢向阳,彭振坤,等.硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J].中国农业科学.2000,33(1)：100-103.
[107]周遗品.硒对水稻蛋白质和氨基酸含量影响的初步研究[J].石河子农学报学报.1995,31(3)：19-22.