军曹鱼幼鱼（Rachycentron canadum）微量元素硒、锰的营养生理研究
摘要
本文以我国新兴海水养殖鱼类军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)为研究对象,在室内流水养殖系统中(500 L/水族箱)进行摄食生长实验。探讨饲料中添加不同水平的蛋氨酸硒、硫酸锰对军曹鱼(初始体重：6g左右)生长和生理状态的影响,并根据不同评价指标确定了军曹鱼对这两种微量元素的需求量。主要研究结果如下：
1.通过十周的养殖试验,来确定军曹鱼幼鱼(Rachycentron canadum L.)对微量元素硒的最适需求量。基础饲料以酪蛋白和明胶作为蛋白源,蛋白含量为50.6%。各个饲料组中添加相对应量的蛋氨酸硒(Seleno-DL-methionine),使硒(Se)的添加量分别为0.0,0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80和1.00 mg/kg饲料(干重)。饲料中实测硒含量分别是0.21,0.35,0.62,0.85,1.07和1.36 mg/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重6.27±0.03g)30尾。在养殖过程中,对养殖用水中硒含量进行监控,未检测出水中有硒。经过十周的养殖试验后,发现投喂不同硒含量的饲料,对军曹鱼幼鱼的成活率(SR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)以及全鱼和脊椎骨中硒含量影响显著(P<0.05)。硒依赖型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Se-GPx, EC 1.11.119)活力随着饲料中硒含量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)。肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR,EC 1.6.4.2)活力在投喂基础饲料组中最强,随着饲料中硒含量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05)。根据SGR、鱼体硒含量以及脊椎骨中硒含量与饲料中锰含量关系拟合曲线得出,军曹鱼幼鱼对硒的最适需求量分别为0.788,0.793和0.811mg/kg饲料。
2.通过十周的养殖试验,来确定军曹鱼幼鱼(Rachycentron canadum L.)对微量元素锰的最适需求量。基础饲料以酪蛋白,明胶和鱼肉浓缩蛋白作为蛋白源,蛋白含量为50.1%。各个饲料组中添加相对应量的硫酸锰,使锰(Mn)的添加量分别为0.0,6.0,12.0,18.0,24.0和36.0 mg/kg饲料(干重)。饲料中实测锰含量分别是5.98,7.23,16.05,23.87,28.87和41.29mg/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重6.27±0.03g)30尾。在养殖过程中,对养殖用水中锰含量进行监控,其含量低于0.01mg/L。经过十周的养殖试验后,发现投喂不同锰含量的饲料,对军曹鱼幼鱼的成活率(SR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)以及全鱼和脊椎骨中锰含量影响显著(P<0.05)。在投喂饲料锰含量为5.98mg/kg到23.87mg/kg时,肝脏及血清中锰超氧化物岐化酶(Mn-SOD)活性都随饲料中锰添加量增大而明显升高(P<0.05),当饲料中锰含量高于23.87mg/kg时,差异不显著。根据SGR、鱼体锰含量以及脊椎骨中锰含量与饲料中锰含量关系拟合曲线得出,军曹鱼幼鱼对锰的最适需求量分别为21.72、22.38和24.93mg/kg饲料。
10-week feeding trials were conducted to investigate the nutritional physiology of selenium and manganese for cobia (Rachycentron canadum). The dietary requirements of selenium and manganese for cobia (average initial weight:about 6 g) were estimated with different indicators. The experiments were conducted in indoor culture system (500 L/tank). Results of these studies are presented as follows:
1. A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary selenium requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. The basal diet was formulated to contain 50.6% crude protein from vitamin-free casein, gelatin. Seleno-DL-methionine was added to the basal diet at 0.00 (control group),0.20, 0.40,0.60,0.80 and 1.00 mg Se kg-1 diet providing 0.21,0.35,0.62,0.85,1.07 and 1.36 mg Se kg-1 diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of juvenile cobia with initial weight 6.27±0.03 g in a flow-through system. The Selenium concentration in rearing water was monitored during the feeding period, and was not detectable. Dietary selenium level significantly influenced survival, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and the selenium concentrations in the whole body and vertebra of cobia. The selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx, EC 1.11.119) activity increased with the increase of dietary selenium levels (P<0.05). Hepatic glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activity was highest in fish fed diet with 0.21 mg Se kg-1, and declined with the increase of dietary Se levels(P<0.05). Base on broke-line regression of SGR, selenium concentration in whole body and vertebra, the selenium requirements of juvenile cobia were 0.788,0.793 and 0.811 mg Se kg-1 diet in the form of Seleno-DL-methionine, respectively.
2. A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary manganese requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. The basal diet was formulated to contain 50.1% from vitamin-free casein, gelatin, fish protein concentrate. Manganese sulfate was added to the basal diet at 0.00 (control group),6,12,18,24 and 36 mg Mn kg-1 diet providing 5.98,7.23,16.05,23.87, 28.87 and 41.29 mg Mn kg-1 diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of cobia for 9 weeks, and each tank was stocked with 30 fish (initial weight:6.27±0.01g). The Manganese concentration in rearing water was monitored during the feeding period, and was<0.01 mg/L). Dietary manganese level significantly influenced survival (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and the manganese concentrations in the whole body and vertebra of cobia. The manganese-Superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity of liver and serum increased with the increase of dietary manganese level from 5.98mg/kg to 23.87 mg/kg (P<0.05) and then had no significantly difference for the groups fed diets containing higher levels of manganese. Base on broke-line regression of SGR, manganese concentration in whole body and vertebra, the manganese requirements of juvenile cobia were 21.72mg/kg、22.38mg/kg and 24.93mg/kg diet in the form of Manganese sulfate, respectively.
1.通过十周的养殖试验,来确定军曹鱼幼鱼(Rachycentron canadum L.)对微量元素硒的最适需求量。基础饲料以酪蛋白和明胶作为蛋白源,蛋白含量为50.6%。各个饲料组中添加相对应量的蛋氨酸硒(Seleno-DL-methionine),使硒(Se)的添加量分别为0.0,0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80和1.00 mg/kg饲料(干重)。饲料中实测硒含量分别是0.21,0.35,0.62,0.85,1.07和1.36 mg/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重6.27±0.03g)30尾。在养殖过程中,对养殖用水中硒含量进行监控,未检测出水中有硒。经过十周的养殖试验后,发现投喂不同硒含量的饲料,对军曹鱼幼鱼的成活率(SR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)以及全鱼和脊椎骨中硒含量影响显著(P<0.05)。硒依赖型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Se-GPx, EC 1.11.119)活力随着饲料中硒含量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)。肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR,EC 1.6.4.2)活力在投喂基础饲料组中最强,随着饲料中硒含量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05)。根据SGR、鱼体硒含量以及脊椎骨中硒含量与饲料中锰含量关系拟合曲线得出,军曹鱼幼鱼对硒的最适需求量分别为0.788,0.793和0.811mg/kg饲料。
2.通过十周的养殖试验,来确定军曹鱼幼鱼(Rachycentron canadum L.)对微量元素锰的最适需求量。基础饲料以酪蛋白,明胶和鱼肉浓缩蛋白作为蛋白源,蛋白含量为50.1%。各个饲料组中添加相对应量的硫酸锰,使锰(Mn)的添加量分别为0.0,6.0,12.0,18.0,24.0和36.0 mg/kg饲料(干重)。饲料中实测锰含量分别是5.98,7.23,16.05,23.87,28.87和41.29mg/kg。养殖实验在室内流水系统中进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体重6.27±0.03g)30尾。在养殖过程中,对养殖用水中锰含量进行监控,其含量低于0.01mg/L。经过十周的养殖试验后,发现投喂不同锰含量的饲料,对军曹鱼幼鱼的成活率(SR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)以及全鱼和脊椎骨中锰含量影响显著(P<0.05)。在投喂饲料锰含量为5.98mg/kg到23.87mg/kg时,肝脏及血清中锰超氧化物岐化酶(Mn-SOD)活性都随饲料中锰添加量增大而明显升高(P<0.05),当饲料中锰含量高于23.87mg/kg时,差异不显著。根据SGR、鱼体锰含量以及脊椎骨中锰含量与饲料中锰含量关系拟合曲线得出,军曹鱼幼鱼对锰的最适需求量分别为21.72、22.38和24.93mg/kg饲料。
10-week feeding trials were conducted to investigate the nutritional physiology of selenium and manganese for cobia (Rachycentron canadum). The dietary requirements of selenium and manganese for cobia (average initial weight:about 6 g) were estimated with different indicators. The experiments were conducted in indoor culture system (500 L/tank). Results of these studies are presented as follows:
1. A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary selenium requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. The basal diet was formulated to contain 50.6% crude protein from vitamin-free casein, gelatin. Seleno-DL-methionine was added to the basal diet at 0.00 (control group),0.20, 0.40,0.60,0.80 and 1.00 mg Se kg-1 diet providing 0.21,0.35,0.62,0.85,1.07 and 1.36 mg Se kg-1 diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of juvenile cobia with initial weight 6.27±0.03 g in a flow-through system. The Selenium concentration in rearing water was monitored during the feeding period, and was not detectable. Dietary selenium level significantly influenced survival, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and the selenium concentrations in the whole body and vertebra of cobia. The selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx, EC 1.11.119) activity increased with the increase of dietary selenium levels (P<0.05). Hepatic glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activity was highest in fish fed diet with 0.21 mg Se kg-1, and declined with the increase of dietary Se levels(P<0.05). Base on broke-line regression of SGR, selenium concentration in whole body and vertebra, the selenium requirements of juvenile cobia were 0.788,0.793 and 0.811 mg Se kg-1 diet in the form of Seleno-DL-methionine, respectively.
2. A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary manganese requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. The basal diet was formulated to contain 50.1% from vitamin-free casein, gelatin, fish protein concentrate. Manganese sulfate was added to the basal diet at 0.00 (control group),6,12,18,24 and 36 mg Mn kg-1 diet providing 5.98,7.23,16.05,23.87, 28.87 and 41.29 mg Mn kg-1 diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of cobia for 9 weeks, and each tank was stocked with 30 fish (initial weight:6.27±0.01g). The Manganese concentration in rearing water was monitored during the feeding period, and was<0.01 mg/L). Dietary manganese level significantly influenced survival (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and the manganese concentrations in the whole body and vertebra of cobia. The manganese-Superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity of liver and serum increased with the increase of dietary manganese level from 5.98mg/kg to 23.87 mg/kg (P<0.05) and then had no significantly difference for the groups fed diets containing higher levels of manganese. Base on broke-line regression of SGR, manganese concentration in whole body and vertebra, the manganese requirements of juvenile cobia were 21.72mg/kg、22.38mg/kg and 24.93mg/kg diet in the form of Manganese sulfate, respectively.
引文
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