A企业库存优化应用研究
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摘要
随着科学技术特别是信息技术的发展,企业可以从供应链管理中获取更多的竞争优势。在经济全球化的背景下A企业面对日益激烈的市场竞争环境,开始考虑如何在保证产品质量和服务的前提下将库存保持在合理水平,降低库存成本,从而为企业赢得竞争力。而库存优化问题既牵涉到到合理的库存水平设置,又牵涉到一定服务目标的实现。因此,库存优化问题是一个综合性的问题,库存优化的结果应该是企业经营绩效的改善。A企业是国内一家酒店设备制造厂商,产品主要以红酒酒柜为主。由于这个行业竞争激烈,客户对交货期要求严格,因此之前A企业通过保持较高的库存水平为实现一定的服务水平;但是较高的库存水平带来了较高的库存成本与流动资金占压,在目前把成本控制作为企业赢取竞争力的一个重要领域,这种局面对企业的发展是不利的。因此,选择库存优化作为改善A企业当前管理水平,提高企业经营绩效的有效途径是合情合理的。
本文首先针对A企业库存管理现状做深入调查,分析主要问题与成因。
其次,针对A企业生产特性与物料需求特性、供应链特点,提出A企业库存优化方案,并通过实例来论证方案的可行性。
第三,针对A企业当前库存管理的实践给出相应的考核指标,通过优化方案的实施后的相关指标对比来分析库存优化效果。
最后,分析和总结A企业库存优化过程的中方法与经验。
With the development of technology especially information technology, the enterprises could take more advantage from supply chain management. On the condition of economy globalization, A company begins to take consideration of company’s inventory control, for good inventory control leads to the cost cut and the service improvement. A company is one of leading hotel equipment manufacturers, and it is specialized in red wine cabinet. For the intense competition and strict terms on delivery, A company is holding high level inventory to keep high service level. It results in the disorder of material management and high inventory cost, which directly lowers the performance of company.
This paper firstly addresses the problems existing in the inventory management of A company and analyzes why these problems are taking place.
Secondly settlements based on inventory control technology and models are furthered and then tested by datas collected from A company.
How the performance is improved is followed as the forth part of this paper, from it we can tell that inventory optimization does aid to improve A company performance especially in cost control.
At the end of this paper conclusions is drawn to illustrate the success experience of this paper, that is inventory optimization is a good way to improve the performance of the small business like A company.
本文首先针对A企业库存管理现状做深入调查,分析主要问题与成因。
其次,针对A企业生产特性与物料需求特性、供应链特点,提出A企业库存优化方案,并通过实例来论证方案的可行性。
第三,针对A企业当前库存管理的实践给出相应的考核指标,通过优化方案的实施后的相关指标对比来分析库存优化效果。
最后,分析和总结A企业库存优化过程的中方法与经验。
With the development of technology especially information technology, the enterprises could take more advantage from supply chain management. On the condition of economy globalization, A company begins to take consideration of company’s inventory control, for good inventory control leads to the cost cut and the service improvement. A company is one of leading hotel equipment manufacturers, and it is specialized in red wine cabinet. For the intense competition and strict terms on delivery, A company is holding high level inventory to keep high service level. It results in the disorder of material management and high inventory cost, which directly lowers the performance of company.
This paper firstly addresses the problems existing in the inventory management of A company and analyzes why these problems are taking place.
Secondly settlements based on inventory control technology and models are furthered and then tested by datas collected from A company.
How the performance is improved is followed as the forth part of this paper, from it we can tell that inventory optimization does aid to improve A company performance especially in cost control.
At the end of this paper conclusions is drawn to illustrate the success experience of this paper, that is inventory optimization is a good way to improve the performance of the small business like A company.
引文
[1] Warren J.K .全球市场营销[M]第五版.段志蓉.北京:清华大学出版社, 1998: 3-4
[2] Ronal H.Ballou.企业物流管理[M].王晓东,胡瑞娟,等译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 773
[3]周永务,王圣东.库存控制理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009: 13-14
[4] Hadley G, Whintin T M. 1963. Analysis of Inventory System. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
[5] Banerjee A. 1986. A joint economic lot size model for purchaser and vendor. Decision Sciences, 17(3):292-311
[6] Goyal S K. 1987. Determination of a supplier’s economic ordering policy. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 38(9): 853-857
[7] Martel A, Gascon A. 1998. Dynamic lot-sizing with price changes and price dependent holding costs. European Journal of Operation Research, 11(1): 114-128
[8] Sankarasubranmanian E, Kumaraswamy S.1983.Optimal order quantity for pre-determined level of profit. Management Science, 29(4): 512-514
[9] Moon I, Silver E A.2000. The multi-item newsvendor problem with a budget constraint and fixed ordering costs. Journal of the Operational Research, 25(11):1007-1012
[9] Abdel-Maleka L, Montanarib R, Morales L C. 2004. Exact, approximate, and generic iterative models for the multi-product Newsboy problem with budget constraint. International Journal of Production Economics,91(2):189-198
[10] Scarf H.1960. The optimality of (s,S) policies in the dynamic inventory problems//Arrow K, Karlin S, Suppes P. Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences. California: Stanford University Press
[11] Tagaras G, Vlachos D.2001. A periodic review inventory system with emergency replenishments. Management Science, 47(3):415-429
[12] Fortuin L.1980. Five popular probability density functions: A comparison in the field of stock control models. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 31(10):937-942
[13] Eynan A, Kropp D H. 2007. Effective and simple EOQ-like solutions for stochastic demand periodic review systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 180(3):1135-1143
[14]熊中楷,熊运莲,林建怡.两货栈的变质品库存模型:考虑部分短缺量拖后和通货膨胀[J].科技管理, 2005,第9期: 262-265
[15]王圣东.易过期物品重新加工的两层次联合生产-库存模型[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 29(1): 49-52
[16]闵杰,周永务,赵菊. An Inventory Model for Perishable Items with Maximum Customer Waiting Time under Inflation[J].应用数学, 2007,20(4): 688-696
[17]徐贤浩,余双琪.短生命周期产品的三种库存模型的比较[J].管理科学学报, 2007, 10(4): 9-15
[18]莫降涛,温宗良,徐春明,孟立华.拖后率随时间变化且资金折现的变质性产品库存模型[J].广西科学, 2008, 15( 1) : 23～26
[19]王圣东,周永务,甘犬财.易变质性产品生产商和销售商库存协调模型[J].系统工程学报, 2010,25(4): 251-256
[20]杨树,邱昊等.考虑延期支付的斯坦博格库存模型[J].系统工程, 2006, 24(4): 21-24
[21]张冲,戴更新,韩广华,李明.基于线性信用支付的变质物品最优库存模型[J].青岛大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,20(3):70-73
[22]计国君.在延迟付款期限下基于损耗性的供应链库存模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2009,41(4):274-279
[23]杨树,梁梁,董骏峰.延期支付条件下单个生产商多个销售商库存模型[J].系统工程, 2007, 25(4): 9-14
[24]马士华,林勇.基于随机提前期的( Q , r)库存模型[J].计算机集成制造系统—CIMS, 2002,8(5):396-397
[25]黄欣,周永务.基于两种订购方式上的定期补给库存模型[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,28(8):839-844
[26]陈童,黄卓,郭波.基于P H分布和M A P的备件(s, S) [J].库存模型系统工程理论与实践, 2009,29(6):107-114
[27]方秋莲,刘再明.一类跳扩散需求的存贮系统的(s, S)库存控制策略研究[J].应用数学学报, 2010,33(4):611-622
[28]王庆金,吴泗宗.价格折扣和运输折扣下供应链库存—运输优化模型[J].信息与控制, 2005,34(3):335-339
[29]陆镭.一个带有增量价格折扣的两货栈库存模型[J]运筹学学报,2007,11(4):77-81
[30]罗兵,李波.价格影响需求的随机间隔期库存模型[J].改革与战略, 2008, 24(147):19-22
[31]王英楠,韩继业,孙华.一种不确定需求下库存定价模型的鲁棒优化方法[J].应用数学学报, 2008,31(5):910-921
[32]王圣东.单供货商多销售商联合生产库存模型[J].系统工程学报, 2006, 21(1): 92-95
[33]张强,刘西林.多供应商、多销售商的两级供应链库存模型研究[J].工业工程, 2006, 9(4): 101-104
[34]王圣东.基于合作和竞争的供货商与销售商库存模型[J].系统工程学报, 2007, 22(7): 98-102
[35]戢守峰,李佳,李峰,黄小原.周期性需求下多级库存缺货控制模型研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 28(6): 879-882
[36]杨头平,刘志学.基于作业成本法的一个库存成本控制模型[J],工业工程与管理, 2008, 4: 62-67
[37]华国伟,李健,潘伟,杨丰梅,周永圣.带有回报率机会约束的报童问题[J].运筹与管理, 2009, 28(3): 15-19
[37]何鲲,鹿泉育.考虑可变库存费和销售机会损失的库存模型[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 33(11), 1717-1720
[38] Donald Waters.物流管理概述[M].刘秉镰,韩勇等.译.北京:电子工业出版社
[39]周永务,王圣东.库存控制理论与方法[M]北京:科学出版社2009: 9-10
[40]王文信.仓储管理[M]. 2007年第2版厦门:厦门大学出版社, 2007: 140-141
[41]威廉史蒂文森.运营管理[M]第9版,张群张杰译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2009: 244-247
[42]任江.简述“牛鞭效应”解决之道———精益供应链管理[J].市场周刊·理论研究理,2011,6:22-23
[43]宋华,苟彦忠.现代物流管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2008: 170-174
[2] Ronal H.Ballou.企业物流管理[M].王晓东,胡瑞娟,等译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 773
[3]周永务,王圣东.库存控制理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009: 13-14
[4] Hadley G, Whintin T M. 1963. Analysis of Inventory System. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
[5] Banerjee A. 1986. A joint economic lot size model for purchaser and vendor. Decision Sciences, 17(3):292-311
[6] Goyal S K. 1987. Determination of a supplier’s economic ordering policy. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 38(9): 853-857
[7] Martel A, Gascon A. 1998. Dynamic lot-sizing with price changes and price dependent holding costs. European Journal of Operation Research, 11(1): 114-128
[8] Sankarasubranmanian E, Kumaraswamy S.1983.Optimal order quantity for pre-determined level of profit. Management Science, 29(4): 512-514
[9] Moon I, Silver E A.2000. The multi-item newsvendor problem with a budget constraint and fixed ordering costs. Journal of the Operational Research, 25(11):1007-1012
[9] Abdel-Maleka L, Montanarib R, Morales L C. 2004. Exact, approximate, and generic iterative models for the multi-product Newsboy problem with budget constraint. International Journal of Production Economics,91(2):189-198
[10] Scarf H.1960. The optimality of (s,S) policies in the dynamic inventory problems//Arrow K, Karlin S, Suppes P. Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences. California: Stanford University Press
[11] Tagaras G, Vlachos D.2001. A periodic review inventory system with emergency replenishments. Management Science, 47(3):415-429
[12] Fortuin L.1980. Five popular probability density functions: A comparison in the field of stock control models. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 31(10):937-942
[13] Eynan A, Kropp D H. 2007. Effective and simple EOQ-like solutions for stochastic demand periodic review systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 180(3):1135-1143
[14]熊中楷,熊运莲,林建怡.两货栈的变质品库存模型:考虑部分短缺量拖后和通货膨胀[J].科技管理, 2005,第9期: 262-265
[15]王圣东.易过期物品重新加工的两层次联合生产-库存模型[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 29(1): 49-52
[16]闵杰,周永务,赵菊. An Inventory Model for Perishable Items with Maximum Customer Waiting Time under Inflation[J].应用数学, 2007,20(4): 688-696
[17]徐贤浩,余双琪.短生命周期产品的三种库存模型的比较[J].管理科学学报, 2007, 10(4): 9-15
[18]莫降涛,温宗良,徐春明,孟立华.拖后率随时间变化且资金折现的变质性产品库存模型[J].广西科学, 2008, 15( 1) : 23～26
[19]王圣东,周永务,甘犬财.易变质性产品生产商和销售商库存协调模型[J].系统工程学报, 2010,25(4): 251-256
[20]杨树,邱昊等.考虑延期支付的斯坦博格库存模型[J].系统工程, 2006, 24(4): 21-24
[21]张冲,戴更新,韩广华,李明.基于线性信用支付的变质物品最优库存模型[J].青岛大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,20(3):70-73
[22]计国君.在延迟付款期限下基于损耗性的供应链库存模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2009,41(4):274-279
[23]杨树,梁梁,董骏峰.延期支付条件下单个生产商多个销售商库存模型[J].系统工程, 2007, 25(4): 9-14
[24]马士华,林勇.基于随机提前期的( Q , r)库存模型[J].计算机集成制造系统—CIMS, 2002,8(5):396-397
[25]黄欣,周永务.基于两种订购方式上的定期补给库存模型[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,28(8):839-844
[26]陈童,黄卓,郭波.基于P H分布和M A P的备件(s, S) [J].库存模型系统工程理论与实践, 2009,29(6):107-114
[27]方秋莲,刘再明.一类跳扩散需求的存贮系统的(s, S)库存控制策略研究[J].应用数学学报, 2010,33(4):611-622
[28]王庆金,吴泗宗.价格折扣和运输折扣下供应链库存—运输优化模型[J].信息与控制, 2005,34(3):335-339
[29]陆镭.一个带有增量价格折扣的两货栈库存模型[J]运筹学学报,2007,11(4):77-81
[30]罗兵,李波.价格影响需求的随机间隔期库存模型[J].改革与战略, 2008, 24(147):19-22
[31]王英楠,韩继业,孙华.一种不确定需求下库存定价模型的鲁棒优化方法[J].应用数学学报, 2008,31(5):910-921
[32]王圣东.单供货商多销售商联合生产库存模型[J].系统工程学报, 2006, 21(1): 92-95
[33]张强,刘西林.多供应商、多销售商的两级供应链库存模型研究[J].工业工程, 2006, 9(4): 101-104
[34]王圣东.基于合作和竞争的供货商与销售商库存模型[J].系统工程学报, 2007, 22(7): 98-102
[35]戢守峰,李佳,李峰,黄小原.周期性需求下多级库存缺货控制模型研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 28(6): 879-882
[36]杨头平,刘志学.基于作业成本法的一个库存成本控制模型[J],工业工程与管理, 2008, 4: 62-67
[37]华国伟,李健,潘伟,杨丰梅,周永圣.带有回报率机会约束的报童问题[J].运筹与管理, 2009, 28(3): 15-19
[37]何鲲,鹿泉育.考虑可变库存费和销售机会损失的库存模型[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 33(11), 1717-1720
[38] Donald Waters.物流管理概述[M].刘秉镰,韩勇等.译.北京:电子工业出版社
[39]周永务,王圣东.库存控制理论与方法[M]北京:科学出版社2009: 9-10
[40]王文信.仓储管理[M]. 2007年第2版厦门:厦门大学出版社, 2007: 140-141
[41]威廉史蒂文森.运营管理[M]第9版,张群张杰译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2009: 244-247
[42]任江.简述“牛鞭效应”解决之道———精益供应链管理[J].市场周刊·理论研究理,2011,6:22-23
[43]宋华,苟彦忠.现代物流管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2008: 170-174