印刷电路板式钳型Rogowski线圈电子式电流互感器
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摘要
随着嵌入式及通讯系统在电力系统的普及、IEC61850数字化变电站规约的推广,电力系统正朝着智能化、自动化方向发展,Rogowski线圈也必将在电流测量方面得到广泛的应用。本文针对钳型电磁式电流互感器的缺点,以印刷电路板式(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)钳型Rogowski线圈电子式电流互感器作为本文的研究对象。
在深入分析Rogowski线圈的数学模型的基础上,研究了Rogowski线圈的自积分、无源外积分和有源外积分工作状态,介绍了钳型PCB Rogowski线圈的设计。对电流互感器在线校验用钳型PCB Rogowski线圈进行了位置、开口、邻相误差分析和仿真。对Rogowski线圈的信号调理电路进行了深入分析,主要针对积分器的直流误差和交流误差进行了分析并提出了高性能积分电路应遵循的原则和设计方法,给出了A/D转换电路中ADC的选择原则、ADC的误差分析和ADC应用电路性能改善应遵循的一般原则。
最后介绍了钳型PCB Rogowski线圈的两处应用实例:应用于电流互感器在线校验系统和应用于电弧炉电流测量系统。给出了电流互感器在线校验系统积分器频偏实验、温度试验,钳型PCB Rogowski线圈和积分器的线性度实验,钳型PCB Rogowski线圈的开合实验和电流互感器在线校验系统的现场运行试验及相应数据。
实验和工程实例表明,钳型PCB Rogowski线圈的电子式电流互感器准确度高、动态范围宽,具有广泛的应用前景。
With the universal use of embedded and communication systems in the power system and the promotion of IEC61850 digital substation statute,power systems be more intelligent and automated. Rogowski coil in the current measurement will also receive a wide range of applications. In this paper, owing to the insurmountable shortcomings of clamp electromagnetic current transformer, bring up clamp PCB Rogowski coil electronic current transformer as the object of study.
First of all, based on the in depth analysis of a mathematical model of Rogowsk coil, analysis the self integration、passive and active outside integration of Rogowski coil, introduce the design of the clamp PCB Rogowski coil. and do position, adjacent bus, opening error analysis and simulation for clamp PCB Rogowski coil which for current transformer online checking system. Second, analyses the signal conditioning circuit in depth,mainly including integrator’s DC and AC error, and made a number of design methods which should be the basic compliance for improvement circuit performance, and gives the ADC selection principle, the ADC error analysis in A / D converter circuit also gives general principles for performance improvement in ADC application circuit.
Finally,introduce clamp PCB Rogowski coil in two application,using in current transformer online calibration system and EAF current measurement system. Issue integrator frequency deviation test、integrator temperature Test、clamp PCB Rogowski coil plus integrator linearity test、clamp PCB Rogowski coil opening and closing test and current transformer online calibration system scene running test.
Experimental and engineering examples show that clamp PCB Rogowski coil electronic current transformer have high accuracy and very wide dynamic range, will have a very broad application prospects.
在深入分析Rogowski线圈的数学模型的基础上,研究了Rogowski线圈的自积分、无源外积分和有源外积分工作状态,介绍了钳型PCB Rogowski线圈的设计。对电流互感器在线校验用钳型PCB Rogowski线圈进行了位置、开口、邻相误差分析和仿真。对Rogowski线圈的信号调理电路进行了深入分析,主要针对积分器的直流误差和交流误差进行了分析并提出了高性能积分电路应遵循的原则和设计方法,给出了A/D转换电路中ADC的选择原则、ADC的误差分析和ADC应用电路性能改善应遵循的一般原则。
最后介绍了钳型PCB Rogowski线圈的两处应用实例:应用于电流互感器在线校验系统和应用于电弧炉电流测量系统。给出了电流互感器在线校验系统积分器频偏实验、温度试验,钳型PCB Rogowski线圈和积分器的线性度实验,钳型PCB Rogowski线圈的开合实验和电流互感器在线校验系统的现场运行试验及相应数据。
实验和工程实例表明,钳型PCB Rogowski线圈的电子式电流互感器准确度高、动态范围宽,具有广泛的应用前景。
With the universal use of embedded and communication systems in the power system and the promotion of IEC61850 digital substation statute,power systems be more intelligent and automated. Rogowski coil in the current measurement will also receive a wide range of applications. In this paper, owing to the insurmountable shortcomings of clamp electromagnetic current transformer, bring up clamp PCB Rogowski coil electronic current transformer as the object of study.
First of all, based on the in depth analysis of a mathematical model of Rogowsk coil, analysis the self integration、passive and active outside integration of Rogowski coil, introduce the design of the clamp PCB Rogowski coil. and do position, adjacent bus, opening error analysis and simulation for clamp PCB Rogowski coil which for current transformer online checking system. Second, analyses the signal conditioning circuit in depth,mainly including integrator’s DC and AC error, and made a number of design methods which should be the basic compliance for improvement circuit performance, and gives the ADC selection principle, the ADC error analysis in A / D converter circuit also gives general principles for performance improvement in ADC application circuit.
Finally,introduce clamp PCB Rogowski coil in two application,using in current transformer online calibration system and EAF current measurement system. Issue integrator frequency deviation test、integrator temperature Test、clamp PCB Rogowski coil plus integrator linearity test、clamp PCB Rogowski coil opening and closing test and current transformer online calibration system scene running test.
Experimental and engineering examples show that clamp PCB Rogowski coil electronic current transformer have high accuracy and very wide dynamic range, will have a very broad application prospects.
引文
[1]彭丽. 10kV/35kV电子式电压/电流互感器研究.(硕士论文)武汉:华中科技大学. 2004
[2]罗苏南,叶妙元.电子式互感器的研究进展.江苏电机工程, 2003, 5:51-54
[3]张德赛,罗道军,彭剑.国内外光电式电流互感器研究现状.四川电力技术, 1999, (2):53-56
[4]裴学元,浦秋棣. ECCT-1型精密钳型电流互感器.电测与仪表, 1997, 36(403):13-16
[5] J. P. Dupraz,Alain Fanget, Wolfgang Grieshaber, G. F. Montillet. RogowskiCoil: Exceptional Current Measurement Tool For Almost Any Application. Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007. IEEE 24-28 June 2007 :1–8
[6]中压配电设备的传感器及非常规电压、电流互感器.西安高压电器研究所《国内外最新中压配电开关设备的发展趋势》:198-209
[7] Kojovic, L. Rogowskicoils suit relay protection and measurement.Computer Applications in Power. IEEE, 1997, 10(3):47–52
[8] Ray, W.F. The use of Rogowskicoils for low amplitude current waveform measurement. Measurement Techniques for Power Electronics. IEE Colloquium on 16 Dec 1991 :61-65
[9]袁季修,盛和乐,吴聚业著.保护用电流互感器应用指南.北京:中国电力出版社, 2003
[10]林莘著.现代高压电器技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002.
[11]李芙英,纪昆,臧金奎.基于DSP的光电式电流互感器的实用化设计.电网技术, 2002,116(6): 46-48
[12]郭晓华,叶妙元.用于110kV变压器的空心线圈电流互感器研究.高压电器,2002, 38(3): 23-26
[13] Hewson, C.; Ray, W.R.; The effect of electrostatic screening of Rogowskicoils designed for wide-bandwidth current measurement in power electronic applications,Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual, 2004, 2:1143-1148
[14]翟小社,林莘,刘光德. Rogowski线圈在工频电流测量中的应用.华北电力大学学报, 2002, 2:145-149.
[15]李维波,毛承雄. Rogowski线圈的结构、电磁参数对其性能影响的研究.高压电器, 2004, 40(2):94-97
[16]卡兰塔罗夫,采伊特林著.陈汤铭等译.电感计算手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[17]李维波,毛承雄.分布电容对Rogowski线圈动态特性影响研究.电工技术学报, 2004, 19(6):12-16
[18] Dong-Seok In, Sugoog Shon, Jae-Jo Lee. A study on the implementation of inductive coupler with Rogowskicoil for BPLC. Advanced Technologies for Communications, 2008. ATC 2008. International Conference on6-9 Oct. 2008 :327– 330
[19] Zhu Jundong, Zhang Qiaogen et al. Design of a RogowskiCoil with a Magnetic CoreUsed for Measurements of Nanosecond Current Pulses. Plasma Sci. Technol, 2006, 8(4):457-460
[20]张德铭.基于Rogowski线圈动态模型的研究. (硕士论文)北京:华北电力大学. 2006
[21] Wei Li; Xianggen Yin; Deshu Chen et al. The Study of Transient Performance for Electronic Current Transformer Sensor Based on RogowskiCoil. Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2006, 1(6-8):162– 165
[22]张红岭. Rgoowksi线圈的研究与设计. (硕士论文)秦皇岛:燕山大学. 2006
[23]曹志辉,周有庆,彭春燕等.螺线管空心线圈电流传感器的研究.磁性材料与器件, 2009, 40(1):39-40
[24] Yutthagowith P, Pattanadech N, Kunakorn A. Design and construction of a Rogowski’s coil with compensated RC integrators for measuring impulse current.. 2007:189-192
[25]李红斌,陈庆,张明明等.一种基于印刷电路板的高准确度Rogowski线圈.高电压技术, 2004, 30(4):54-55
[26]杨楠,段雄英.一种新型的Rogowski线圈——PCB罗氏线圈.高压电器, 2005, 41(3):209-211
[27]王程远,陈幼平,张冈等. PCB空心线圈位置误差分析与控制.中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(15):103-105
[28]张艳,李红斌. PCB型Rogowski线圈的可靠性研究.高压电器, 2006, 42(6):421-424
[29] Chengyuan Wang; Youping Chen; Gang Zhang et al. Design of Printed-Circuit Board RogowskiCoil for Highly Accurate Current Measurement. Mechatronics and Automation, 2007. ICMA 2007. International Conference on5-8 Aug. 2007:3801–3806
[30]谢彬.电子式电流互感器及其接口技术研究. (硕士论文)武汉:华中科技大学. 2007
[31] (日)冈村迪夫著.王玲等译. OP放大电路设计.北京:科学出版社, 2004
[32] Bruce Carter Thomas R. Brown. HANDBOOK OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS. Texas Instruments. SBOA092A
[33] Jim Karki. Understanding Operational Amplifier Specifications. Texas Instruments. SLOA011. April 1998
[34]刘艳峰,尚秋峰,周文昌. Rogowski线圈典型外积分电路暂态性能比较与仿真.电力自动化设备,2006, 26(7):30-32
[35] Kumen Blake. Op Amp Precision Design: DC Errors. Microchip Technology Inc. AN1177
[36] Paul Lee. Low Noise Amplifier Selection Guide for Optimal Noise Performance.Analog Devices Inc. AN-940
[37] Art Kay.运算放大器电路固有噪声的分析与测量. Texas Instruments
[38] Noise Analysis in Operational Amplifier Circuits. 2007 Digital Signal Processing Solutions, SLVA043B Texas Instruments
[39] James Karki. Calculating noise figure in op amps. Texas Instruments. Analog Applications Journal, 4Q 2003
[40]郭吉伟. Rogowski线圈电流互感器的响应分析和相位补偿设计.研究与分析,2007, 36(3):20-22
[41] Steve Bowling. Understanding A/D Converter Performance Specifications. Microchip Technology Inc. AN693
[42] Bonnie Baker. A Glossary of Analog-to-Digital Specifications and Performance Characteristics. Texas Instruments. SBAA147A
[43] Understanding Data Converter. Texas Instruments. SLAA013
[44] Gary Hendrickson. Basic Guidelines For Using Analog-To-Digital Converters, Intersil Corporation.
[45] Kumen Blake. Op Amp Precision Design: Random Noise. Microchip Technology Inc. AN1228
[2]罗苏南,叶妙元.电子式互感器的研究进展.江苏电机工程, 2003, 5:51-54
[3]张德赛,罗道军,彭剑.国内外光电式电流互感器研究现状.四川电力技术, 1999, (2):53-56
[4]裴学元,浦秋棣. ECCT-1型精密钳型电流互感器.电测与仪表, 1997, 36(403):13-16
[5] J. P. Dupraz,Alain Fanget, Wolfgang Grieshaber, G. F. Montillet. RogowskiCoil: Exceptional Current Measurement Tool For Almost Any Application. Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007. IEEE 24-28 June 2007 :1–8
[6]中压配电设备的传感器及非常规电压、电流互感器.西安高压电器研究所《国内外最新中压配电开关设备的发展趋势》:198-209
[7] Kojovic, L. Rogowskicoils suit relay protection and measurement.Computer Applications in Power. IEEE, 1997, 10(3):47–52
[8] Ray, W.F. The use of Rogowskicoils for low amplitude current waveform measurement. Measurement Techniques for Power Electronics. IEE Colloquium on 16 Dec 1991 :61-65
[9]袁季修,盛和乐,吴聚业著.保护用电流互感器应用指南.北京:中国电力出版社, 2003
[10]林莘著.现代高压电器技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002.
[11]李芙英,纪昆,臧金奎.基于DSP的光电式电流互感器的实用化设计.电网技术, 2002,116(6): 46-48
[12]郭晓华,叶妙元.用于110kV变压器的空心线圈电流互感器研究.高压电器,2002, 38(3): 23-26
[13] Hewson, C.; Ray, W.R.; The effect of electrostatic screening of Rogowskicoils designed for wide-bandwidth current measurement in power electronic applications,Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual, 2004, 2:1143-1148
[14]翟小社,林莘,刘光德. Rogowski线圈在工频电流测量中的应用.华北电力大学学报, 2002, 2:145-149.
[15]李维波,毛承雄. Rogowski线圈的结构、电磁参数对其性能影响的研究.高压电器, 2004, 40(2):94-97
[16]卡兰塔罗夫,采伊特林著.陈汤铭等译.电感计算手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[17]李维波,毛承雄.分布电容对Rogowski线圈动态特性影响研究.电工技术学报, 2004, 19(6):12-16
[18] Dong-Seok In, Sugoog Shon, Jae-Jo Lee. A study on the implementation of inductive coupler with Rogowskicoil for BPLC. Advanced Technologies for Communications, 2008. ATC 2008. International Conference on6-9 Oct. 2008 :327– 330
[19] Zhu Jundong, Zhang Qiaogen et al. Design of a RogowskiCoil with a Magnetic CoreUsed for Measurements of Nanosecond Current Pulses. Plasma Sci. Technol, 2006, 8(4):457-460
[20]张德铭.基于Rogowski线圈动态模型的研究. (硕士论文)北京:华北电力大学. 2006
[21] Wei Li; Xianggen Yin; Deshu Chen et al. The Study of Transient Performance for Electronic Current Transformer Sensor Based on RogowskiCoil. Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2006, 1(6-8):162– 165
[22]张红岭. Rgoowksi线圈的研究与设计. (硕士论文)秦皇岛:燕山大学. 2006
[23]曹志辉,周有庆,彭春燕等.螺线管空心线圈电流传感器的研究.磁性材料与器件, 2009, 40(1):39-40
[24] Yutthagowith P, Pattanadech N, Kunakorn A. Design and construction of a Rogowski’s coil with compensated RC integrators for measuring impulse current.. 2007:189-192
[25]李红斌,陈庆,张明明等.一种基于印刷电路板的高准确度Rogowski线圈.高电压技术, 2004, 30(4):54-55
[26]杨楠,段雄英.一种新型的Rogowski线圈——PCB罗氏线圈.高压电器, 2005, 41(3):209-211
[27]王程远,陈幼平,张冈等. PCB空心线圈位置误差分析与控制.中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(15):103-105
[28]张艳,李红斌. PCB型Rogowski线圈的可靠性研究.高压电器, 2006, 42(6):421-424
[29] Chengyuan Wang; Youping Chen; Gang Zhang et al. Design of Printed-Circuit Board RogowskiCoil for Highly Accurate Current Measurement. Mechatronics and Automation, 2007. ICMA 2007. International Conference on5-8 Aug. 2007:3801–3806
[30]谢彬.电子式电流互感器及其接口技术研究. (硕士论文)武汉:华中科技大学. 2007
[31] (日)冈村迪夫著.王玲等译. OP放大电路设计.北京:科学出版社, 2004
[32] Bruce Carter Thomas R. Brown. HANDBOOK OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS. Texas Instruments. SBOA092A
[33] Jim Karki. Understanding Operational Amplifier Specifications. Texas Instruments. SLOA011. April 1998
[34]刘艳峰,尚秋峰,周文昌. Rogowski线圈典型外积分电路暂态性能比较与仿真.电力自动化设备,2006, 26(7):30-32
[35] Kumen Blake. Op Amp Precision Design: DC Errors. Microchip Technology Inc. AN1177
[36] Paul Lee. Low Noise Amplifier Selection Guide for Optimal Noise Performance.Analog Devices Inc. AN-940
[37] Art Kay.运算放大器电路固有噪声的分析与测量. Texas Instruments
[38] Noise Analysis in Operational Amplifier Circuits. 2007 Digital Signal Processing Solutions, SLVA043B Texas Instruments
[39] James Karki. Calculating noise figure in op amps. Texas Instruments. Analog Applications Journal, 4Q 2003
[40]郭吉伟. Rogowski线圈电流互感器的响应分析和相位补偿设计.研究与分析,2007, 36(3):20-22
[41] Steve Bowling. Understanding A/D Converter Performance Specifications. Microchip Technology Inc. AN693
[42] Bonnie Baker. A Glossary of Analog-to-Digital Specifications and Performance Characteristics. Texas Instruments. SBAA147A
[43] Understanding Data Converter. Texas Instruments. SLAA013
[44] Gary Hendrickson. Basic Guidelines For Using Analog-To-Digital Converters, Intersil Corporation.
[45] Kumen Blake. Op Amp Precision Design: Random Noise. Microchip Technology Inc. AN1228