基于智能控制和现场总线技术的温室环境控制系统研究
摘要
温室技术具有合理利用农业资源、保护生态环境、提高农产品产量及在国际市场竞争力等优势,已成为当前国际前沿性研究领域。如何利用自动控制系统有效地提高温室环境控制水平和现代化管理程度,是温室技术研究的重要课题之一。随着过程控制技术、通讯技术、自动检测技术及计算机技术的发展,将工业上较为成熟的、先进的控制方法和管理手段引入到农业的生产设施中,实施有效的温室环境控制,已成为现阶段温室技术的主要研究方向。
本文论述了温室环境的控制原理,介绍了温室的结构和材料,分析了温度、湿度对温室内作物的影响,并在此基础上提出了智能化温室环境控制系统的总体方案,由PC机和多台西门子PLC组成的分布式控制系统,PC机和MCGS组态软件主要完成参数设定、数据处理等任务;而下位机主要完成数据采集、处理等实时控制任务。
本文以智能温室为研究对象,对智能温室的控制算法进行研究。温室环境系统是一类多变量的大惯性非线性系统,且有交连,时滞等现象,很难对这类系统建立精确的数学模型及用经典控制方法实现控制。基于上述情况,本文采用模糊控制算法,选用T—S模型进行模糊推理,并完成了算法的PLc程序实现。随后讨论了基于Profibus—DP的PLC网络组态方法,解决了监控层与过程控制层间的网络通讯和接口问题,并利用MCGS组态软件,根据温室环境系统监控要求设计编写了上位监控软件,实现远程监控、报警记录、曲线显示和用户管理等多项监控功能。文章最后将模糊理论的知识表达与神经网络的自学习能力有机地结合起来,提出了一种模糊神经网络控制方案,并针对温室灌溉系统的控制,在MATLAB中进行了仿真实验,由此验证了模糊神经网络这种控制方法应用于温室自动控制系统的可行性。
整个系统经实际运行表明:具有容错性强、效率高且易扩展,适用性较强等特点,为实现温室环境的更多参数测控系统的研究和设计奠定了技术基础。
Greenhouse technology has become an advanced research field internationally for its advantage making good use of agriculture resource, protecting environment, enhance the output and competition capability of the produce. How to improve the control performance and modernization administration is one of the important tasks that the greenhouse research faces at present. Along with developments of process control technology, communication technology, measurement technology and computer technology, importing advanced control methods and managements to implement efficient greenhouse environment control has become the primary research aspect.
The thesis puts emphasis on the control principle of greenhouse environment system, introduces the structure and material of greenhouse, tells the influence of temperature, humidity in details. Based on these the whole design plan has been offered, the system consists of PC and several Siemens PLC that is a distributed system. PC and configuration software MCGS mainly performs following functions: parameter setting, data processing, etc. The subordinate computer should accomplish all the missions of real-time control on greenhouse environment, such as data gathering, transmitting, etc.
This article takes the intelligent greenhouse as the research object and conducts the research about the intelligent greenhouse control algorithm. The greenhouse environment system is a multivariable big inertial nonlinear system, also has the junction company phenomenon and time lag. It is difficult to establish precise mathematical model and use the classics control method in this system. Based on this kind of situation, the method of fuzzy control is adopted and the T-S fuzzy inference model is proposed, then the realization of PLC program is finished. The method to design the PLC Profibus-DP network configuration is discussed, the problem of communication and interface between monitor layer and process control layer issolved. According to the monitor requirements of greenhouse environment system, the monitoring software was designed using the industry configuration software MCGS, the functions of remote monitoring, alarm record, curve display and user administration are realized greatly. This text finally presents a kind of fuzzy neural network method which combines fuzzy knowledge representation with neural network self-learning ability, for the control of greenhouse irrigation system, I have been going on the simulation by the platform of MATLAB, therefore it has verified that the feasibility of using FNNC.
The whole system which is run actually is proved that it has good capability, high efficiency , easy use and strong adaptability. it is the technology basis of the design and research of testing and controlling system of the greenhouse multi-factor.
本文论述了温室环境的控制原理,介绍了温室的结构和材料,分析了温度、湿度对温室内作物的影响,并在此基础上提出了智能化温室环境控制系统的总体方案,由PC机和多台西门子PLC组成的分布式控制系统,PC机和MCGS组态软件主要完成参数设定、数据处理等任务;而下位机主要完成数据采集、处理等实时控制任务。
本文以智能温室为研究对象,对智能温室的控制算法进行研究。温室环境系统是一类多变量的大惯性非线性系统,且有交连,时滞等现象,很难对这类系统建立精确的数学模型及用经典控制方法实现控制。基于上述情况,本文采用模糊控制算法,选用T—S模型进行模糊推理,并完成了算法的PLc程序实现。随后讨论了基于Profibus—DP的PLC网络组态方法,解决了监控层与过程控制层间的网络通讯和接口问题,并利用MCGS组态软件,根据温室环境系统监控要求设计编写了上位监控软件,实现远程监控、报警记录、曲线显示和用户管理等多项监控功能。文章最后将模糊理论的知识表达与神经网络的自学习能力有机地结合起来,提出了一种模糊神经网络控制方案,并针对温室灌溉系统的控制,在MATLAB中进行了仿真实验,由此验证了模糊神经网络这种控制方法应用于温室自动控制系统的可行性。
整个系统经实际运行表明:具有容错性强、效率高且易扩展,适用性较强等特点,为实现温室环境的更多参数测控系统的研究和设计奠定了技术基础。
Greenhouse technology has become an advanced research field internationally for its advantage making good use of agriculture resource, protecting environment, enhance the output and competition capability of the produce. How to improve the control performance and modernization administration is one of the important tasks that the greenhouse research faces at present. Along with developments of process control technology, communication technology, measurement technology and computer technology, importing advanced control methods and managements to implement efficient greenhouse environment control has become the primary research aspect.
The thesis puts emphasis on the control principle of greenhouse environment system, introduces the structure and material of greenhouse, tells the influence of temperature, humidity in details. Based on these the whole design plan has been offered, the system consists of PC and several Siemens PLC that is a distributed system. PC and configuration software MCGS mainly performs following functions: parameter setting, data processing, etc. The subordinate computer should accomplish all the missions of real-time control on greenhouse environment, such as data gathering, transmitting, etc.
This article takes the intelligent greenhouse as the research object and conducts the research about the intelligent greenhouse control algorithm. The greenhouse environment system is a multivariable big inertial nonlinear system, also has the junction company phenomenon and time lag. It is difficult to establish precise mathematical model and use the classics control method in this system. Based on this kind of situation, the method of fuzzy control is adopted and the T-S fuzzy inference model is proposed, then the realization of PLC program is finished. The method to design the PLC Profibus-DP network configuration is discussed, the problem of communication and interface between monitor layer and process control layer issolved. According to the monitor requirements of greenhouse environment system, the monitoring software was designed using the industry configuration software MCGS, the functions of remote monitoring, alarm record, curve display and user administration are realized greatly. This text finally presents a kind of fuzzy neural network method which combines fuzzy knowledge representation with neural network self-learning ability, for the control of greenhouse irrigation system, I have been going on the simulation by the platform of MATLAB, therefore it has verified that the feasibility of using FNNC.
The whole system which is run actually is proved that it has good capability, high efficiency , easy use and strong adaptability. it is the technology basis of the design and research of testing and controlling system of the greenhouse multi-factor.
引文
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[19] 戴春妮,姚萌.遗传算法在温室控制中的应用[J].广西民族学院学报:自然 科学版. 2004,10(1):58-61.
[20] 张作贵,毛罕平.基于模糊逻辑控制的温室温度控制技术的研究[J]. 农业装备技术,2004,30(4):15-17.
[21] 周长吉,杨振声,冯广和.现代温室工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2003.
[22] www.chinagreenhouse.com
[23] 陈青云,原园芳信,吉本真由美. PO和PVC薄膜温室的光温环境及其与薄膜流滴性的关系[J].农业工程学报,1997(1):130-134.
[24] 孟华,颜翠英,齐树兴.利用PLC设计农业温室控制系统[J]. 河北农业大学学报,2004,27(4):110-112.
[25] 陈红康,王广勇.可编程控制器用于温室综合环境调节[J].山东林业科技,2005(4):17-18.
[26] 殷洪义.可编程序控制器选择设计与维护[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2002.
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[28] 诸静. 模糊控制理论与系统原理[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[29] Harb,A.M.,Smadi,I.A.,An approach to fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems: stability and design issues. International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2005,25(2):106-111
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[2] 何鹏.温室环境控制技术发展与应用[J]. 传感器世界,2002,8(2):8-11.
[3] 王风云,尚明华,封文杰.Argus控制系统在设施农业中的应用[J].山东农业科学,2005(5):63-65.
[4] 赵志全.以色列现代农业发展的启示[J].江苏科技信息,2007(3):33-34.
[5] 汪李平.浅谈荷兰的温室园艺[J].花木盆景:花卉园艺,2005(9):44-45.
[6] 杨其长.荷兰温室环境调控技术进展[J].农业工程技术:温室园艺,2006 (12):8-9.
[7] 洪大起.关于引进国外大型温室设施的探讨[J].农村机械化,1998(4):7-8.
[8] 徐师华.TP-801微型单片机对人工环境的控制系统[J]. 农业工程学报, 1986(2):24-31.
[9] 朱伟兴,毛罕平.智能温室群集散控制系统设计研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 1999,15(4):162-166.
[10] 滕光辉.分布式网络控制技术在温室中的应用[J].温室园艺,2003(11): 24-25.
[11] 李莉,张彦娥等. 现代通信技术在温室中的应用[J]. 农业机械学报, 2007,38(2):195-200.
[12] 左志宇,毛罕平,李俊. 基于Internet温室环境控制系统研究设计[J].农机化研究,2003(4):104-107.
[13] 李迎霞,杜尚丰.中国温室环境智能控制算法研究进展[J]. 农业工程学报,2004,20(2):267-272.
[14] Wang Xueying, Shen Tianfei. Design and implementation of a development platform for the greenhouse control expert system, Control & Automation,2005(3):44-88.
[15] Ding Weilong. Study and implementation of the expert system for greenhouse tomato planting, Proceedings - 3rd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, 2005: 325-329.
[16] Yialouris,C.P.,Passam,H.C.,Sideridis,A.B.,et al,VEGES- A multilingualexpert system for the diagnosis of pest, diseases and nutritional disorders of six greenhouse vegetable, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,1996(19):55-57.
[17] 苏郁.虚拟农业的发展问题研究[J].陕西农业科学,2006(1):101-103.
[18] Seginer I., Some artificial neural network applications to greenhouse environmental control,Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,1997,18(2):167-186.
[19] 戴春妮,姚萌.遗传算法在温室控制中的应用[J].广西民族学院学报:自然 科学版. 2004,10(1):58-61.
[20] 张作贵,毛罕平.基于模糊逻辑控制的温室温度控制技术的研究[J]. 农业装备技术,2004,30(4):15-17.
[21] 周长吉,杨振声,冯广和.现代温室工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2003.
[22] www.chinagreenhouse.com
[23] 陈青云,原园芳信,吉本真由美. PO和PVC薄膜温室的光温环境及其与薄膜流滴性的关系[J].农业工程学报,1997(1):130-134.
[24] 孟华,颜翠英,齐树兴.利用PLC设计农业温室控制系统[J]. 河北农业大学学报,2004,27(4):110-112.
[25] 陈红康,王广勇.可编程控制器用于温室综合环境调节[J].山东林业科技,2005(4):17-18.
[26] 殷洪义.可编程序控制器选择设计与维护[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2002.
[27] 江正战.串行通信接口标准RS-423/422/485及其应用[J].电子技术应用,1994(9):26-29.
[28] 诸静. 模糊控制理论与系统原理[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[29] Harb,A.M.,Smadi,I.A.,An approach to fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems: stability and design issues. International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2005,25(2):106-111
[30] Zadeh L.A. Fuzzy Sets[J].Information and control, 1965(8):338-353.
[31] 章卫国,杨向忠. 模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社, 1999.
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