基于GIS的高速公路岩溶路基病害危险性评价研究
摘要
目前,GIS技术已经广泛运用到各种地质灾害评估中,但多数是区域上的,对于高速公路建设用地的大比例尺地质灾害危险性评价还很少,且以定性评价为主,鉴于此,本论文结合广西水(任)—南(宁)高速公路№4合同段实际情况,讨论了将GIS运用于高速公路建设用地岩溶路基病害危险性评价的理论和方法。文中的岩溶路基病害有两重含义,一是由于岩溶的存在而产生的公路路基变形、破坏和失稳,二是对公路路基稳定性有重要影响的各种岩溶形态。
本论文主要包括以下内容:
1.公路沿线岩溶路基病害基础数据库的构建
2.公路沿线岩溶病害的类型、危害、发育特征、空间分布特征及形成机制通过野外地质调查及资料收集,统计公路沿线岩溶病害的类型及数量,然后运用GIS为工具揭示岩溶病害的发育、分布特征及其形成机制。结果表明:
①岩溶病害强发育路段为:GK203+621～K205+104,主要病害类型是溶沟、漏斗、落水洞及溶洞;K208+943～K209+769,主要病害类型是溶沟、淤泥、漏斗、落水洞及溶洞。
②空间分布上,这条高速公路沿线的岩溶病害的分布是非常聚集的。50%的病害点距它们最邻近的病害点不到85m,80%的病害点距它们最邻近病害点不到200m,90%的病害点距它们最邻近病害点不到300m。
③这条高速公路沿线的岩溶病害基本上都是自然成因的:所处位置在地貌上为岩溶强发育的峰丛谷地,上覆土层厚度0～20米,地下河非常发育,雨季、旱季地下水位变化较大以及存在一条横穿公路的正断层。地下河是控制此段公路沿线岩溶病害发育的主导因素,正断层是第二主导因素。
3.基于GIS的高速公路沿线岩溶路基病害危险性评价
首先,运用层次分析法,确定影响路基稳定性的岩溶病害及其影响因素的权重,建立岩溶路基病害危险性评价模型,然后,在定性分析的基础上,运用以GIS为主要方法的计算机技术初步实现模型化、定量化对整个评价区进行岩溶路基病害危险性评价。评价结果表明:本段公路岩溶路基病害极高危险区段为GK203+802～K204+962,K205+870～K205+998和K209+110～K209+624,长1.909km,占总长的15.1%,高危险区段1.784km,占总长的14.1%,中等危险区段2.498km,占总长的19.8%,低危险区段6.456km,占总长的51.0%。评价将结果量化,定量地实现危险性评价,优于以往定性地评价。
At present, GIS has been widely applied to the risk assessment of all kinds of geologic hazards, but most of them are regional. It is still few that GIS used to assess the risk of geological hazards of large-scale land for lifeline such as highway construction. For this reason, the paper discussed the theories and approaches of risk assessment of karst subgrade diseases in land for highway construction using GIS, taking the No. 4 section of Shuiren-Nanning Highway for example. In this thesis, karst subgrade diseases have two meanings: one is the deformation, destroy and failure of the subgrade caused by karst process, another is the karst features that have bad effect to the stability of the subgrade.
The contents of the thesis include:
1. The construction of database of karst subgrade diseases in Shui-Nan Highway
2. The types, endangers, development and spatial distribution characteristics, and triggering mechanisms of the karst diseases along the highway
Types and numbers of the karst diseases have been analyzed through field survey and history data obtained, and then the development characteristics and triggering mechanisms have been shown using GIS. The results show:
①The most developed section of karst diseases is GK203+621～K205+104 with the type karren, doline, sinkhole and cave, and K208+943～K209+769 with the type karren, sludge, sinkhole and cave.
②The distribution of the karst diseases is very clustered. 50% of the disease points are less than 90m away from their nearest neighbors, 80% less than 202m and 90% less than 300m.
③The karst subgrade diseases are almost nature formation: the location is karst valley with karst well-developed in land form, the depth of the overburden soil is 0~20m, subterranean streams are well-developed, variation of underground water table is larger and a normal fault across the highway exists. Subterranean stream is the first factor controlling the development of the karst diseases along the highway and normal fault is the second.
3. Risk assessment of the karst subgrade diseases along highway using GIS
Firstly, deciding the weights of the karst diseases and their affecting factors using the AHP and building the risk assessment model of karst subgrade diseases, then assessing the risk of the diseases quantitatively using GIS. The results of assessment show that GK203+802～K204+962 , K205+870～K205+998 and K209+110～K209+624 are very high risk which is 1.909km, about 15.1% of the total length. High risk is 1.784km, about 14.1%. Moderate risk is 2.496km, about 19.8%. Low risk is 6.456km, about 51.0%. Risk assessment has been carried out quantitatively, which is prior to qualitative assessment.
本论文主要包括以下内容:
1.公路沿线岩溶路基病害基础数据库的构建
2.公路沿线岩溶病害的类型、危害、发育特征、空间分布特征及形成机制通过野外地质调查及资料收集,统计公路沿线岩溶病害的类型及数量,然后运用GIS为工具揭示岩溶病害的发育、分布特征及其形成机制。结果表明:
①岩溶病害强发育路段为:GK203+621～K205+104,主要病害类型是溶沟、漏斗、落水洞及溶洞;K208+943～K209+769,主要病害类型是溶沟、淤泥、漏斗、落水洞及溶洞。
②空间分布上,这条高速公路沿线的岩溶病害的分布是非常聚集的。50%的病害点距它们最邻近的病害点不到85m,80%的病害点距它们最邻近病害点不到200m,90%的病害点距它们最邻近病害点不到300m。
③这条高速公路沿线的岩溶病害基本上都是自然成因的:所处位置在地貌上为岩溶强发育的峰丛谷地,上覆土层厚度0～20米,地下河非常发育,雨季、旱季地下水位变化较大以及存在一条横穿公路的正断层。地下河是控制此段公路沿线岩溶病害发育的主导因素,正断层是第二主导因素。
3.基于GIS的高速公路沿线岩溶路基病害危险性评价
首先,运用层次分析法,确定影响路基稳定性的岩溶病害及其影响因素的权重,建立岩溶路基病害危险性评价模型,然后,在定性分析的基础上,运用以GIS为主要方法的计算机技术初步实现模型化、定量化对整个评价区进行岩溶路基病害危险性评价。评价结果表明:本段公路岩溶路基病害极高危险区段为GK203+802～K204+962,K205+870～K205+998和K209+110～K209+624,长1.909km,占总长的15.1%,高危险区段1.784km,占总长的14.1%,中等危险区段2.498km,占总长的19.8%,低危险区段6.456km,占总长的51.0%。评价将结果量化,定量地实现危险性评价,优于以往定性地评价。
At present, GIS has been widely applied to the risk assessment of all kinds of geologic hazards, but most of them are regional. It is still few that GIS used to assess the risk of geological hazards of large-scale land for lifeline such as highway construction. For this reason, the paper discussed the theories and approaches of risk assessment of karst subgrade diseases in land for highway construction using GIS, taking the No. 4 section of Shuiren-Nanning Highway for example. In this thesis, karst subgrade diseases have two meanings: one is the deformation, destroy and failure of the subgrade caused by karst process, another is the karst features that have bad effect to the stability of the subgrade.
The contents of the thesis include:
1. The construction of database of karst subgrade diseases in Shui-Nan Highway
2. The types, endangers, development and spatial distribution characteristics, and triggering mechanisms of the karst diseases along the highway
Types and numbers of the karst diseases have been analyzed through field survey and history data obtained, and then the development characteristics and triggering mechanisms have been shown using GIS. The results show:
①The most developed section of karst diseases is GK203+621～K205+104 with the type karren, doline, sinkhole and cave, and K208+943～K209+769 with the type karren, sludge, sinkhole and cave.
②The distribution of the karst diseases is very clustered. 50% of the disease points are less than 90m away from their nearest neighbors, 80% less than 202m and 90% less than 300m.
③The karst subgrade diseases are almost nature formation: the location is karst valley with karst well-developed in land form, the depth of the overburden soil is 0~20m, subterranean streams are well-developed, variation of underground water table is larger and a normal fault across the highway exists. Subterranean stream is the first factor controlling the development of the karst diseases along the highway and normal fault is the second.
3. Risk assessment of the karst subgrade diseases along highway using GIS
Firstly, deciding the weights of the karst diseases and their affecting factors using the AHP and building the risk assessment model of karst subgrade diseases, then assessing the risk of the diseases quantitatively using GIS. The results of assessment show that GK203+802～K204+962 , K205+870～K205+998 and K209+110～K209+624 are very high risk which is 1.909km, about 15.1% of the total length. High risk is 1.784km, about 14.1%. Moderate risk is 2.496km, about 19.8%. Low risk is 6.456km, about 51.0%. Risk assessment has been carried out quantitatively, which is prior to qualitative assessment.
引文
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[2] 常聚友 黎湛铁路 K148 岩溶路基下沉的原因分析和对策[J] 路基工程 No.4 1999
[3] 常允新,宋长斌等 山东省崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害发育现状与趋势分析[J] 山东地质 Vol.16No.4 2000.12
[4] 陈君 公路建设用地地质灾害危险性评估实践与认识——以湖北襄-十高速公路襄武段为例[J] 中国地质灾害与防治学报 Vol.12,No.1 2001.3
[5] 陈明晓 岩溶覆盖层塌陷的原因分析及其半定量预测[J] 岩石力学与工程学报 Vol.21,No.2 2002.2
[6] 段海澎 芜宣高速公路地面塌陷成因分析及地基处理[J] 西部探矿工程 No.2 2003
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