大跨度复杂结构厦门国际会展中心抗震抗风设计研究
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摘要
用通用有限元程序来分析体型复杂、造型奇特的大型复杂结构是比较精确的，然而，一般的通用有限元程序的特点是前后处理比较繁琐，使用起来不方便。这对于用熟了现成的工程结构分析与设计软件(如PK、PM、TAT、TBSA等)的工程设计人员来说，是比较困难的事情。本文就以厦门国际会展中心为例，用大型通用有限元程序对其分析，以此作为计算分析复杂结构的一个范例，期望在计算分析复杂结构方面作出一些有益的探索。
围绕厦门国际会展中心的抗震抗风分析设计，本文主要做了以下工作：
1．国际会展中心的结构概念设计、有限元建模及分析。运用概念设计确定合理的结构体系。分析了厦门国际会展中心的静力特性及其力学性能。
2．对厦门国际会展中心进行了水平地震动力分析，分析了结构的动力特性及其力学性能。
3．对厦门国际会展中心进行地震的弹塑性时程分析验算，得出结构的层间位移角和塑性铰分布情况。
4．根据风洞试验结果得到结构不同部位的风压分布以及结构在风载下的响应，确定对结构安全度的评估，实现风振下结构舒适度的验算。
5．根据结构抗风理论，实现主体框架结构顺风向静动力风荷载分析和舒适度验算以及顶部多功能厅结构顺风向静动力风荷载计算。
同时上述的这些分析，比较全面客观地得出了结构的力学性能，指出了该结构的合理性与可靠性，为实际的结构设计施工提供了理论上的依据与参考。同时本文也在分析与设计大跨度、大悬臂等复杂结构方面得出了有指导价值的成果。
It is quite accurate to analyze the large scale complicated spatial structure with special shape by the versatile finite element analysis system. But the general character of the versatile finite element analysis system is rather complex and not convenient to use. This is hard for the engineers who were used to the current software for structure design (PK, PM, TAT, TBSA etc.). In this paper, the "XiaMen International Meeting Center" is being taken as an example to be analyzed by the large scale versatile finite element analysis system. It is hoped that some beneficial experience in analyzing the complicated spatial structure can be obtained through this example.
In the structure analysis of "the XiaMen International Meeting Center" , the study in this paper is focused on the following aspects :
1. The concept design and the finite element modeling of "the XiaMen International Meeting Center" are carried out. The reasonable scheme is proposed and the performance of statics is analyzed.
2. Take a dynamic analysis for "the XiaMen International Meeting Center" structure acted by the horizontal earthquake load, and its dynamic character and mechanic performance is given. By the mode analysis, the contribution of each part of elements to the whole structural rigidity is given in quality.
3. The seismic history elastic-plastic analysis is taken. The floor displacement of the structure and the distribution of the plastic ream are found.
4. Based on the results of the wind tunnel test, the response of the structure and the wind pressure distribution of different position are gotten. The evaluation of the safety and the comfortable extent under the wind vibration are achieved.
5. According to the theory of the wind load, the static and dynamic analysis under the along wind load of the main frame and test of comfortable extend are achieved and the static and dynamic analysis of the top structure are carried out
According to these foregoing analysis and studies, we have given the mechanic performance of the structure comprehensively and objectively. The rationality and the reliability of the structure are pointed out. Thereby, the basis and suggestion for the structural design and construction are provided. Accordingly some available conclusions are obtained in the aspect of analysis and design of the large span and large cantilever structures.
围绕厦门国际会展中心的抗震抗风分析设计，本文主要做了以下工作：
1．国际会展中心的结构概念设计、有限元建模及分析。运用概念设计确定合理的结构体系。分析了厦门国际会展中心的静力特性及其力学性能。
2．对厦门国际会展中心进行了水平地震动力分析，分析了结构的动力特性及其力学性能。
3．对厦门国际会展中心进行地震的弹塑性时程分析验算，得出结构的层间位移角和塑性铰分布情况。
4．根据风洞试验结果得到结构不同部位的风压分布以及结构在风载下的响应，确定对结构安全度的评估，实现风振下结构舒适度的验算。
5．根据结构抗风理论，实现主体框架结构顺风向静动力风荷载分析和舒适度验算以及顶部多功能厅结构顺风向静动力风荷载计算。
同时上述的这些分析，比较全面客观地得出了结构的力学性能，指出了该结构的合理性与可靠性，为实际的结构设计施工提供了理论上的依据与参考。同时本文也在分析与设计大跨度、大悬臂等复杂结构方面得出了有指导价值的成果。
It is quite accurate to analyze the large scale complicated spatial structure with special shape by the versatile finite element analysis system. But the general character of the versatile finite element analysis system is rather complex and not convenient to use. This is hard for the engineers who were used to the current software for structure design (PK, PM, TAT, TBSA etc.). In this paper, the "XiaMen International Meeting Center" is being taken as an example to be analyzed by the large scale versatile finite element analysis system. It is hoped that some beneficial experience in analyzing the complicated spatial structure can be obtained through this example.
In the structure analysis of "the XiaMen International Meeting Center" , the study in this paper is focused on the following aspects :
1. The concept design and the finite element modeling of "the XiaMen International Meeting Center" are carried out. The reasonable scheme is proposed and the performance of statics is analyzed.
2. Take a dynamic analysis for "the XiaMen International Meeting Center" structure acted by the horizontal earthquake load, and its dynamic character and mechanic performance is given. By the mode analysis, the contribution of each part of elements to the whole structural rigidity is given in quality.
3. The seismic history elastic-plastic analysis is taken. The floor displacement of the structure and the distribution of the plastic ream are found.
4. Based on the results of the wind tunnel test, the response of the structure and the wind pressure distribution of different position are gotten. The evaluation of the safety and the comfortable extent under the wind vibration are achieved.
5. According to the theory of the wind load, the static and dynamic analysis under the along wind load of the main frame and test of comfortable extend are achieved and the static and dynamic analysis of the top structure are carried out
According to these foregoing analysis and studies, we have given the mechanic performance of the structure comprehensively and objectively. The rationality and the reliability of the structure are pointed out. Thereby, the basis and suggestion for the structural design and construction are provided. Accordingly some available conclusions are obtained in the aspect of analysis and design of the large span and large cantilever structures.
引文
[1] 国家标准，钢结构设计规范(GBJ17-88)，中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[2] 王肇民，高耸结构设计手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1995．11
[3] 重庆市钢铁设计院，“朝天扬帆”结构设计方案简介，1999．3
[4] 张相庭，结构风压和风振计算，同济大学出版社，1990．10
[5] 张相庭，工程结构风荷载理论和抗风手册，同济大学出版社，1998．5
[6] 称英俊，于希哲，风荷载计算，中国铁道出版社，1998．5
[7] 同济大学，重庆“朝天扬帆”钢结构工程风振研究及试验报告，1999．7
[8] 武际可，苏先樾，弹性系统的稳定性，科学出版社，1994．7
[9] 国家标准，建筑抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89)，中国建筑工业出版社，1989
[10] 郭继武，建筑抗震设计，高等教育出版社，1990．10
[11] 王勖成，邵敏，有限单元法基本原理和数值方法，清华大学出版社，1997．3
[12] 中国土木工程学会等，第五届空间结构学术交流会论文集，1990．7
[13] 李正良，钢筋混凝土巨型结构组合体系的静动力分析，重庆建筑大学博士学位论文，1999．10
[14] Richard E.Goodman and Genhua Shi. Block Theory and Its Application to Rock Engineering. 1985
[15] C.Li. A Method for Graphically Presenting the Deformation Modulus of Joint Rock Masses. Rock Mech. Rock Engng. (2001) 34(1) pp64-65
[16] 李正良，盛焕明，刘东，“朝天扬帆”结构构件的动力稳定分析，第九届全国结构工程学术会议论文集，2000
[17] 盛焕明，刘东，李正良，对结构横风向驰振计算的改进建议，重庆建筑大学学报，第22卷2000年增刊
[18] 袁明武，SAP84微机结构分析通用程序，1992
[19] 朱以文，SAP91使用手册，1991．9
[20] 同济大学计算中心，SAP5结构分析程序——原理介绍，1984
[21] 王焕定，吴德伦，有限单元法及其计算程序，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[22] [美]R．W．克拉夫，J．彭津，结构动力学，科学出版社，1981
[23] W.J. Austin. Strength and Design of Metal Beam-Columns. ASCE Journal of Structural Division,87,ST4,1961: 1-32.
[24] W.F Chen, E.M. Liu. Structural stability: Theory and Implementation, Elesvier, New York, 1987.
[25] 胡海昌，弹性力学的变分原理及其应用，科学出版社，1958
[26] 王肇民，U．Peil，塔桅结构，同济大学出版社，1989．12
[27] S．铁摩辛柯，张福范译，弹性稳定理论，科学出版社，1958
[28] 龙驭球，新型有限元引论，清华大学出版社，1992
[29] 吕烈武，沈世钊，沈祖炎，胡学仁，钢结构稳定理论，建筑工业出版社，1983
[30] 卢铁鹰等，钢结构，西南师范大学出版社，1993．8
[31] J.M.Davis, E.R.Bryan. Manusl of Stressed Skin Dinphragm Design. Granada Publishing, 1982
[32] ECCS. European Recommendation for the Application of Metal Sheeting acting as a Diaphragm. NO 88, 1995
[33] G.Pincus, et al. Behavior of Diaphragms-braced column and Beams. Journal of the structural Division, ASCE, Vol.93.NO.st1, Apr 1967
[34] 罗邦富等，钢结构设计手册，建筑工业出版社，1988
[35] 胡聿贤，地震工程学，地震出版社，1988
[36] 王光远，建筑结构的振动，科学出版社，1978
[37] 星谷胜，随机振动分析，地震出版社，1977
[38] 朱振德等，风载体型系数风洞试验报告，1972
[39] Bieniawski Z.T. Rock Mass Classification in rock engineering, in Pro Symp.Exploration for Rock Eng., Vol.1,p97-106. Balkema,Rotterdam(1976)
[40] Bieniawski Z.T. The Geo-mechanics Classification in Rock Engineering Application. In Proc.4th Int. Congre. Rock Mech.. Montreux,Chap.5. p55-95, Rotterdam(1979)
[41] 王之宏，风荷载的模拟研究，建筑结构学报，第15卷第1期
[42] 国家基本建设委员会建科院，高耸结构物风振讨论会资料汇编，1972
[43] 俞载道，曹国敖，随机振动理论及其应用，同济大学出版社
[44] 张相庭，在脉动风压下结构风振系数的探讨，同济大学学报，1978，No．1
[45] 王文亮，杜作润，结构振动与动态子结构方法，复旦大学出版社，1985
[46] 包世华，周坚，薄壁杆件结构力学，中国建筑工业出版社，1991
[47] A.G.Davenport,Gust Loading Factors,ASCE,ST3,1967
[48] R.I.Harris,The Relationship of Wind Effects on Building and Structures,1963
[49] J.T.Oden &E.A.Ripperger, Mechanics of Elastic Structures, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, 1967
[50] N.N.Winer, Nolinear problems in random theory, M.I.T.Press, Cambridg, Mass. 1958
[51] T.T.Soong and F.A.Cozzarelli, Vibration of disordered structural systems, The Shock and Vibration Digest, V.8, N,5, 1976
[52] Bathe K J.Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1982
[53] K.Z.Truman, C.Pantelides, R.Behr and A.Belarbi, Comparision of Liner and Nonlinear seismic drift histories for midrise steel frames, Engineering Structures, Vol. 18. No.8, 1996
[2] 王肇民，高耸结构设计手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1995．11
[3] 重庆市钢铁设计院，“朝天扬帆”结构设计方案简介，1999．3
[4] 张相庭，结构风压和风振计算，同济大学出版社，1990．10
[5] 张相庭，工程结构风荷载理论和抗风手册，同济大学出版社，1998．5
[6] 称英俊，于希哲，风荷载计算，中国铁道出版社，1998．5
[7] 同济大学，重庆“朝天扬帆”钢结构工程风振研究及试验报告，1999．7
[8] 武际可，苏先樾，弹性系统的稳定性，科学出版社，1994．7
[9] 国家标准，建筑抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89)，中国建筑工业出版社，1989
[10] 郭继武，建筑抗震设计，高等教育出版社，1990．10
[11] 王勖成，邵敏，有限单元法基本原理和数值方法，清华大学出版社，1997．3
[12] 中国土木工程学会等，第五届空间结构学术交流会论文集，1990．7
[13] 李正良，钢筋混凝土巨型结构组合体系的静动力分析，重庆建筑大学博士学位论文，1999．10
[14] Richard E.Goodman and Genhua Shi. Block Theory and Its Application to Rock Engineering. 1985
[15] C.Li. A Method for Graphically Presenting the Deformation Modulus of Joint Rock Masses. Rock Mech. Rock Engng. (2001) 34(1) pp64-65
[16] 李正良，盛焕明，刘东，“朝天扬帆”结构构件的动力稳定分析，第九届全国结构工程学术会议论文集，2000
[17] 盛焕明，刘东，李正良，对结构横风向驰振计算的改进建议，重庆建筑大学学报，第22卷2000年增刊
[18] 袁明武，SAP84微机结构分析通用程序，1992
[19] 朱以文，SAP91使用手册，1991．9
[20] 同济大学计算中心，SAP5结构分析程序——原理介绍，1984
[21] 王焕定，吴德伦，有限单元法及其计算程序，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[22] [美]R．W．克拉夫，J．彭津，结构动力学，科学出版社，1981
[23] W.J. Austin. Strength and Design of Metal Beam-Columns. ASCE Journal of Structural Division,87,ST4,1961: 1-32.
[24] W.F Chen, E.M. Liu. Structural stability: Theory and Implementation, Elesvier, New York, 1987.
[25] 胡海昌，弹性力学的变分原理及其应用，科学出版社，1958
[26] 王肇民，U．Peil，塔桅结构，同济大学出版社，1989．12
[27] S．铁摩辛柯，张福范译，弹性稳定理论，科学出版社，1958
[28] 龙驭球，新型有限元引论，清华大学出版社，1992
[29] 吕烈武，沈世钊，沈祖炎，胡学仁，钢结构稳定理论，建筑工业出版社，1983
[30] 卢铁鹰等，钢结构，西南师范大学出版社，1993．8
[31] J.M.Davis, E.R.Bryan. Manusl of Stressed Skin Dinphragm Design. Granada Publishing, 1982
[32] ECCS. European Recommendation for the Application of Metal Sheeting acting as a Diaphragm. NO 88, 1995
[33] G.Pincus, et al. Behavior of Diaphragms-braced column and Beams. Journal of the structural Division, ASCE, Vol.93.NO.st1, Apr 1967
[34] 罗邦富等，钢结构设计手册，建筑工业出版社，1988
[35] 胡聿贤，地震工程学，地震出版社，1988
[36] 王光远，建筑结构的振动，科学出版社，1978
[37] 星谷胜，随机振动分析，地震出版社，1977
[38] 朱振德等，风载体型系数风洞试验报告，1972
[39] Bieniawski Z.T. Rock Mass Classification in rock engineering, in Pro Symp.Exploration for Rock Eng., Vol.1,p97-106. Balkema,Rotterdam(1976)
[40] Bieniawski Z.T. The Geo-mechanics Classification in Rock Engineering Application. In Proc.4th Int. Congre. Rock Mech.. Montreux,Chap.5. p55-95, Rotterdam(1979)
[41] 王之宏，风荷载的模拟研究，建筑结构学报，第15卷第1期
[42] 国家基本建设委员会建科院，高耸结构物风振讨论会资料汇编，1972
[43] 俞载道，曹国敖，随机振动理论及其应用，同济大学出版社
[44] 张相庭，在脉动风压下结构风振系数的探讨，同济大学学报，1978，No．1
[45] 王文亮，杜作润，结构振动与动态子结构方法，复旦大学出版社，1985
[46] 包世华，周坚，薄壁杆件结构力学，中国建筑工业出版社，1991
[47] A.G.Davenport,Gust Loading Factors,ASCE,ST3,1967
[48] R.I.Harris,The Relationship of Wind Effects on Building and Structures,1963
[49] J.T.Oden &E.A.Ripperger, Mechanics of Elastic Structures, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, 1967
[50] N.N.Winer, Nolinear problems in random theory, M.I.T.Press, Cambridg, Mass. 1958
[51] T.T.Soong and F.A.Cozzarelli, Vibration of disordered structural systems, The Shock and Vibration Digest, V.8, N,5, 1976
[52] Bathe K J.Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1982
[53] K.Z.Truman, C.Pantelides, R.Behr and A.Belarbi, Comparision of Liner and Nonlinear seismic drift histories for midrise steel frames, Engineering Structures, Vol. 18. No.8, 1996