车载信息记录仪主板动力学分析及硬盘减振研究
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摘要
车载信息记录仪通过记录系统总线等重要的信息来监测系统的工作状态,尤其是监测系统在恶劣环境下的工作状态,如振动与冲击、高低温等。记录仪本身作为电子设备在恶劣环境下同样会失效、遭到损害。本文着重研究主板和硬盘的抗振动与冲击性能。
本文首先以主板为研究对象,利用有限元方法对主板进行动力学分析,包括模态分析和谐响应分析。通过模态分析,得到主板在不同约束条件下的固有频率和振型,选择一阶固有频率最大为210.77Hz的约束条件作为主板最终的安装方案,保证主板的一阶固有频率大于汽车运输振动0～200Hz的频率范围,以避开共振。通过谐响应分析,可以验证主板的在不同约束条件即安装方式下的共振情况,得到主板某处的振幅、应力、加速度与频率的响应曲线。为以后主板上元器件的疲劳寿命分析提供了思路。
对于硬盘的减振研究,由于硬盘结构的复杂性,用有限元分析的方法不是很合适,所以本文从实验的方法入手,通过实验测试出某型号硬盘开启主动保护的激振频率的范围180～200Hz,针对实验数据及车载情况选用钢丝绳减振器,通过简化的动力学模型,确定了减振器型号以及隔振效率,并采用合理的安装方式,设计出结构简单,适应性强的硬盘隔振系统。
综上所述,本文针对主板和硬盘各自不同的特点与实验条件,分别采用有限元分析和实验分析计算的方法,对车载信息记录仪内部两大关键部件进行抗振动冲击研究。分析与实验结果表明,主板和硬盘均有良好的可靠性,适合在车载的环境下工作。
Vehicle-loaded information recorder monitors working status of the system by recording system bus and other important information, especially montitors working status of the system in the harsh environment, such as vibration and shock, high temperature, etc. Recorder itself as the electronic equipment in harsh environments also would be damaged. This paper focuses on the motherboard and hard drive performance of the anti-vibration and shock.
Firstly, as the research object to the motherboard, the motherboard using the finite element method for dynamic analysis, including modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. Get the natural frequency and vibration mode of motherboard under different constraints, select the constraints of the maximum first natural frequency 210.77Hz as the final installation of the motherboard, and ensure that the natural frequencies of motherboard greater than the frequency of vibration range 0 to 200Hz of a motor transport to avoid resonance.By verifying motherboard's resonance in the different constraints using harmonic analysis, can get amplitude, stress, acceleration and the frequency response curve on the motherboard somewhere, and can provides a guideline for the fatigue life of components.
For the damping of the hard disk, because of the complexity of the disk structure, the finite element method is not very appropriate. So this article tests out the exciting frequency range 180 to 200Hz of a hard disk which can activate the active protection by experiments, chooses wire rope shock absorber according to the experimental data and its application environment. This paper designs simple structure and adaptable vibration isolation system of hard disk by simplifying the dynamics model, figuring out the efficiency of the absorber and using seasonable installation.
In summary, because of different characteristics and experimental conditions of the motherboard and hard driver, using the finite element analysis and experimental analysis respectively, to study anti-vibration impact of the two key parts of the recorder. Analysis and experimental results show that the motherboard and hard disk have good reliability, suitable for work in the automotive environment.
本文首先以主板为研究对象,利用有限元方法对主板进行动力学分析,包括模态分析和谐响应分析。通过模态分析,得到主板在不同约束条件下的固有频率和振型,选择一阶固有频率最大为210.77Hz的约束条件作为主板最终的安装方案,保证主板的一阶固有频率大于汽车运输振动0～200Hz的频率范围,以避开共振。通过谐响应分析,可以验证主板的在不同约束条件即安装方式下的共振情况,得到主板某处的振幅、应力、加速度与频率的响应曲线。为以后主板上元器件的疲劳寿命分析提供了思路。
对于硬盘的减振研究,由于硬盘结构的复杂性,用有限元分析的方法不是很合适,所以本文从实验的方法入手,通过实验测试出某型号硬盘开启主动保护的激振频率的范围180～200Hz,针对实验数据及车载情况选用钢丝绳减振器,通过简化的动力学模型,确定了减振器型号以及隔振效率,并采用合理的安装方式,设计出结构简单,适应性强的硬盘隔振系统。
综上所述,本文针对主板和硬盘各自不同的特点与实验条件,分别采用有限元分析和实验分析计算的方法,对车载信息记录仪内部两大关键部件进行抗振动冲击研究。分析与实验结果表明,主板和硬盘均有良好的可靠性,适合在车载的环境下工作。
Vehicle-loaded information recorder monitors working status of the system by recording system bus and other important information, especially montitors working status of the system in the harsh environment, such as vibration and shock, high temperature, etc. Recorder itself as the electronic equipment in harsh environments also would be damaged. This paper focuses on the motherboard and hard drive performance of the anti-vibration and shock.
Firstly, as the research object to the motherboard, the motherboard using the finite element method for dynamic analysis, including modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. Get the natural frequency and vibration mode of motherboard under different constraints, select the constraints of the maximum first natural frequency 210.77Hz as the final installation of the motherboard, and ensure that the natural frequencies of motherboard greater than the frequency of vibration range 0 to 200Hz of a motor transport to avoid resonance.By verifying motherboard's resonance in the different constraints using harmonic analysis, can get amplitude, stress, acceleration and the frequency response curve on the motherboard somewhere, and can provides a guideline for the fatigue life of components.
For the damping of the hard disk, because of the complexity of the disk structure, the finite element method is not very appropriate. So this article tests out the exciting frequency range 180 to 200Hz of a hard disk which can activate the active protection by experiments, chooses wire rope shock absorber according to the experimental data and its application environment. This paper designs simple structure and adaptable vibration isolation system of hard disk by simplifying the dynamics model, figuring out the efficiency of the absorber and using seasonable installation.
In summary, because of different characteristics and experimental conditions of the motherboard and hard driver, using the finite element analysis and experimental analysis respectively, to study anti-vibration impact of the two key parts of the recorder. Analysis and experimental results show that the motherboard and hard disk have good reliability, suitable for work in the automotive environment.
引文
[1]顾胜,祝学军,杨华.基于1553B总线的运载火箭控制系统分析[J].导弹与航天运载技术. 2005.3:9-12.
[2]施华君.基于1553B总线的某飞行器数字伺服控制的设计与实现.硕士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,2009.
[3]孙涛,张华春.基于1553B协议的总线控制器和远程终端的FPGA实现[J].中国科学院研究生院学报. 2010,27.4:523-528.
[4]张晴晖,李俊萩,段芙蓉.基于FPGA的1553B通信模块的设计[J].电子技术应用. 2010.1:39-42.
[5]陈萍,姜秀杰.基于FPGA的CAN总线通信系统[J].计算机测量与控制. 2009,17.12:2482-2484.
[6]廖杰,裴益轩,钟联炯.基于CAN总线和以太网的武器控制网络构建[J].火炮发射与控制学报.2004,1:26-28.
[7]李俐,谢显中.基于CAN总线的行车记录仪设计[J].计算机工程与设计. 2009,30.22:5120-5123.
[8]于坤林. CAN总线数据采集与控制系统的FPGA_MCU结构实现[J].中国科技信息. 2009.22:140-142.
[9]陈双龙.以太网在舰载武器系统中的应用[J].舰船科学技术. 2005,27.2:50-55.
[10]胡风华.基于以太网的存储系统研究.博士学位论文.北京:中国科学院研究生院,2005.
[11]张星.基于以太网的野外仪表远程监控与维护研究.硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2007.
[12]秦丽.基于以太网接口的高速记录系统的研究.硕士学位论文.太原:中北大学,2008.
[13]程诗叙.印制电路板与集成电路组件的模态分析及振动可靠性研究.硕士学位论文.西安:西安电子科技大学,2005.
[14]杨平. PBGA组件的动态特性仿真与实验研究[J].振动与冲击.2009,28.3:168-170.
[15]张燕,司文建.加固计算机高频振动分析[J].许昌学院学报.2007,26.5: 95-97.
[16] L. Li, S.M. Kim, S.H. Song. Finite element model verification for packaged printed circuit board by experimental modal analysis [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2008,201: 746-750.
[17]许辉.基于FLASH的大容量记录器的设计.硕士学位论文.太原:中北大学,2007.
[18]孙浩然.高速海量固态硬盘的设计.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2008.
[19]彭兵.基于Flash的电子硬盘研究与设计.硕士学位论文.长沙:国防科技大学,2007.
[20]闫巍.船载航行数据记录仪的研制.硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2005.
[21]张赤萍.星载设备中1553B总线的研究与实现.硕士学位论文.西安:西安电子科技大学,2007.
[22]杨俊.抗恶劣环境外部设备.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社,1992:12-17
[23]王炜方,商用磁盘阵列抗军用恶劣环境设计与研究[J].电子机械程.2008,24,5:8-10.
[24] H.Nakagawa,K.Ogawa,A.Kihara,T.Hirogaki.Improvement of micro-drilled hole quality for printed wiring boards[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2007,191: 293-296.
[25] Robin Alastair Amy,G.S.Aglietti,Guy Richardson. Sensitivity analysis of simplified Printed Circuit Board finite element models[J]. Microelectronics Reliability.2009,49:791-799.
[26] T.Kangasvieri,O.Nousiainen,J.Putaala. Reliability and RF performance of BGA solder joints with plastic-core solder balls in LTCC/PWB assemblies[J]. Microelectronics and Reliability.2006,46: 1335-1347.
[27]程诗叙,敬守钊,单联芬.基于模态分析的PCB布局布线抗振设计[J].集成电路与元器件.2004,6:16-18.
[28] J.Luo,D.W.Shu,B.J.Shi,Q.Y.Ng.Study of the shock response of the HDD with ANSYS-LSDYNA[J]. Joural of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,303:57-61.
[29]王炜方,商用磁盘阵列抗军用恶劣环境设计与研究[J].电子机械工程,2008,24.5:8-10.
[30]史宝军,孙亚军,舒东伟,姜华,杨廷毅.硬盘抗冲击振动特性的研究进展[J].计算机力学学报,2009,26(3):324-329.
[31]徐弘光、王宏民.硬盘驱动器抗冲击性能的分析与计算[J].电子计算机与外部设备.2009,23.3:2-7.
[32]王耀华,刘学勇,蔡立艮,史长根.军用车载计算机中硬盘的抗振动冲击技术探讨[J].解放军理工大学学报.2003,4.6:58-60.
[33] Z.H. Zhu, S.A. Meguid. Nonlinear FE-based investigation of flexural damping of slacking wire cables[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2007,44:5122-5132.
[34]徐弘光、王宏民.硬盘驱动器抗冲击性能的分析与计算[J].电子计算机与外部设备.2009,23.3:2-7.
[35]贾建援,赵种磊.微型硬盘抗冲击振动主动控制系统的研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报.2002,29.3:296-299.
[36]周桐,张思箭,李健.电子器件隔振设计实验研究[J].实验力学,2006,21.3:387-392.
[37]刘栋.金属丝阻尼减振器在电子设备隔振系统中的应用[J].光电技术应用,2003,71.3:57-61.
[38] R.A. Ibrahim .Recent advances in nonlinear passive vibration isolators[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,314:371-452.
[39]李春洋.印制电路板有限元分析及其优化设计.硕士学位论文.长沙:国防科技科技大学,2005.
[40]周静淑,刘朝晖,许峰.车载状态下光电经纬仪的减振防护研究[J].光子学报,2007,71.3:57-61
[2]施华君.基于1553B总线的某飞行器数字伺服控制的设计与实现.硕士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,2009.
[3]孙涛,张华春.基于1553B协议的总线控制器和远程终端的FPGA实现[J].中国科学院研究生院学报. 2010,27.4:523-528.
[4]张晴晖,李俊萩,段芙蓉.基于FPGA的1553B通信模块的设计[J].电子技术应用. 2010.1:39-42.
[5]陈萍,姜秀杰.基于FPGA的CAN总线通信系统[J].计算机测量与控制. 2009,17.12:2482-2484.
[6]廖杰,裴益轩,钟联炯.基于CAN总线和以太网的武器控制网络构建[J].火炮发射与控制学报.2004,1:26-28.
[7]李俐,谢显中.基于CAN总线的行车记录仪设计[J].计算机工程与设计. 2009,30.22:5120-5123.
[8]于坤林. CAN总线数据采集与控制系统的FPGA_MCU结构实现[J].中国科技信息. 2009.22:140-142.
[9]陈双龙.以太网在舰载武器系统中的应用[J].舰船科学技术. 2005,27.2:50-55.
[10]胡风华.基于以太网的存储系统研究.博士学位论文.北京:中国科学院研究生院,2005.
[11]张星.基于以太网的野外仪表远程监控与维护研究.硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2007.
[12]秦丽.基于以太网接口的高速记录系统的研究.硕士学位论文.太原:中北大学,2008.
[13]程诗叙.印制电路板与集成电路组件的模态分析及振动可靠性研究.硕士学位论文.西安:西安电子科技大学,2005.
[14]杨平. PBGA组件的动态特性仿真与实验研究[J].振动与冲击.2009,28.3:168-170.
[15]张燕,司文建.加固计算机高频振动分析[J].许昌学院学报.2007,26.5: 95-97.
[16] L. Li, S.M. Kim, S.H. Song. Finite element model verification for packaged printed circuit board by experimental modal analysis [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2008,201: 746-750.
[17]许辉.基于FLASH的大容量记录器的设计.硕士学位论文.太原:中北大学,2007.
[18]孙浩然.高速海量固态硬盘的设计.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2008.
[19]彭兵.基于Flash的电子硬盘研究与设计.硕士学位论文.长沙:国防科技大学,2007.
[20]闫巍.船载航行数据记录仪的研制.硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2005.
[21]张赤萍.星载设备中1553B总线的研究与实现.硕士学位论文.西安:西安电子科技大学,2007.
[22]杨俊.抗恶劣环境外部设备.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社,1992:12-17
[23]王炜方,商用磁盘阵列抗军用恶劣环境设计与研究[J].电子机械程.2008,24,5:8-10.
[24] H.Nakagawa,K.Ogawa,A.Kihara,T.Hirogaki.Improvement of micro-drilled hole quality for printed wiring boards[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2007,191: 293-296.
[25] Robin Alastair Amy,G.S.Aglietti,Guy Richardson. Sensitivity analysis of simplified Printed Circuit Board finite element models[J]. Microelectronics Reliability.2009,49:791-799.
[26] T.Kangasvieri,O.Nousiainen,J.Putaala. Reliability and RF performance of BGA solder joints with plastic-core solder balls in LTCC/PWB assemblies[J]. Microelectronics and Reliability.2006,46: 1335-1347.
[27]程诗叙,敬守钊,单联芬.基于模态分析的PCB布局布线抗振设计[J].集成电路与元器件.2004,6:16-18.
[28] J.Luo,D.W.Shu,B.J.Shi,Q.Y.Ng.Study of the shock response of the HDD with ANSYS-LSDYNA[J]. Joural of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,303:57-61.
[29]王炜方,商用磁盘阵列抗军用恶劣环境设计与研究[J].电子机械工程,2008,24.5:8-10.
[30]史宝军,孙亚军,舒东伟,姜华,杨廷毅.硬盘抗冲击振动特性的研究进展[J].计算机力学学报,2009,26(3):324-329.
[31]徐弘光、王宏民.硬盘驱动器抗冲击性能的分析与计算[J].电子计算机与外部设备.2009,23.3:2-7.
[32]王耀华,刘学勇,蔡立艮,史长根.军用车载计算机中硬盘的抗振动冲击技术探讨[J].解放军理工大学学报.2003,4.6:58-60.
[33] Z.H. Zhu, S.A. Meguid. Nonlinear FE-based investigation of flexural damping of slacking wire cables[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2007,44:5122-5132.
[34]徐弘光、王宏民.硬盘驱动器抗冲击性能的分析与计算[J].电子计算机与外部设备.2009,23.3:2-7.
[35]贾建援,赵种磊.微型硬盘抗冲击振动主动控制系统的研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报.2002,29.3:296-299.
[36]周桐,张思箭,李健.电子器件隔振设计实验研究[J].实验力学,2006,21.3:387-392.
[37]刘栋.金属丝阻尼减振器在电子设备隔振系统中的应用[J].光电技术应用,2003,71.3:57-61.
[38] R.A. Ibrahim .Recent advances in nonlinear passive vibration isolators[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,314:371-452.
[39]李春洋.印制电路板有限元分析及其优化设计.硕士学位论文.长沙:国防科技科技大学,2005.
[40]周静淑,刘朝晖,许峰.车载状态下光电经纬仪的减振防护研究[J].光子学报,2007,71.3:57-61