网络监控系统的网络传输研究
摘要
网络摄像机随着银行、交通等领域的长足发展而日渐普及。目前,在安全防范、公共场合的安全监控方面有广泛的应用。而随着电子技术和计算机技术的发展,网络摄像机以其实时性好、集成度高、价格低廉等优点取得了越来越广泛的应用前景。
基于嵌入式系统的网络传输技术在网络摄像机的开发过程中起着重要的作用。而嵌入式系统的网络传输,涉及到对传输图像的压缩方法,以及开发板网口驱动,PC端网络传输程序,嵌入式TCP/IP的应用及改进。本文以CIRRUS LOGIC公司的以太网控制芯片CS8900A的硬件驱动程序为核心,以在小波压缩的基础上实现网络传输,并且尽量优化网络传输的效果,简化TCP/IP协议栈为目的,设计了一个在图像采集,图像压缩的基础上,通过网络进行图像实时传输的系统。通过对整个系统的调试,系统能够稳定的运行,并且达到较满意的效果。
Nowadays, with the rapid development of Internet and embedded system, embedded monitoring devices also obtain great improvement. The embedded system mentioned in this thesis is the network camera which is content-based and embedded. The main work of this paper is the network transmission of the cameras basked on the wavelet compression mode.
Compared with other regular monitor devices, the content-based network cameras have lots of advantage. For example, filter the useless data and pictures by the embedded video equipment in order to decrease the pressure on video compression and transmission. In addition, when users search the images which they are interested in, the system can save the time and enhance the efficiency. So, the network cameras have some advantage which other equipments do not have, and that offers the monitoring devices more developmental room and makes the research of compression and transmission in the networks more valuable.
Wavelet compression algorithm is the improved edition of many other image compression algorithms, and it has lots of strength that other ones don’t do, including the embedded coding, the video decomposition, the bigger ratio of compression, simple algorithms that is easy to perform. This algorithm fit the basic request of content-based networks cameras to compress the data, and it is benefit for the network to transfer. So it is very important to the exploitation of system. In the study of wavelet compression mentioned in the paper, we simplify the original algorithm and the fractional amount coding, such as using the DPCM coding and removing the compositor of the coefficients in the zero-trees compression algorithm. We perform the compression of images, mimic the situation and get the satisfied result. We can see the wavelet compression algorithm is rather valuable for the system.
There are two aspects in the networking transferring: the design of embedded TCP/IP protocols and the exploitation of the diver programs. We use the EBF-Lab533 as the embedded board. The details are as follows:
The main task in this paper is to analysis and research the function of every IP protocols, and to make a conclusion—the embedded system take the applications as the core and use the computer technology as basic. It is a stable and special computer system. Because the embedded TCP/IP protocols is defined in the area of embedded system, it do not need to perform all the protocols. In fact, it is the subset of TCP/IP. Therefore, we mainly discuss the features and ways of embedded equipment and networking cameras, as well as the design of message structure and the performance of the main functions. Besides, we also research the state-machine of TCP protocol. To perform the embedded TCP/IP protocols is benefit for not only the transmission in networks, but also the security and toleration for information. When everything is under control, the system can keep stable and practical.
The basic driver can be performed by coding the network card’s driving programs. That also is the key part of my work, including the research of the hardware and inside instruction, the exploitation of the state of the machines, the performance of the main functions such as interrupting machinery, the study of read-write machinery in the memory, the development of the working mode for network card. Finally we can use CS8900 to transfer information in embedded system. That makes the card have the interface to upper TCP/IP protocols. These offers evolve the initial interface, the Ethernet interface for reading and setting frames. So the protocols are relevant to the data communication for networks, such as the setting and receiving of the data. If the upper can envelop and decode the data well, then the system can use the interface of the basic driver to transfer in the physic-level.
At last, thorough the exploitation of protocols in bottom-level and top-level, we propose a useful system for both the transmission and the protocols.
Our system focuses on the application level, and is suit for the monitoring of the magazine, fireproofing, prisons and something like these. Therefore, the cost may be one problem we should consider. Fortunately, the experimental board has lots of basic functions and it cost much cheaper, so our system can be used widely.
At present, there are two things we need to improve in the future. They are the transferring of network and the compressing of images. The problem in real-time may be the main problem in the part of network transferring. Some special time may not fit for the requirement of system. We need to improve the driver part and the TCP/IP protocol in order to make the transferring suitable for any time. We hope a simpler and more effective result that has fast computing ability. That is because the operation is so huge for the data compression algorithm itself, which may be the bottleneck for the system’s addressing speed. When this problem is solved, the whole system can extend the range of application and enhance the total capability greatly.
基于嵌入式系统的网络传输技术在网络摄像机的开发过程中起着重要的作用。而嵌入式系统的网络传输,涉及到对传输图像的压缩方法,以及开发板网口驱动,PC端网络传输程序,嵌入式TCP/IP的应用及改进。本文以CIRRUS LOGIC公司的以太网控制芯片CS8900A的硬件驱动程序为核心,以在小波压缩的基础上实现网络传输,并且尽量优化网络传输的效果,简化TCP/IP协议栈为目的,设计了一个在图像采集,图像压缩的基础上,通过网络进行图像实时传输的系统。通过对整个系统的调试,系统能够稳定的运行,并且达到较满意的效果。
Nowadays, with the rapid development of Internet and embedded system, embedded monitoring devices also obtain great improvement. The embedded system mentioned in this thesis is the network camera which is content-based and embedded. The main work of this paper is the network transmission of the cameras basked on the wavelet compression mode.
Compared with other regular monitor devices, the content-based network cameras have lots of advantage. For example, filter the useless data and pictures by the embedded video equipment in order to decrease the pressure on video compression and transmission. In addition, when users search the images which they are interested in, the system can save the time and enhance the efficiency. So, the network cameras have some advantage which other equipments do not have, and that offers the monitoring devices more developmental room and makes the research of compression and transmission in the networks more valuable.
Wavelet compression algorithm is the improved edition of many other image compression algorithms, and it has lots of strength that other ones don’t do, including the embedded coding, the video decomposition, the bigger ratio of compression, simple algorithms that is easy to perform. This algorithm fit the basic request of content-based networks cameras to compress the data, and it is benefit for the network to transfer. So it is very important to the exploitation of system. In the study of wavelet compression mentioned in the paper, we simplify the original algorithm and the fractional amount coding, such as using the DPCM coding and removing the compositor of the coefficients in the zero-trees compression algorithm. We perform the compression of images, mimic the situation and get the satisfied result. We can see the wavelet compression algorithm is rather valuable for the system.
There are two aspects in the networking transferring: the design of embedded TCP/IP protocols and the exploitation of the diver programs. We use the EBF-Lab533 as the embedded board. The details are as follows:
The main task in this paper is to analysis and research the function of every IP protocols, and to make a conclusion—the embedded system take the applications as the core and use the computer technology as basic. It is a stable and special computer system. Because the embedded TCP/IP protocols is defined in the area of embedded system, it do not need to perform all the protocols. In fact, it is the subset of TCP/IP. Therefore, we mainly discuss the features and ways of embedded equipment and networking cameras, as well as the design of message structure and the performance of the main functions. Besides, we also research the state-machine of TCP protocol. To perform the embedded TCP/IP protocols is benefit for not only the transmission in networks, but also the security and toleration for information. When everything is under control, the system can keep stable and practical.
The basic driver can be performed by coding the network card’s driving programs. That also is the key part of my work, including the research of the hardware and inside instruction, the exploitation of the state of the machines, the performance of the main functions such as interrupting machinery, the study of read-write machinery in the memory, the development of the working mode for network card. Finally we can use CS8900 to transfer information in embedded system. That makes the card have the interface to upper TCP/IP protocols. These offers evolve the initial interface, the Ethernet interface for reading and setting frames. So the protocols are relevant to the data communication for networks, such as the setting and receiving of the data. If the upper can envelop and decode the data well, then the system can use the interface of the basic driver to transfer in the physic-level.
At last, thorough the exploitation of protocols in bottom-level and top-level, we propose a useful system for both the transmission and the protocols.
Our system focuses on the application level, and is suit for the monitoring of the magazine, fireproofing, prisons and something like these. Therefore, the cost may be one problem we should consider. Fortunately, the experimental board has lots of basic functions and it cost much cheaper, so our system can be used widely.
At present, there are two things we need to improve in the future. They are the transferring of network and the compressing of images. The problem in real-time may be the main problem in the part of network transferring. Some special time may not fit for the requirement of system. We need to improve the driver part and the TCP/IP protocol in order to make the transferring suitable for any time. We hope a simpler and more effective result that has fast computing ability. That is because the operation is so huge for the data compression algorithm itself, which may be the bottleneck for the system’s addressing speed. When this problem is solved, the whole system can extend the range of application and enhance the total capability greatly.
引文
[1]桑楠,《嵌入式系统原理及应用开发技术》,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,7。第二版,33-34 页。
[2]陈传波,金先级,《数字图像处理》,机械工业出版社,2004,7。第一版,45-47 页。
[3] Douglas E.Comer, David L.Stevens,《用 TCP/IP 进行网际互联》,电子工业出版社,2001,5。第一版,40-42 页。
[4] Stephane Mallat,杨力华,戴道清,湛秋辉译。《信号处理的小波导引》,机械工业出版社,2005,6。第一版,60-67 页。
[5]张旭东,卢国栋,冯健,《图像编码基础和小波压缩技术》,清华大学出版社,2004,6。第一版,165-205 页。
[6]丁贵广,计文平,郭宝龙,《Visual C++6.0 数字图像编码》,机械工业出版社,2004,2。60-65 页。
[7]David Salomon 著,吴乐南等译。《数字压缩原理与应用》,电子工业出版社,2003,8。50-56 页。
[8]贾永兴,余远德,陈鸣,《小波图像编码算法在 DSP 上的实时实现》,数字视频,2001 年 5 期。13-15 页。
[9]王向阳,杨红颖,《一种基于改进嵌入小波编码的新图像压缩算法》,小型微型计算机系统。2003 年 1 月,第 24 卷,第一期,11-12 页。
[10]沃焱,韩国强,张波,《基于扫描合并与重要子图的小波图像快速编码算法》,华南理工大学学报,2003 年 9 月,第 31 卷,第 9 期。1-2 页。
[11]Shapiro JM.《Embedded image coding using zero trees of wavelet algorithm》,IEEE Trans Signal Process,1993,4.Page 3448-3452。
[12]张磊,胡方明,李德昌,初秀琴,《基于 NIOSII 的嵌入式以太网卡口的设计》,电子科技,2002,5,3-5 页。
[13]冯波,肖定中,《SDRAM 在 EOS 中以太网口的应用》,光通信研究,2005,1。2-3 页。
[14]林德彬,赵惠民,谭恒良,《基于 ARM 嵌入式局域网视频监控系统的设计与实现》,视频技术应用与工程,2006,9。5-6 页。
[15]李为民,韦卫星,梁济仁,《视频图像采集与网络传输的实现》,计算机及网络技术应用,2006,8。9-10 页。
[16]李秀媛,《用嵌入式设备实现图像的网络传输》,山东大学,2005,4。25-28 页。
[17]霍喜平,宋媛媛,《以太网 MAC 芯片在网络设备中的应用》,仪器仪表用户,2002,5。9-13 页。
[18]武素华,吴建,《网络传输控制技术与拥塞问题分析》,信息与技术,2003,3。191-192 页。
[19]李立清,路海,《一种嵌入式 TCP/IP 的实现》,信息与电子工程,2003,12。第一卷,第四期。294-296 页。
[20]朱红,《IP 网络传输技术的研究与发展》,光通信技术,2002,5。25-27 页。
[21]赵云峰,王秋颖,《基于以太网的实时音频网络传输技术研究》,网络与多媒体,2006,04。61-64 页。
[22]纪其进,董育宁,《H.263 的差错恢复视频编码及其在 IP 网络传输中的应用》,有线网络,2002,1。63-66 页。
[23]鹿宝生,陈启美,《基于嵌入式网络视频服务器的网络监控系统》,武汉理工大学学报,2006,5。10-11 页。
[24]赵杰,王震洲,《基于网络连接的嵌入式视频监控系统研究》,仪器仪表学报。2006,6。16-19 页。
[25]张永强,赵永勇,李崇德,《嵌入式远程视频采集系统的设计与实现》,现代电子技术,2006,4。75-78 页。
[2]陈传波,金先级,《数字图像处理》,机械工业出版社,2004,7。第一版,45-47 页。
[3] Douglas E.Comer, David L.Stevens,《用 TCP/IP 进行网际互联》,电子工业出版社,2001,5。第一版,40-42 页。
[4] Stephane Mallat,杨力华,戴道清,湛秋辉译。《信号处理的小波导引》,机械工业出版社,2005,6。第一版,60-67 页。
[5]张旭东,卢国栋,冯健,《图像编码基础和小波压缩技术》,清华大学出版社,2004,6。第一版,165-205 页。
[6]丁贵广,计文平,郭宝龙,《Visual C++6.0 数字图像编码》,机械工业出版社,2004,2。60-65 页。
[7]David Salomon 著,吴乐南等译。《数字压缩原理与应用》,电子工业出版社,2003,8。50-56 页。
[8]贾永兴,余远德,陈鸣,《小波图像编码算法在 DSP 上的实时实现》,数字视频,2001 年 5 期。13-15 页。
[9]王向阳,杨红颖,《一种基于改进嵌入小波编码的新图像压缩算法》,小型微型计算机系统。2003 年 1 月,第 24 卷,第一期,11-12 页。
[10]沃焱,韩国强,张波,《基于扫描合并与重要子图的小波图像快速编码算法》,华南理工大学学报,2003 年 9 月,第 31 卷,第 9 期。1-2 页。
[11]Shapiro JM.《Embedded image coding using zero trees of wavelet algorithm》,IEEE Trans Signal Process,1993,4.Page 3448-3452。
[12]张磊,胡方明,李德昌,初秀琴,《基于 NIOSII 的嵌入式以太网卡口的设计》,电子科技,2002,5,3-5 页。
[13]冯波,肖定中,《SDRAM 在 EOS 中以太网口的应用》,光通信研究,2005,1。2-3 页。
[14]林德彬,赵惠民,谭恒良,《基于 ARM 嵌入式局域网视频监控系统的设计与实现》,视频技术应用与工程,2006,9。5-6 页。
[15]李为民,韦卫星,梁济仁,《视频图像采集与网络传输的实现》,计算机及网络技术应用,2006,8。9-10 页。
[16]李秀媛,《用嵌入式设备实现图像的网络传输》,山东大学,2005,4。25-28 页。
[17]霍喜平,宋媛媛,《以太网 MAC 芯片在网络设备中的应用》,仪器仪表用户,2002,5。9-13 页。
[18]武素华,吴建,《网络传输控制技术与拥塞问题分析》,信息与技术,2003,3。191-192 页。
[19]李立清,路海,《一种嵌入式 TCP/IP 的实现》,信息与电子工程,2003,12。第一卷,第四期。294-296 页。
[20]朱红,《IP 网络传输技术的研究与发展》,光通信技术,2002,5。25-27 页。
[21]赵云峰,王秋颖,《基于以太网的实时音频网络传输技术研究》,网络与多媒体,2006,04。61-64 页。
[22]纪其进,董育宁,《H.263 的差错恢复视频编码及其在 IP 网络传输中的应用》,有线网络,2002,1。63-66 页。
[23]鹿宝生,陈启美,《基于嵌入式网络视频服务器的网络监控系统》,武汉理工大学学报,2006,5。10-11 页。
[24]赵杰,王震洲,《基于网络连接的嵌入式视频监控系统研究》,仪器仪表学报。2006,6。16-19 页。
[25]张永强,赵永勇,李崇德,《嵌入式远程视频采集系统的设计与实现》,现代电子技术,2006,4。75-78 页。