我国城市增长管理问题研究
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摘要
伴随着城市的快速发展,我国城市问题也愈发严重,迫切需要对城市发展进行合理的引导。城市增长管理概念起源于国外,它对克服城市开发建设导致的城市蔓延等“城市病”问题具有显著的成效,并形成了形式多样、行之有效的政策工具。因此,借鉴国外城市增长管理经验方法,解决我国城市发展过程中的种种问题,引导城市精明增长十分必要。但是由于中西方政治、经济上的不同,国外城市增长管理的方法不可能直接指导我们的城市建设和管理,只有从我国所处的发展阶段和现状为依托,探讨符合我国国情的城市增长管理问题。当前我国城市人口接近7亿,预计到2030年将有10亿人口居住在城市,这就意味着对城市更多的资源利用及更大的环境影响,城市在增长中的土地浪费、能源短缺、住房紧张等问题会更为严重。我国政府在“十二五”时期规划最突出的亮点是把加快经济发展方式转变作为主线,我国已经进入只有加快经济发展方式转变才能实现可持续发展的关键时期。城市加快经济发展方式转变,就要加强创新、大力发展现代服务业和新兴产业、不断优化城市空间结构、建设低碳城市节约资源、保护环境。城市作为经济的中心,应该在加快经济发展方式转变中做好示范作用。加快经济发展方式转变是我国进行城市增长管理的理论依据,我国城市增长管理、引导城市精明增长是加快经济发展方式转变目标实现的必要条件。因此从加快经济发展方式转变的视角讨论我国城市增长管理问题,借鉴城市增长管理的原则和方法,提出符合我国加快经济发展方式转变时期的城市问题对策,具有很强的现实指导意义。
本文介绍了城市增长管理的相关理念和政策工具,如城市增长边界、城市服务边界、公交导向型开发等,介绍了现阶段我国加快经济发展方式转变的含义和主要内容,讨论了基于经济发展方式转变的我国城市增长管理的现实意义。指出我国在快速城市化进程中城市凸显的问题：城市蔓延用地紧张、交通拥堵、公共交通出行比率低、城市基础设施重复建设和浪费问题严重,这些都不利于我国资源节约型、环境友好型社会的建设。借鉴国外城市增长管理经验,提出基于加快经济发展方式转变的我国城市增长管理对策,从城市增长理念、城市空间增长管理、低碳城市建设等角度探讨我国城市的增长管理,促进我国城市经济社会的可持续发展。
With the rapid development of the urban, urban problem has become more and more serious, the urgent need for a reasonable guide to the development of the city. Urban growth management concept originated in foreign countries, sit has significant effect on the development and construction of the city to overcome the spread of "urban diseases" problem, and the formation of diverse forms、effective policy tool. Therefore, learn from foreign experience city growth management method, to solve all kinds of problems in the city development of our country, it is necessary to guide the urban smart growth. But because of different political and economic, method of foreign urban growth management could not directly guide the urban construction and management of our stage of development, only from China and status as the basis, to meet the conditions of our country urban growth management problem. The current our country urban population of nearly7hundred million, is expected by2030there will be10hundred million people living in the urban, which means that the urban more resources use and greater environmental impact, waste of land resources、 energy shortage, housing shortage will more serious. The Chinese government in the "Twelfth Five-Year" period planning highlights the most prominent is the way of speeding up economic development as the mainline, China has entered the crucial period can only accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development to achieve sustainable development. Urban to speed up the transformation of the mode of economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the innovation, vigorously develop modern service and new industries, and optimize the construction of spatial structure of city, low carbon urban to save resources, protect environment. Urban as the economic center, should be good demonstration role in accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. To speed up the economic development mode is our theoretical basis of urban growth management, and guide our country city growth management, rban smart growth is a necessary condition for accelerating the transformation of economic development mode to realize the goal of. So the shift from the way of speeding up economic development perspective, discusses our country city growth management problems, from the principle and method of urban growth management, put forward in line with the Countermeasures of urban problems during the transformation of China economic development, has the very strong practical significance.
This paper introduces the related concepts and policy tools of urban growth management, such as urban growth boundary, urban service boundary, transit oriented development, introduced to speed up the transformation of economic development mode of the meaning and the main content of our country at the present stage, discusses the significance of the mode of economic development based on the change in our country urban growth management. Pointed out that the problem of our country urban highlights in the rapid city modernization, urban spread land shortage, traffic congestion, public transportation rate is low, the urban infrastructure construction, a waste of serious problems, these are not conducive to the establishment of our country resource saving, environment friendly society. Foreign urban growth management experience, proposed accelerating the transformation of economic development mode in our country based on urban growth management strategy, management of growth in China from the angle of urban growth idea, urban space, growth management、low carbon urban construction and promote the sustainable development of urban economy and society in china.
本文介绍了城市增长管理的相关理念和政策工具,如城市增长边界、城市服务边界、公交导向型开发等,介绍了现阶段我国加快经济发展方式转变的含义和主要内容,讨论了基于经济发展方式转变的我国城市增长管理的现实意义。指出我国在快速城市化进程中城市凸显的问题：城市蔓延用地紧张、交通拥堵、公共交通出行比率低、城市基础设施重复建设和浪费问题严重,这些都不利于我国资源节约型、环境友好型社会的建设。借鉴国外城市增长管理经验,提出基于加快经济发展方式转变的我国城市增长管理对策,从城市增长理念、城市空间增长管理、低碳城市建设等角度探讨我国城市的增长管理,促进我国城市经济社会的可持续发展。
With the rapid development of the urban, urban problem has become more and more serious, the urgent need for a reasonable guide to the development of the city. Urban growth management concept originated in foreign countries, sit has significant effect on the development and construction of the city to overcome the spread of "urban diseases" problem, and the formation of diverse forms、effective policy tool. Therefore, learn from foreign experience city growth management method, to solve all kinds of problems in the city development of our country, it is necessary to guide the urban smart growth. But because of different political and economic, method of foreign urban growth management could not directly guide the urban construction and management of our stage of development, only from China and status as the basis, to meet the conditions of our country urban growth management problem. The current our country urban population of nearly7hundred million, is expected by2030there will be10hundred million people living in the urban, which means that the urban more resources use and greater environmental impact, waste of land resources、 energy shortage, housing shortage will more serious. The Chinese government in the "Twelfth Five-Year" period planning highlights the most prominent is the way of speeding up economic development as the mainline, China has entered the crucial period can only accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development to achieve sustainable development. Urban to speed up the transformation of the mode of economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the innovation, vigorously develop modern service and new industries, and optimize the construction of spatial structure of city, low carbon urban to save resources, protect environment. Urban as the economic center, should be good demonstration role in accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. To speed up the economic development mode is our theoretical basis of urban growth management, and guide our country city growth management, rban smart growth is a necessary condition for accelerating the transformation of economic development mode to realize the goal of. So the shift from the way of speeding up economic development perspective, discusses our country city growth management problems, from the principle and method of urban growth management, put forward in line with the Countermeasures of urban problems during the transformation of China economic development, has the very strong practical significance.
This paper introduces the related concepts and policy tools of urban growth management, such as urban growth boundary, urban service boundary, transit oriented development, introduced to speed up the transformation of economic development mode of the meaning and the main content of our country at the present stage, discusses the significance of the mode of economic development based on the change in our country urban growth management. Pointed out that the problem of our country urban highlights in the rapid city modernization, urban spread land shortage, traffic congestion, public transportation rate is low, the urban infrastructure construction, a waste of serious problems, these are not conducive to the establishment of our country resource saving, environment friendly society. Foreign urban growth management experience, proposed accelerating the transformation of economic development mode in our country based on urban growth management strategy, management of growth in China from the angle of urban growth idea, urban space, growth management、low carbon urban construction and promote the sustainable development of urban economy and society in china.
引文
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[2]Porter, Douglas R.1997. Managing Growth in America's Communities. Washington:Island Press.
[3]Fonder, Eben.1999. Better Not Bigger:How to Take Control of Urban Growth and Improve Your Community. Vancouver:New Society Publishers.
[4]Bollens, Scott A.1992. State Growth Management:Intergovernmental Frameworks and Policy Objectives. Journal of American Planning Association,58,4:454-66.
[5]Alain Cunningham, City of summerside official plan 1988.
[6]DOWNS A.How America's cities are growing:the big picture[J].Brookins Review,1988, 16(4):8-12
[7]PATRICIA E.Norris.An overview of growth management tools and programs from across the U.S
[8]Doyle. D. G著,陈贞译.美国的密集化和中产阶级化发展——“精明增长”纲领与旧城倡议者的结合.国外城市规划,2002(3)：2-9.
[9]LEE S.Metropolitan growth patterns'impact on intra-regional spatial differentiation and inner-ring suburban decline:insights for smart growth[D].A Dissertation of Georgia of Technolo-gy,2005.
[10]黄泰岩.转变经济发展方式的内涵与实现机制[J].求是杂志,2007,(18)：6-8
[11]张蕴萍.转变经济发展方式的理论探索与现实对策[J].山东社会科学.2009,(11)：119-121.
[12]陈为邦.加快转变经济发展方式和城市发展[J].现代城市,2011,(4)：3-7.
[13]王有捐,林为斌.经济发展方式转变与绿色增长[J].经济研究参考,2011,(1)：：3-12.
[14]张京祥,刘荣增.美国大都市区的发展及管理[J].国外城市规划,2001,(5)：6-9.
[15]张进.美国的城市增长管理[J].规划研究,2002,(2)：37-40.
[16]尹奇,吴次芳.理性增长---美国城市增长的新理念[J].中国矿业大学学报(社科版),2005,(3)：73-76.
[17]庄悦群.美国城市增长管理实践及其对广州城市建设的启示[J].探求,2005,(2)：62-67.
[18]蒋芳,刘盛和,袁弘.城市增长管理的政策工具及其效果评价[J].城市规划学刊,2007,(1)：33-38.
[19]皇甫明,张京祥,陆枭麟.增长管理概念的发展及在中国的运用---兼论当前中国增长管理体系构成[J].城市规划和科学发展——2009中国城市规划年会论文集154-161.
[20]张英杰.城市增长管理理论对大连城市化的启示[J].经济论坛,2011,(5)：78-80.
[21]王一鸣.加快转变经济发展方式关系现代化建设全局[J].经济研究,2011,(10)：16-19.
[22]万一鸣.我国中长期经济趋势与加快转变经济发展方式[J].宏观经济研究,2010,(12)：3-14.
[23]金晓云,冯科.城市理性增长研究综述[J].城市问题.2008,(2)：84-89.
[24]丁文静.新城市主义的人本理念及其在中国的应用[J].城市问题,2006,(3)：89-93.
[25]诸大建,刘冬华.管理城市成长：精明增长理论及对中国的启示[J].同济大学学报.2006,(4)：22-27.
[26]刘冬华,诸大建.面对土地低消耗的城市精明增长研究[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(4)：：38-43.
[27]吴冬青,冯长春,党宁.美国城市增长管理的方法与启示[J].城市问题,2007,(5)：86-91.
[28]刘荣增.加快经济发展方式转变与城市增长管理协动研究[J].城市发展研究.2011,(2)：77-82.
[29]谢涤湘,邓雅雯.快速城市化背景下的土地问题评述[J].城市问题,2012,(4)：89-94
[30]段兆广.中国城市蔓延的现状与控制对策研究[J].城市,2006,(1)：59-61
[31]孙丽梅.构建我国城市土地精明增长利用机制探析[D].[硕士学位论文].厦门：厦门大学,2006.5.
[32]仇保兴.应对机遇与挑战---中国城镇化战略研究主要问题与对策[M].第二版.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[33]曹敏晖.城市交通存在的问题及对策分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(社科版),2009,(1)：12-15.
[34]刘治彦,岳晓燕,赵睿.我国城市交通拥堵成因与治理对策[J].城市发展研究,2011,(11)：90-96.
[35]付宏伟.我国城市交通拥堵问题研究[D].[硕士学位论文].东北：东北财经大学,2011.12.
[36]刘冰.上海城市停车问题的对策研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2002,(2)：34-38.
[37]彭军,王江峰,王娜.我国大城市交通拥堵成因及治理策略分析[J].中国科技信息,2011,(16)：9：1-204.
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