饲料中的铁、锌和铜对皱纹盘鲍生长、代谢反应和抗氧化作用的影响
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摘要
本文以草食性原始腹足贝类皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)作为研究对象,分别以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4·7H2O)为铁源、硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)为锌源、以硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)为铜源在饲料中设置不同的梯度,在流水系统中进行摄食生长实验。探讨铁的缺乏与过量、铁与锌的交互作用、铁与铜的交互作用对皱纹盘鲍生长、代谢反应及抗氧化作用的影响,主要研究结果如下:
1、在以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源的半精制基础饲料中,以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4·7H2O)为铁源,设置铁的4个梯度0(缺乏)、65(正常)、1300(过量)、6500mg/kg(过量)(饲料中实测含量29.7、65.7、1267.2、6264.7mg/kg),研究铁的缺乏与过量对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍生长与体组成、代谢反应与抗氧化作用的影响。实验共分4个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养50只鲍鱼(平均体重0.29±0.00g;平均壳长为13.05±0.02 mm),进行为期28周的流水养殖实验。结果表明:各实验组鲍鱼成活率(>97%)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在铁缺乏(29.7 mg/kg)组,增重率(WGR)和贝壳日增长(DISL)最低,但与正常组(65.7 mg/kg)无显著差异;在铁过量(1267.2、6264.7mg/kg)组,WGR和DISL显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料中铁含量的升高显著增加了软体部粗蛋白的含量,显著降低了软体部粗脂肪的含量(P<0.05)。肝胰脏、肌肉、血清、贝壳中铁的含量随着饲料中铁含量的升高而升高,而铜、锰、锌的含量随着饲料中铁含量的升高而降低。血清和肝胰脏酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性随着饲料中铁水平的升高有先升高后下降的趋势。血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肝胰脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及肝胰脏总抗氧化力(T-AOC)在铁过量组显著降低(P<0.05)。饲料丙二醛(MDA)水平在铁过量组显著升高,饲料VE含量显著降低(P<0.05)。在6264.7 mg/kg饲料组,内脏团MDA的含量高于其他处理组(P<0.05),肌肉VE的含量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。在铁过量组,铁过量导致肝胰脏中VE显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:当饲料中的铁过量(1267.2、6264.7mg/kg)时,在皱纹盘鲍生长上虽没有观察到铁的毒性,然而肝胰脏VE的含量、SOD和CAT的活性及T-AOC都有降低的趋势,同时在6264.7mg/kg组,内脏团的MDA含量也显著升高。这就说明,饲料中过量的铁(1267.2、6264.7mg/kg),导致皱纹盘鲍体内氧化压力增加,抗氧化能力下降,对健康造成了不利影响。
2、利用3×3双因素实验设计,在饲料中添加不同含量的铁(0,65,1300mg/kg)和锌(0,35,700mg/kg),探讨铁和锌的相互作用对皱纹盘鲍生长、代谢反应和抗氧化作用的影响。以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4?7H2O)为铁源,以硫酸锌(ZnSO4?7H2O)为锌源,酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源制作半精制基础饲料。共有9个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养50只鲍鱼(平均体重:0.29±0.00g;平均壳长:13.05±0.02 mm),流水养殖28周。
结果表明:增重率(WGR)和贝壳日增长(DISL)随着饲料中铁水平的升高而升高,当饲料中铁的含量为1300mg/kg时,WGR和DISL显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。软体部粗蛋白含量随着饲料中铁含量的升高显著升高,而软体部粗脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05)。饲料中的铁和锌对软体部脂肪的含量变化存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),对WGR和DISL无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。当饲料锌的含量一定时,肝胰脏、肌肉、血清、贝壳中铁的含量随着饲料铁水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05);而这4个组织中锌的含量随着饲料铁水平的升高有先升高后下降的趋势,在饲料铁为1300mg/kg时,组织锌含量显著下降(P<0.05)。当饲料铁的含量一定时,组织铁的含量随着饲料锌水平的升高而显著降低,而其锌的含量随着饲料锌水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料中高水平的铁和锌相互抑制。饲料中的铁和锌对肝胰脏中铁和锌的含量、肌肉中铁的含量及血清中铁、铜、锰的含量变化均存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),且对血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和肝胰脏ACP活性的变化也存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肝胰脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及总抗氧化力(T-AOC)随着饲料铁含量的升高有先上升后下降的趋势,当饲料铁水平为1300 mg/kg时,肝胰脏CAT的活性及T-AOC显著下降(P<0.05)。饲料中MDA含量随着饲料中铁水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05),而饲料中VE含量显著降低(P<0.05)。当饲料铁为1300mg/kg时,肝胰脏的VE含量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。饲料中的铁和锌对血清SOD、肝胰脏CAT活性的变化均存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。
3、利用3×3双因素实验设计在饲料中添加不同含量的铁(0,65,1300mg/kg)和铜(0,4,80mg/kg),探讨铁和铜的相互作用对皱纹盘鲍生长、代谢反应和抗氧化作用的影响。以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4?7H2O)为铁源,以硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)为铜源,以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源制作半精制基础饲料。共有9个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养50只鲍鱼(平均体重:0.33±0.00g;平均壳长:13.54±0.04 mm),流水养殖28周。
结果表明:当饲料铁为1300mg/kg时,增重率(WGR)和贝壳日增长(DISL)显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料中铁水平的升高,显著增加了软体部粗蛋白的含量而显著降低了软体部粗脂肪的含量(P<0.05)。当饲料中铜含量为0、4 mg/kg时,肝胰脏、肌肉、血清、贝壳中铁的含量随着铁含量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05);当铜含量为80 mg/kg时,这4个组织铁的含量不再随着饲料铁含量的增加而增加。当饲料铁的含量一定时,组织铁的含量随着饲料铜水平的升高存在先升高后下降的趋势,组织铁的含量在饲料铜为4mg/kg时最高,在饲料铜为80mg/kg时显著降低(P<0.05)。组织中锌、锰的含量随着饲料铁和铜水平的升高而显著降低(P<0.05)。饲料中铁和铜的含量对鲍鱼肝胰脏中的铁、铜、锌和锰、肌肉中锰、血清铁、锌、锰的含量及血清和肝胰脏中的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性变化均有显著性的交互作用(P<0.05)。当饲料铜水平一定时,肝胰脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)随着饲料铁水平的升高而显著降低(P<0.05)。饲料铁的含量对饲料丙二醛(MDA)、饲料和肝胰脏VE的含量均存在显著影响(P<0.05)。在饲料铁含量为1300mg/kg的饲料组,饲料MDA的含量显著降低(P<0.05),饲料及肝胰脏的VE含量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。饲料中的铁和铜对血清和肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及肝胰脏CAT的活性变化均有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。
A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effects f dietary iron, zinc and copper on growth,metabolic responses and antioxidation in juvenile abalone(Haliotis discus hannai Ino) with FeSO4·7H2O as iron source, ZnSO4·7H2O as zinc source and CuSO4·5H2O as copper source.The results of the present study are summarized as follows:
1.A one-factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of iron deficiency and overload on growth, metabolic responses and antioxidation in juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The juveniles (initial mean weight, 0.29±0.00g; initial mean shell length, 13.05±0.02mm) were divided into four triplicate groups, and fed on one of the four semi-purified diets containing 29.7(deficiency), 65.7 (control), 1267.2 (overload), 6264.7 (overload) mg iron/kg dry diet, respectively, for 28 weeks in a flow-through system.The results showed that there were no significant difference in the survival of abalone among four dietary treatments (P>0.05). The average weight gain rate (WGR, %) and daily increment in shell length (DISL) were significantly increased with rising content of dietary iron (P<0.05) and reached the highest value in in 1267.2 and 6264.7 mg iron /kg diet treatments. Dietary iron significantly elevated the soft body protein content, however, significantly decreased the lipid content (P<0.05). Iron concentrations in muscle, hepatopancreas, serum and shell of abalone significantly increased with the dietary iron, however, copper, manganese and zinc concentrations in these tissues significantly decreased with the dietary iron (P<0.05). The activities of serum and hepatopancres acid phosphatase (ACP) and hepatopancres alkaline phosphatase (AKP) significantly decreased with the increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05).The activities of serum superoxide dimutase (SOD)and hepatopancres Catalase (CAT) and hepatopancres total anti-oxidation competence (T-AOC) increased then decreased with the increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05). The lowest values of SOD, CAT activities and T-AOC were found in the treatment with 6264.7 mg/kg dietary iron.The malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration of the test diets increased as the iron levels in the diets increased indicating that iron catalyzed lipid oxidation was occurring. The treatment of highest iron level had the highest level of MDA in hepatopancreas. The VE levels of diet and hepatopancreas decreased with increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05). According to these results, the abalone fed with diets of high iron level (1267.2 and 6264.7 mg/kg) kept better growth at the end of the experiments. But high iron catalyzed lipid oxidation in diet and tissue and increased tissue oxidative stress indicated that high dietary iron affected the healthy of the abalone.
2. A two-factorial experiment was conducted to determine iron and zinc interaction on growth, metabolic responses and antioxidant in juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai (average weight0.29±0.00g ; average shell length 13.05±0.02mm). Totally nine semi-purified diets were made to provide graded levels of iron(0, 65, 1300 mg/kg, supplied as FeSO4·7H2O)and zinc(0, 35, 700 mg/kg, supplied as ZnSO4·7H2O). Each treatment were triplicate. .The experimental period lasted 28 weeks in a flow-through systems. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the survival rate(>97.50%, P>0.05) of juvenile abalone in the feeding trial. 1300 mg iron /kg diet treatments significantly improved the growth performance of abalone, and dietary iron significantly elevated the soft body protein content, though the lipid content of abalones were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The interaction of Fe and Zn to the soft body lipid content was significant (P<0.05). The iron concentration of abalone body tissues(including hepatopancreas, muscle, serum and shell) decreased and the zinc concentration increased with the uprising dietary zinc treatments, when dietary iron level was invariable. However, when dietary zinc level was invariable ,the iron concentration of abalone body tissues significantly increased and the zinc concentration of tissues fluctuated by the treatment of increase dietary iron level. The concentration of abalone tissues iron (zinc) significantly decreased when the dietary zinc (iron) levels was highest(P<0.05 ). Iron and zinc had obviously interactions on the activities of serum acid phosphatase(ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and hepatopancreas ACP and tissue metal concentrations (the Fe and Zn concentration of hepatopancreas, the Fe level of muscle, and the Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations of serum)(P<0.05 ). The activities of hepatopancres Catalase (CAT) and total anti-oxidation competence (T-AOC) have a up and down trend along with the increasing dietary content of iron (P<0.05). There were significant interactions between iron and zinc on the activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hepatopancreas CAT (P<0.05 ). The malonaldehyde (MDA) levels of diet was significantly increased by the dietary iron supplement(P<0.05), however, the iron supplement decreased the VE levels of diet and hepatopancreas (P<0.05). And the dietary ion did not have interactions on the serum SOD and hepatopancreas CAT (P<0.05).
3. Iron and copper are essential micronutrients for aquatic animals health. The abalone( Haliotis discus hannai ino) juveniles (initial weight 0.33±0.00 g, initial shell length 13.54±0.04 mm) were fed nine experimental diets containing 0, 65, 1300 mg iron /kg (supplied as FeSO4·7H2O), combined with 0, 4, 80 mg copper /kg dry diet (supplied as CuSO4·7H2O), in order to elucidate the interaction between iron and copper on growth, metabolic responses and antioxidation in abalone( Haliotis discus hanni ino). Each treatment had three replicates.The experimental period lasted 28 weeks in a flow-through systems. 1300 mg iron /kg diet treatments significantly improved the growth performance of abalone, and dietary iron significantly elevated the soft body protein content, though the lipid content of abalones were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The iron concentrations of hepatopancreas, muscle and serum were higher than 1.80 copper mg/kg when dietary copper was 4.24 mg/kg and dietary iron was 0 and 65 mg/kg, therefore this indicated copper increased iron absoption when dietary iron was lower. The concentration of abalone tissues iron (copper) significantly decreased when the dietary copper (iron) levels was highest (P<0.05 ). Iron and copper had interactions on the activities of serum and hepatopancreas acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tissue metal concentrations (the Fe, Cu,Zn and Mn concentrations of hepatopancreas, the Mn level of muscle, and the Fe, Zn and Mn concentrations of serum)(P<0.05). The activities of hepatopancres Catalase (CAT) and hepatopancres total anti-oxidation competence (T-AOC) increased then decreased with the with increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05). There were significant interactions between iron and zinc on the activities of serum and hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hepatopancreas CAT (P<0.05 ).The malonaldehyde (MDA) levels of diet increased with increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05), however the VE levels of diet and hepatopancreas decreaed with increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05). There were significant interactions between Fe and Zn on the activities of serum SOD and hepatopancreas SOD and CAT (P<0.05).
1、在以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源的半精制基础饲料中,以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4·7H2O)为铁源,设置铁的4个梯度0(缺乏)、65(正常)、1300(过量)、6500mg/kg(过量)(饲料中实测含量29.7、65.7、1267.2、6264.7mg/kg),研究铁的缺乏与过量对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍生长与体组成、代谢反应与抗氧化作用的影响。实验共分4个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养50只鲍鱼(平均体重0.29±0.00g;平均壳长为13.05±0.02 mm),进行为期28周的流水养殖实验。结果表明:各实验组鲍鱼成活率(>97%)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在铁缺乏(29.7 mg/kg)组,增重率(WGR)和贝壳日增长(DISL)最低,但与正常组(65.7 mg/kg)无显著差异;在铁过量(1267.2、6264.7mg/kg)组,WGR和DISL显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料中铁含量的升高显著增加了软体部粗蛋白的含量,显著降低了软体部粗脂肪的含量(P<0.05)。肝胰脏、肌肉、血清、贝壳中铁的含量随着饲料中铁含量的升高而升高,而铜、锰、锌的含量随着饲料中铁含量的升高而降低。血清和肝胰脏酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性随着饲料中铁水平的升高有先升高后下降的趋势。血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肝胰脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及肝胰脏总抗氧化力(T-AOC)在铁过量组显著降低(P<0.05)。饲料丙二醛(MDA)水平在铁过量组显著升高,饲料VE含量显著降低(P<0.05)。在6264.7 mg/kg饲料组,内脏团MDA的含量高于其他处理组(P<0.05),肌肉VE的含量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。在铁过量组,铁过量导致肝胰脏中VE显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:当饲料中的铁过量(1267.2、6264.7mg/kg)时,在皱纹盘鲍生长上虽没有观察到铁的毒性,然而肝胰脏VE的含量、SOD和CAT的活性及T-AOC都有降低的趋势,同时在6264.7mg/kg组,内脏团的MDA含量也显著升高。这就说明,饲料中过量的铁(1267.2、6264.7mg/kg),导致皱纹盘鲍体内氧化压力增加,抗氧化能力下降,对健康造成了不利影响。
2、利用3×3双因素实验设计,在饲料中添加不同含量的铁(0,65,1300mg/kg)和锌(0,35,700mg/kg),探讨铁和锌的相互作用对皱纹盘鲍生长、代谢反应和抗氧化作用的影响。以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4?7H2O)为铁源,以硫酸锌(ZnSO4?7H2O)为锌源,酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源制作半精制基础饲料。共有9个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养50只鲍鱼(平均体重:0.29±0.00g;平均壳长:13.05±0.02 mm),流水养殖28周。
结果表明:增重率(WGR)和贝壳日增长(DISL)随着饲料中铁水平的升高而升高,当饲料中铁的含量为1300mg/kg时,WGR和DISL显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。软体部粗蛋白含量随着饲料中铁含量的升高显著升高,而软体部粗脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05)。饲料中的铁和锌对软体部脂肪的含量变化存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),对WGR和DISL无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。当饲料锌的含量一定时,肝胰脏、肌肉、血清、贝壳中铁的含量随着饲料铁水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05);而这4个组织中锌的含量随着饲料铁水平的升高有先升高后下降的趋势,在饲料铁为1300mg/kg时,组织锌含量显著下降(P<0.05)。当饲料铁的含量一定时,组织铁的含量随着饲料锌水平的升高而显著降低,而其锌的含量随着饲料锌水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料中高水平的铁和锌相互抑制。饲料中的铁和锌对肝胰脏中铁和锌的含量、肌肉中铁的含量及血清中铁、铜、锰的含量变化均存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),且对血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和肝胰脏ACP活性的变化也存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肝胰脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及总抗氧化力(T-AOC)随着饲料铁含量的升高有先上升后下降的趋势,当饲料铁水平为1300 mg/kg时,肝胰脏CAT的活性及T-AOC显著下降(P<0.05)。饲料中MDA含量随着饲料中铁水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05),而饲料中VE含量显著降低(P<0.05)。当饲料铁为1300mg/kg时,肝胰脏的VE含量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。饲料中的铁和锌对血清SOD、肝胰脏CAT活性的变化均存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。
3、利用3×3双因素实验设计在饲料中添加不同含量的铁(0,65,1300mg/kg)和铜(0,4,80mg/kg),探讨铁和铜的相互作用对皱纹盘鲍生长、代谢反应和抗氧化作用的影响。以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4?7H2O)为铁源,以硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)为铜源,以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源制作半精制基础饲料。共有9个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养50只鲍鱼(平均体重:0.33±0.00g;平均壳长:13.54±0.04 mm),流水养殖28周。
结果表明:当饲料铁为1300mg/kg时,增重率(WGR)和贝壳日增长(DISL)显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料中铁水平的升高,显著增加了软体部粗蛋白的含量而显著降低了软体部粗脂肪的含量(P<0.05)。当饲料中铜含量为0、4 mg/kg时,肝胰脏、肌肉、血清、贝壳中铁的含量随着铁含量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05);当铜含量为80 mg/kg时,这4个组织铁的含量不再随着饲料铁含量的增加而增加。当饲料铁的含量一定时,组织铁的含量随着饲料铜水平的升高存在先升高后下降的趋势,组织铁的含量在饲料铜为4mg/kg时最高,在饲料铜为80mg/kg时显著降低(P<0.05)。组织中锌、锰的含量随着饲料铁和铜水平的升高而显著降低(P<0.05)。饲料中铁和铜的含量对鲍鱼肝胰脏中的铁、铜、锌和锰、肌肉中锰、血清铁、锌、锰的含量及血清和肝胰脏中的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性变化均有显著性的交互作用(P<0.05)。当饲料铜水平一定时,肝胰脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)随着饲料铁水平的升高而显著降低(P<0.05)。饲料铁的含量对饲料丙二醛(MDA)、饲料和肝胰脏VE的含量均存在显著影响(P<0.05)。在饲料铁含量为1300mg/kg的饲料组,饲料MDA的含量显著降低(P<0.05),饲料及肝胰脏的VE含量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。饲料中的铁和铜对血清和肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及肝胰脏CAT的活性变化均有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。
A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effects f dietary iron, zinc and copper on growth,metabolic responses and antioxidation in juvenile abalone(Haliotis discus hannai Ino) with FeSO4·7H2O as iron source, ZnSO4·7H2O as zinc source and CuSO4·5H2O as copper source.The results of the present study are summarized as follows:
1.A one-factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of iron deficiency and overload on growth, metabolic responses and antioxidation in juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The juveniles (initial mean weight, 0.29±0.00g; initial mean shell length, 13.05±0.02mm) were divided into four triplicate groups, and fed on one of the four semi-purified diets containing 29.7(deficiency), 65.7 (control), 1267.2 (overload), 6264.7 (overload) mg iron/kg dry diet, respectively, for 28 weeks in a flow-through system.The results showed that there were no significant difference in the survival of abalone among four dietary treatments (P>0.05). The average weight gain rate (WGR, %) and daily increment in shell length (DISL) were significantly increased with rising content of dietary iron (P<0.05) and reached the highest value in in 1267.2 and 6264.7 mg iron /kg diet treatments. Dietary iron significantly elevated the soft body protein content, however, significantly decreased the lipid content (P<0.05). Iron concentrations in muscle, hepatopancreas, serum and shell of abalone significantly increased with the dietary iron, however, copper, manganese and zinc concentrations in these tissues significantly decreased with the dietary iron (P<0.05). The activities of serum and hepatopancres acid phosphatase (ACP) and hepatopancres alkaline phosphatase (AKP) significantly decreased with the increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05).The activities of serum superoxide dimutase (SOD)and hepatopancres Catalase (CAT) and hepatopancres total anti-oxidation competence (T-AOC) increased then decreased with the increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05). The lowest values of SOD, CAT activities and T-AOC were found in the treatment with 6264.7 mg/kg dietary iron.The malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration of the test diets increased as the iron levels in the diets increased indicating that iron catalyzed lipid oxidation was occurring. The treatment of highest iron level had the highest level of MDA in hepatopancreas. The VE levels of diet and hepatopancreas decreased with increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05). According to these results, the abalone fed with diets of high iron level (1267.2 and 6264.7 mg/kg) kept better growth at the end of the experiments. But high iron catalyzed lipid oxidation in diet and tissue and increased tissue oxidative stress indicated that high dietary iron affected the healthy of the abalone.
2. A two-factorial experiment was conducted to determine iron and zinc interaction on growth, metabolic responses and antioxidant in juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai (average weight0.29±0.00g ; average shell length 13.05±0.02mm). Totally nine semi-purified diets were made to provide graded levels of iron(0, 65, 1300 mg/kg, supplied as FeSO4·7H2O)and zinc(0, 35, 700 mg/kg, supplied as ZnSO4·7H2O). Each treatment were triplicate. .The experimental period lasted 28 weeks in a flow-through systems. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the survival rate(>97.50%, P>0.05) of juvenile abalone in the feeding trial. 1300 mg iron /kg diet treatments significantly improved the growth performance of abalone, and dietary iron significantly elevated the soft body protein content, though the lipid content of abalones were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The interaction of Fe and Zn to the soft body lipid content was significant (P<0.05). The iron concentration of abalone body tissues(including hepatopancreas, muscle, serum and shell) decreased and the zinc concentration increased with the uprising dietary zinc treatments, when dietary iron level was invariable. However, when dietary zinc level was invariable ,the iron concentration of abalone body tissues significantly increased and the zinc concentration of tissues fluctuated by the treatment of increase dietary iron level. The concentration of abalone tissues iron (zinc) significantly decreased when the dietary zinc (iron) levels was highest(P<0.05 ). Iron and zinc had obviously interactions on the activities of serum acid phosphatase(ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and hepatopancreas ACP and tissue metal concentrations (the Fe and Zn concentration of hepatopancreas, the Fe level of muscle, and the Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations of serum)(P<0.05 ). The activities of hepatopancres Catalase (CAT) and total anti-oxidation competence (T-AOC) have a up and down trend along with the increasing dietary content of iron (P<0.05). There were significant interactions between iron and zinc on the activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hepatopancreas CAT (P<0.05 ). The malonaldehyde (MDA) levels of diet was significantly increased by the dietary iron supplement(P<0.05), however, the iron supplement decreased the VE levels of diet and hepatopancreas (P<0.05). And the dietary ion did not have interactions on the serum SOD and hepatopancreas CAT (P<0.05).
3. Iron and copper are essential micronutrients for aquatic animals health. The abalone( Haliotis discus hannai ino) juveniles (initial weight 0.33±0.00 g, initial shell length 13.54±0.04 mm) were fed nine experimental diets containing 0, 65, 1300 mg iron /kg (supplied as FeSO4·7H2O), combined with 0, 4, 80 mg copper /kg dry diet (supplied as CuSO4·7H2O), in order to elucidate the interaction between iron and copper on growth, metabolic responses and antioxidation in abalone( Haliotis discus hanni ino). Each treatment had three replicates.The experimental period lasted 28 weeks in a flow-through systems. 1300 mg iron /kg diet treatments significantly improved the growth performance of abalone, and dietary iron significantly elevated the soft body protein content, though the lipid content of abalones were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The iron concentrations of hepatopancreas, muscle and serum were higher than 1.80 copper mg/kg when dietary copper was 4.24 mg/kg and dietary iron was 0 and 65 mg/kg, therefore this indicated copper increased iron absoption when dietary iron was lower. The concentration of abalone tissues iron (copper) significantly decreased when the dietary copper (iron) levels was highest (P<0.05 ). Iron and copper had interactions on the activities of serum and hepatopancreas acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tissue metal concentrations (the Fe, Cu,Zn and Mn concentrations of hepatopancreas, the Mn level of muscle, and the Fe, Zn and Mn concentrations of serum)(P<0.05). The activities of hepatopancres Catalase (CAT) and hepatopancres total anti-oxidation competence (T-AOC) increased then decreased with the with increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05). There were significant interactions between iron and zinc on the activities of serum and hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hepatopancreas CAT (P<0.05 ).The malonaldehyde (MDA) levels of diet increased with increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05), however the VE levels of diet and hepatopancreas decreaed with increasing of dietary content of iron(P<0.05). There were significant interactions between Fe and Zn on the activities of serum SOD and hepatopancreas SOD and CAT (P<0.05).
引文
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