电子式电流互感器及其与变电站自动化系统接口的研究
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摘要
电流互感器是电力系统中测量电量、电能计量和继电保护的重要设备,其精度及可靠性与电力系统的安全、可靠和经济运行密切相关。随着国民经济的发展,新的供电电压等级不断提高,系统的测量和保护精度要求不断提高,传统电磁式电流互感器暴露出不可克服的缺点,有源光纤电流互感器是集电子技术和光学技术为一体的新型电流互感器,它是电子式电流互感器的一种,其高精度、高可靠性、宽频带等特点已经让它逐渐成为电力行业电磁式电流互感器的替代品。
本文针对目前电力工业对电子式电流互感器的要求,设计出了能可靠工作并且满足国家标准规定的有源光纤电流互感器。本文采用Rogowski线圈作为互感器高压电力线上的传感头,将Rogowski线圈的输出数字化后,通过光纤传送到低压端,然后根据需要可以分别实现测量电流的数字输出和模拟输出。整个系统采用CPLD芯片实现工作电路的时序控制和同步协调,利用光纤实现高压部分和低压部分的完全电气隔离和信号传输。利用DSP芯片的强大功能实现信号的数字积分和数字滤波等功能。
IEC 61850是关于变电站自动化系统的第一个完整的通信标准体系,它使用了面向对象建模技术并具有面向未来的开放的体系结构,它的目标是实现不同厂商生产设备的互操作性。本文讨论了电子式电流互感器是如何基于IEC 61850-9-1实现和间隔层智能电子设备之间的接口和通信的。对于间隔层保护设备的正确动作和测量精度来说,合并单元的同步异常重要。本文设计了一种遵循IEC 61850标准的合并单元实现同步的新方法。
新型电子式电流互感器的应用对变电站自动化系统的构成模式必将产生深远影响。
As important equipment of relay protection and electric energy measure in power system industry,current transducers play a primary role for working well and calculating precisely in power supplying system.Economical and secure operation of power system is closely related with precision and dependability of current transducers.With the development of national economy,the new grade of voltage of power supply is improving constantly, the systematic measurement and precision of protection demand to be improving constantly, the traditional electromagnetic current transducers expose the shortcoming that can't be overcomed, the active optical fiber current transducers is the new-type optical and electronic current transducers which incorporate electronic technology and optical technology into an organic whole, its characteristics, such as high accuracy,high dependability,wide bandwidth ,etc.And it have already become the substitute of the traditional electromagnetic current transducer in power industry gradually.
In order to satisfy the demanding for electric current transducer in moden electric power industry, this issue designed a hybrid fiber current transducer that can work well and at the same time, coincide with the rule of international standard. We use Rogowski coils as the sensor that mounted on high voltage power line. After converting Rogowski coils's analog signal to digital signal, we transmit the digital signal to low voltage part through POF where finish the tasks of measurement. It can realize digital and analogical output respectively according to the requirement.The whole circuit's timing generation and synchronization was realized with CPLD.As the channel of data transmiting, POF can isolate high voltage part and low voltage part efficiently. Throw the powerful function of the DSP chip,it can realize functions such as digital integral and digital filter for the signal
IEC 61850 is the first communication standard targeting system automation among power stations. It adopts Object-Oriented (OO) technology and has an open-end infrastructure to accommodate future developments. Its major objective is to achieve interoperability of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) from different manufactures IEC 61850-9-1 defines the communication service between the electrical transducer's MU (Merging Unit)and IEDs served in the bay level.Synchronization of MU is critical to guarantee accuracy and correction action of relays. This paper discusses a new method to sync data among MUs followed by IEC 61850.
Application of active optical fiber transducers must be causing fundamental changes of the substation automation model.
本文针对目前电力工业对电子式电流互感器的要求,设计出了能可靠工作并且满足国家标准规定的有源光纤电流互感器。本文采用Rogowski线圈作为互感器高压电力线上的传感头,将Rogowski线圈的输出数字化后,通过光纤传送到低压端,然后根据需要可以分别实现测量电流的数字输出和模拟输出。整个系统采用CPLD芯片实现工作电路的时序控制和同步协调,利用光纤实现高压部分和低压部分的完全电气隔离和信号传输。利用DSP芯片的强大功能实现信号的数字积分和数字滤波等功能。
IEC 61850是关于变电站自动化系统的第一个完整的通信标准体系,它使用了面向对象建模技术并具有面向未来的开放的体系结构,它的目标是实现不同厂商生产设备的互操作性。本文讨论了电子式电流互感器是如何基于IEC 61850-9-1实现和间隔层智能电子设备之间的接口和通信的。对于间隔层保护设备的正确动作和测量精度来说,合并单元的同步异常重要。本文设计了一种遵循IEC 61850标准的合并单元实现同步的新方法。
新型电子式电流互感器的应用对变电站自动化系统的构成模式必将产生深远影响。
As important equipment of relay protection and electric energy measure in power system industry,current transducers play a primary role for working well and calculating precisely in power supplying system.Economical and secure operation of power system is closely related with precision and dependability of current transducers.With the development of national economy,the new grade of voltage of power supply is improving constantly, the systematic measurement and precision of protection demand to be improving constantly, the traditional electromagnetic current transducers expose the shortcoming that can't be overcomed, the active optical fiber current transducers is the new-type optical and electronic current transducers which incorporate electronic technology and optical technology into an organic whole, its characteristics, such as high accuracy,high dependability,wide bandwidth ,etc.And it have already become the substitute of the traditional electromagnetic current transducer in power industry gradually.
In order to satisfy the demanding for electric current transducer in moden electric power industry, this issue designed a hybrid fiber current transducer that can work well and at the same time, coincide with the rule of international standard. We use Rogowski coils as the sensor that mounted on high voltage power line. After converting Rogowski coils's analog signal to digital signal, we transmit the digital signal to low voltage part through POF where finish the tasks of measurement. It can realize digital and analogical output respectively according to the requirement.The whole circuit's timing generation and synchronization was realized with CPLD.As the channel of data transmiting, POF can isolate high voltage part and low voltage part efficiently. Throw the powerful function of the DSP chip,it can realize functions such as digital integral and digital filter for the signal
IEC 61850 is the first communication standard targeting system automation among power stations. It adopts Object-Oriented (OO) technology and has an open-end infrastructure to accommodate future developments. Its major objective is to achieve interoperability of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) from different manufactures IEC 61850-9-1 defines the communication service between the electrical transducer's MU (Merging Unit)and IEDs served in the bay level.Synchronization of MU is critical to guarantee accuracy and correction action of relays. This paper discusses a new method to sync data among MUs followed by IEC 61850.
Application of active optical fiber transducers must be causing fundamental changes of the substation automation model.
引文
[1] 曾庆禹. 电力系统数字光电量测系统的原理及技术. 电网技术, 2001, 25(3): 1~5
[2] 刘哗, 苏彦民, 王采堂. 光纤(光学)电流传感器的现状及发展. 应用光学, 1998, 19: 22~24
[3] 罗苏南, 叶妙元. 电子式互感器的研究进展. 江苏电机工程, 2003, 22(3): 51~54
[4] 乔峨, 安作平, 罗承沐等. 光电式电流互感器的开发与应用--21世纪互感器技术展望, 变压器, 2000(2): 40~43
[5] Tingyu Wang, Chengmu Luo, and Shengxuan Zheng. A Fiber-Optic Current Sensor Basedon a Diferentiating Sagnac Interferometer. IEEE Trans.Instrum.Meas. 1996, 50(3) : 705~708
[6] 王少奎. 电子式电流互感器的发展现状及研制难点. 变压器, 2003, 40(5): 20~25
[7] 张永, 罗苏南. 数字式光电电流/电压互感器. 电力自动化设备, 2000, 22(6): 47~49
[8] 【苏】13.13.阿法纳西耶夫等编. 陆安业, 肖耀荣等译. 电流互感器. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1989
[9] 陈乔夫, 李湘生. 互感器电抗器的理论与计算, 武汉华中理工大学出版社, 1992
[10] 王立舒, 戚国强. 电磁式电流互感器误差特性的分析, 农机化研究, 2002,8: 8~12
[11] 刘丰. 混合式光纤电流互感器的设计. 燕山大学, 2003: 8~12
[12] 金涌涛. 电子式电流互感器的设计. 武汉大学, 2004: 7~9
[13] 乔峨, 安作平, 罗承沐. 应用在混合式光纤电流互感其中的Rogowski线圈. 变压器, 2002(5): 18~21
[14] 乔卉, 刘会金, 王群峰等. 基于Rogowski线圈传感的光电电流互感器的研究. 继电器, 2002(7): 40~43
[15] Xu Yan, Zhun Minjun, Guo Xiaohua etc. Study on the Air-core coil Current Transformer for Protective Relay. Dian liXitong Zi donghua/Automation of ElectricPower Systems, 2002, 26(8):52~55
[16] Lou Chengmu, Gao Ying, Gui Hao etc. Study of Rogowski coils and their CAD. Journal of Tsinghua University, 1995, 35(8):22~28
[17] D'AntonaG, Carminati E. Lazzaroni MAC current measurements via digital processing of Rogowski coils signal. IEEE, Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2002, (1): 693~698
[18] Ramboz John D, Destefan Dennis E, Stant Robert S. The verification of Rogowski coill in earity from 200A to greatert han 100kA using ratio methods. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2002, 1: 687~692
[19] 李芙英, 陈永亭. 应用于光电式电流互感器的悬浮式电源的设计. 继电器, 1999, 1: 40~42
[20] 潘向东, 史锦珊. 光推动光电混合式电流互感器的研究. 东北重型机械学院学报, 1997, 21(4): 333~335
[21] 王玉田, 郑龙江, 王莉田等. 光纤传输光推动技术的研究开发与进展. 燕山大学学报, 1998, 22 (1): 36~39
[22] Wang Yutian, Wang Litian, Shi Anshan. A new optically power edultra voltage current transformer. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998, 35: 13~17
[23] 徐华清, 张培铭, 张泳. 太阳能光纤电流传感系统. 传感器技术, 1998, 17(5): 16~18
[24] E .F .Donaldson, J. R .Gibson, G .R .Jones, N .A .Pilling and B .T .Taylor.Hybrid optical current transformer with optical and power-line energisation. IEEE Proc-Genet Transm. Distrib. 2000, 147(5): 26~30
[25] 曾繁泰, 陈美金. VHDL程序设计. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2000
[26] 蒋漩, 藏春华. 数字系统设计与PLD应用技术. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2001
[27] S.Pluta, F.Szczot, M.Madej, S.Zator. Fiber-Optic Links for a Measurement and Control System at a HV Laboratory. SPIE, Optical Fiber and Their Applications, 1989, 1085: 534~543
[28] 丁全响, 周有庆, 吴桂清. 混合式光电电流互感器数据采集系统的研究. 电力科学与工程, 2006, 1: 34~40
[29] 史锦珊, 郑绳植. 光电子学及其应用北京: 机械工业出版社, 1991
[30] DC to IOM Versatile Link with Plastic Optical Fiber or Hard Clad Silica Fiber for Factory Automation and Industrial Control Application. HEWLETT PACKARD Isolation and Control Components Designers Catalog. 1996, 3: 184~200
[31] D’Antona G, Lazzaroni M, Ottoboni R, et al. AC current-to-voltage transducer based on digital processing of Rogowski coils signal[C]. Sensors for Industry Conference, 2002. 2nd ISA/IEEE, Houston, Texas USA, 2002, 19: 72~77
[32] Niewezas P, Cruden A, Michie W C, et. Error analysis of an optical current transducer operating with a digital signal processing system[J]. IEEE Transactiongs on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2000, 49(6): 1254~1259
[33] 孙宗瀛, 谢鸿琳. TMS320VC5XDSP原理设计与应用[M] 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2002
[34] 王念旭. DSP 基础与应用系统设计[M] 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001
[35] 张雄伟, 陈亮, 徐光辉.DSP 集成开发与应用实例[M] 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002
[36] 陈钢杰. 基于IEC 61850有源光纤电流互感器的研究与实现. 华北电力大学(北京), 2003
[37] Pinchon D. Siohan P. “Analysis, Design, and implementation of two-channel linear2phase filter banks:a new approach”. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1998, 7: 1814~1826
[38] 丁玉美, 高西全. 数字信号处理[M], 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社
[39] 张涛, 蒋静坪, 张项安. MATLAB与窗函数法结合设计FIR数字滤波器的研究 [J]. 华北科技学院学报, 2005, 4(2): 83~87
[40] MAX542, PDF. www.21ic.com
[41] 唐华光. 电子技术基础. 高等教育出版社. 1987
[42] 全国电力系统控制及其通信标准化技术委员会, IEC61850变电站通信网络和系统系列标准译文汇编(上), 2002, 11
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[45] Skeie, T.Johannessen, S.Brunner. Ethemet in substation automation, Control Systems Magazine, IEEE: 67~69
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[48] International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 61850-9-1, 2003
[49] International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 61850-9-2, 2003
[50] IEC 60044-7/8, Electrical Voltage/Current Transducers, 2002
[51] Communication Networks and Systems in Substations. IEC 61850-9-1 FDIS,2003
[52] 谭文恕. 电力系统无缝通信系统体系, 电力系统自动化设备, 2001, 11: 1~5
[53] 任雁铭、秦立军、杨奇逊. IEC61850通信协议体系介绍和分析, 电力系统自动化 2000, 4: 62~64
[54] 全国电力系统控制及其通信标准化技术委员会, 系列标准译文汇编(上),2002, 11
[55] Brunner C, Ostermmeier A.Serial Communication Between Process and Protection Systems for Novel Sensors.Paris, CIGRE, 2000
[56] Communication Networks and Systems in Substations. IEC 61850-5 FDIS, 2003
[57] International Electro technical Commission, IEC 60044-8(Drafr),2002
[58] International Electro technical Commission, IEC 60044-7, 1999
[2] 刘哗, 苏彦民, 王采堂. 光纤(光学)电流传感器的现状及发展. 应用光学, 1998, 19: 22~24
[3] 罗苏南, 叶妙元. 电子式互感器的研究进展. 江苏电机工程, 2003, 22(3): 51~54
[4] 乔峨, 安作平, 罗承沐等. 光电式电流互感器的开发与应用--21世纪互感器技术展望, 变压器, 2000(2): 40~43
[5] Tingyu Wang, Chengmu Luo, and Shengxuan Zheng. A Fiber-Optic Current Sensor Basedon a Diferentiating Sagnac Interferometer. IEEE Trans.Instrum.Meas. 1996, 50(3) : 705~708
[6] 王少奎. 电子式电流互感器的发展现状及研制难点. 变压器, 2003, 40(5): 20~25
[7] 张永, 罗苏南. 数字式光电电流/电压互感器. 电力自动化设备, 2000, 22(6): 47~49
[8] 【苏】13.13.阿法纳西耶夫等编. 陆安业, 肖耀荣等译. 电流互感器. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1989
[9] 陈乔夫, 李湘生. 互感器电抗器的理论与计算, 武汉华中理工大学出版社, 1992
[10] 王立舒, 戚国强. 电磁式电流互感器误差特性的分析, 农机化研究, 2002,8: 8~12
[11] 刘丰. 混合式光纤电流互感器的设计. 燕山大学, 2003: 8~12
[12] 金涌涛. 电子式电流互感器的设计. 武汉大学, 2004: 7~9
[13] 乔峨, 安作平, 罗承沐. 应用在混合式光纤电流互感其中的Rogowski线圈. 变压器, 2002(5): 18~21
[14] 乔卉, 刘会金, 王群峰等. 基于Rogowski线圈传感的光电电流互感器的研究. 继电器, 2002(7): 40~43
[15] Xu Yan, Zhun Minjun, Guo Xiaohua etc. Study on the Air-core coil Current Transformer for Protective Relay. Dian liXitong Zi donghua/Automation of ElectricPower Systems, 2002, 26(8):52~55
[16] Lou Chengmu, Gao Ying, Gui Hao etc. Study of Rogowski coils and their CAD. Journal of Tsinghua University, 1995, 35(8):22~28
[17] D'AntonaG, Carminati E. Lazzaroni MAC current measurements via digital processing of Rogowski coils signal. IEEE, Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2002, (1): 693~698
[18] Ramboz John D, Destefan Dennis E, Stant Robert S. The verification of Rogowski coill in earity from 200A to greatert han 100kA using ratio methods. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2002, 1: 687~692
[19] 李芙英, 陈永亭. 应用于光电式电流互感器的悬浮式电源的设计. 继电器, 1999, 1: 40~42
[20] 潘向东, 史锦珊. 光推动光电混合式电流互感器的研究. 东北重型机械学院学报, 1997, 21(4): 333~335
[21] 王玉田, 郑龙江, 王莉田等. 光纤传输光推动技术的研究开发与进展. 燕山大学学报, 1998, 22 (1): 36~39
[22] Wang Yutian, Wang Litian, Shi Anshan. A new optically power edultra voltage current transformer. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998, 35: 13~17
[23] 徐华清, 张培铭, 张泳. 太阳能光纤电流传感系统. 传感器技术, 1998, 17(5): 16~18
[24] E .F .Donaldson, J. R .Gibson, G .R .Jones, N .A .Pilling and B .T .Taylor.Hybrid optical current transformer with optical and power-line energisation. IEEE Proc-Genet Transm. Distrib. 2000, 147(5): 26~30
[25] 曾繁泰, 陈美金. VHDL程序设计. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2000
[26] 蒋漩, 藏春华. 数字系统设计与PLD应用技术. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2001
[27] S.Pluta, F.Szczot, M.Madej, S.Zator. Fiber-Optic Links for a Measurement and Control System at a HV Laboratory. SPIE, Optical Fiber and Their Applications, 1989, 1085: 534~543
[28] 丁全响, 周有庆, 吴桂清. 混合式光电电流互感器数据采集系统的研究. 电力科学与工程, 2006, 1: 34~40
[29] 史锦珊, 郑绳植. 光电子学及其应用北京: 机械工业出版社, 1991
[30] DC to IOM Versatile Link with Plastic Optical Fiber or Hard Clad Silica Fiber for Factory Automation and Industrial Control Application. HEWLETT PACKARD Isolation and Control Components Designers Catalog. 1996, 3: 184~200
[31] D’Antona G, Lazzaroni M, Ottoboni R, et al. AC current-to-voltage transducer based on digital processing of Rogowski coils signal[C]. Sensors for Industry Conference, 2002. 2nd ISA/IEEE, Houston, Texas USA, 2002, 19: 72~77
[32] Niewezas P, Cruden A, Michie W C, et. Error analysis of an optical current transducer operating with a digital signal processing system[J]. IEEE Transactiongs on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2000, 49(6): 1254~1259
[33] 孙宗瀛, 谢鸿琳. TMS320VC5XDSP原理设计与应用[M] 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2002
[34] 王念旭. DSP 基础与应用系统设计[M] 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001
[35] 张雄伟, 陈亮, 徐光辉.DSP 集成开发与应用实例[M] 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002
[36] 陈钢杰. 基于IEC 61850有源光纤电流互感器的研究与实现. 华北电力大学(北京), 2003
[37] Pinchon D. Siohan P. “Analysis, Design, and implementation of two-channel linear2phase filter banks:a new approach”. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1998, 7: 1814~1826
[38] 丁玉美, 高西全. 数字信号处理[M], 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社
[39] 张涛, 蒋静坪, 张项安. MATLAB与窗函数法结合设计FIR数字滤波器的研究 [J]. 华北科技学院学报, 2005, 4(2): 83~87
[40] MAX542, PDF. www.21ic.com
[41] 唐华光. 电子技术基础. 高等教育出版社. 1987
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