长波段掺铒光纤超荧光光源研究
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摘要
掺铒光纤超荧光光源(SFS)由于其优异的特性已经广泛应用于密集波分复用系统、光纤传感系统和光纤陀螺中。特别地,掺铒SFS是高精度光纤陀螺的首选光源之一。过去十几年中,人们研究了基于C波段(1525-1565nm)放大自发辐射的掺铒SFS,通过结构的合理设计与参数优化,获得了稳定的平均波长输出特性。然而,C波段的SFS由于自然荧光谱的尖峰结构导致超荧光线宽过窄,必须通过设计线宽扩展方案来获得较大线宽的超荧光。L波段(1565-1605nm)的掺铒SFS具有更平坦的输出光谱,L波段的自然荧光谱在40nm范围具有内在的平坦性,光谱纹波一般不会超过1dB,因此其相应线宽也较C波段宽,较大的光源线宽可以减少光纤陀螺系统相干噪声、光纤瑞利散射引起的位相噪声以及光克而效应引起的位相漂移,因此L波段SFS更适合作为高精度光纤陀螺的理想光源。据文献调研,迄今为止的研究都没有报道具有平均波长稳定特性的L波段SFS。本文正是以平均波长稳定的L波段SFS为研究目标,拟通过设计新型光源结构,使L波段SFS中心波长具有高的稳定性,与此同时还将考虑将L波段SFS线宽的拓展特性。当然,光纤通信业务的飞速发展对带宽的要求使得本论文研究的高效率线宽拓展的L波段SFS在密集波分复用系统中也将得到很好的应用。
本文的工作主要包括以下三个部分:
首先,以传统的两级级联前向抽运结构为研究目标,通过光源结构的优化设计,使得L波段SFS输出功率得到有效的提高以及线宽得到有效的拓展。提出一种同步抽运技术,克服两级独立抽运引起的平均波长的飘动。在此基础上,发展了基于一段非抽运光纤的单前向抽运结构的稳定L波段SFS。
其次,对具有高抽运转换效率的单级双向抽运结构进行研究,采用同步抽运技术获得平均波长随总抽运功率飘动稳定的L波段SFS。针对单级双向抽运的L波段SFS在线宽上的可调性较差的不足,提出了基于一段非抽运光纤的改进型双向同步抽运结构的L波段SFS。
第三,创新性地提出一种采用后向抽运的两级级联的掺铒光纤L波段SFS的新型结构,运用同步抽运技术对两级掺铒光纤按比例进行同时后向抽运,从而实现高效率且平均波长稳定的L波段SFS输出。在此基础上,发展了基于一段非抽运光纤的单后向抽运结构,我们讨论了非抽运光纤对光源输出特性的影响,通过分析和研究,获得了单抽运结构的新型L波段稳定SFS。
本论文以福建省新世纪人才项目和福建省自然科学基金等项目为研究背景,论文的研究成果为顺利完成这些项目起到了重要作用。
本文创新点和特色:
1.在国际上首次提出并实现利用掺铒光纤中放大自发辐射获得具有平均波长稳定特性的L波段超荧光光源,L波段的SFS具有光谱平坦度好、光谱输出线宽大、输出功率高等优点,是应用于高精度光纤陀螺的理想光源。
2.创新性地提出一种采用后向抽运的两级级联的掺铒光纤L波段SFS的新型结构,运用同步抽运技术对两级掺铒光纤按比例进行同时后向抽运,从而实现高效率且平均波长稳定的L波段SFS输出。
3.基于非抽运光纤的改进型单抽运结构(单前向和单后向)实现高稳定的L波段SFS,克服了同步抽运结构带来的结构复杂以及较为严格的结构参数要求,从而使得L波段SFS应用于高精度光纤陀螺向实用化发展迈进。
Erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) has been widely used in dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, optical sensor systems and fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG) for its excellent characteristics. In particular, the erbium-doped SFS is the best choice for the source of high precious FOG. In the past decades, the conventional band (C-band, 1525-1565nm) SFS based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) has been intensity researched. The mean wavelength stable SFS was achieved by designing the source configuration and optimizing the structural parameters. However, the scheme to broaden the spectral linewidth should be taken into account in the C-band SFS because the linewidth in C-band is narrow for the reason of the intrinsic peak spectrum around 1532nm.
The long wavelength band (L-band, 1565-1605nm) SFS has the advantage of much more flat output spectrum. The spectrum is intrinsically flat about 40nm in the L-band with less than 1dB ripples. Therefore, the spectral linewidth in the L-band is much broader than the C-band. As been well known, the coherent noise, phase noise caused by the Rayleigh scattering, and phase drift caused by Kerr effect can be reduced by use of the source with broader linewidth in the FOG. Therefore, the L-band SFS is more suitable for application in the high precious FOG than the C-band SFS for the advantage of broader linewidth. However, there are no reports on the mean wavelength stable L-band SFS up to date to the best of our knowledge. It is the goad of this thesis to develop the mean wavelength stable L-band SFS. The configurations have been designed to achieve the L-band SFS with the characteristics of mean wavelength stability and broadening spectral linewidth as well. The high efficiency and linewidth broadening L-band SFS is also useful in the DWDM systems applications with the requirement of linewidth in rapid development of fiber optics communication.
This thesis includes the following three parts:
Firstly, the characteristics of output power was improved and the linewidth was broadened by designing and optimizing the conventional cascaded forward pumped two-stage L-band SFS configuration. A kind of synchronous pump technique was proposed to avoid the mean wavelength vibration caused by the individual pump to the two stages. Furthermore, a new single forward pumped L-band SFS with a segment of un-pumped fiber was developed to obtain the mean wavelength stability.
Secondly, the high efficiency bi-directionally pumped one-stage L-band SFS was investigated. The mean wavelength stable L-band SFS was achieved with the usage of synchronous pump technique in the bi-directionally pumped configuration. An improved bi-directionally pumped configuration with a segment un-pumped fiber was proposed and demonstrated to improve the tenability of linewidth.
Thirdly, a novel cascaded backward pumped two-stage L-band SFS was presented and realized for the first time. Characteristics of high pumping efficiency and mean wavelength stability was achieved in the proposed cascaded backward pumped L-band SFS with the usage of synchronous pump technique. Furthermore, a new single backward pumped stable L-band SFS with a segment of un-pumped fiber was developed. Analysis of the effect of the un-pumped fiber on the output characteristics was carried out to achieve a practical mean wavelength stable L-band SFS with one pump.
The Background of this thesis includes a fund of New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University and a project of Fujian Provincial National Science Foundation of China. The research achievements of this thesis partially contributed to fulfill these projects successfully.
The innovation points and highlights of this thesis include:
1. It has been put forward and realized for the first time that mean wavelength stable L-band SFS based on amplified spontaneous emission in erbium-doped fiber. The L-band SFS is a good candidate for the source used in the FOG since it poccesses the characteristics of good spectral flatness, broad spectral linewidth and high output power.
2. A novel cascaded backward pumped two-stage L-band SFS was presented and realized for the first time. Characteristics of high pumping efficiency and mean wavelength stability was achieved in the proposed cascaded backward pumped L-band SFS with the usage of synchronous pump technique.
3. The high mean wavelength stable L-band SFS with one pump, i.e. improved single forward or backward pumped configuration with an un-pumped fiber, was proposed. The single pumped stable L-band SFS is superiors to the synchronous pumping technique in the aspects on avoiding the complicated configuration and rigorous requirement of structural parameters. As a results, it makes much practical progress of the L-band SFS used in the high precious FOG.
本文的工作主要包括以下三个部分:
首先,以传统的两级级联前向抽运结构为研究目标,通过光源结构的优化设计,使得L波段SFS输出功率得到有效的提高以及线宽得到有效的拓展。提出一种同步抽运技术,克服两级独立抽运引起的平均波长的飘动。在此基础上,发展了基于一段非抽运光纤的单前向抽运结构的稳定L波段SFS。
其次,对具有高抽运转换效率的单级双向抽运结构进行研究,采用同步抽运技术获得平均波长随总抽运功率飘动稳定的L波段SFS。针对单级双向抽运的L波段SFS在线宽上的可调性较差的不足,提出了基于一段非抽运光纤的改进型双向同步抽运结构的L波段SFS。
第三,创新性地提出一种采用后向抽运的两级级联的掺铒光纤L波段SFS的新型结构,运用同步抽运技术对两级掺铒光纤按比例进行同时后向抽运,从而实现高效率且平均波长稳定的L波段SFS输出。在此基础上,发展了基于一段非抽运光纤的单后向抽运结构,我们讨论了非抽运光纤对光源输出特性的影响,通过分析和研究,获得了单抽运结构的新型L波段稳定SFS。
本论文以福建省新世纪人才项目和福建省自然科学基金等项目为研究背景,论文的研究成果为顺利完成这些项目起到了重要作用。
本文创新点和特色:
1.在国际上首次提出并实现利用掺铒光纤中放大自发辐射获得具有平均波长稳定特性的L波段超荧光光源,L波段的SFS具有光谱平坦度好、光谱输出线宽大、输出功率高等优点,是应用于高精度光纤陀螺的理想光源。
2.创新性地提出一种采用后向抽运的两级级联的掺铒光纤L波段SFS的新型结构,运用同步抽运技术对两级掺铒光纤按比例进行同时后向抽运,从而实现高效率且平均波长稳定的L波段SFS输出。
3.基于非抽运光纤的改进型单抽运结构(单前向和单后向)实现高稳定的L波段SFS,克服了同步抽运结构带来的结构复杂以及较为严格的结构参数要求,从而使得L波段SFS应用于高精度光纤陀螺向实用化发展迈进。
Erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) has been widely used in dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, optical sensor systems and fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG) for its excellent characteristics. In particular, the erbium-doped SFS is the best choice for the source of high precious FOG. In the past decades, the conventional band (C-band, 1525-1565nm) SFS based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) has been intensity researched. The mean wavelength stable SFS was achieved by designing the source configuration and optimizing the structural parameters. However, the scheme to broaden the spectral linewidth should be taken into account in the C-band SFS because the linewidth in C-band is narrow for the reason of the intrinsic peak spectrum around 1532nm.
The long wavelength band (L-band, 1565-1605nm) SFS has the advantage of much more flat output spectrum. The spectrum is intrinsically flat about 40nm in the L-band with less than 1dB ripples. Therefore, the spectral linewidth in the L-band is much broader than the C-band. As been well known, the coherent noise, phase noise caused by the Rayleigh scattering, and phase drift caused by Kerr effect can be reduced by use of the source with broader linewidth in the FOG. Therefore, the L-band SFS is more suitable for application in the high precious FOG than the C-band SFS for the advantage of broader linewidth. However, there are no reports on the mean wavelength stable L-band SFS up to date to the best of our knowledge. It is the goad of this thesis to develop the mean wavelength stable L-band SFS. The configurations have been designed to achieve the L-band SFS with the characteristics of mean wavelength stability and broadening spectral linewidth as well. The high efficiency and linewidth broadening L-band SFS is also useful in the DWDM systems applications with the requirement of linewidth in rapid development of fiber optics communication.
This thesis includes the following three parts:
Firstly, the characteristics of output power was improved and the linewidth was broadened by designing and optimizing the conventional cascaded forward pumped two-stage L-band SFS configuration. A kind of synchronous pump technique was proposed to avoid the mean wavelength vibration caused by the individual pump to the two stages. Furthermore, a new single forward pumped L-band SFS with a segment of un-pumped fiber was developed to obtain the mean wavelength stability.
Secondly, the high efficiency bi-directionally pumped one-stage L-band SFS was investigated. The mean wavelength stable L-band SFS was achieved with the usage of synchronous pump technique in the bi-directionally pumped configuration. An improved bi-directionally pumped configuration with a segment un-pumped fiber was proposed and demonstrated to improve the tenability of linewidth.
Thirdly, a novel cascaded backward pumped two-stage L-band SFS was presented and realized for the first time. Characteristics of high pumping efficiency and mean wavelength stability was achieved in the proposed cascaded backward pumped L-band SFS with the usage of synchronous pump technique. Furthermore, a new single backward pumped stable L-band SFS with a segment of un-pumped fiber was developed. Analysis of the effect of the un-pumped fiber on the output characteristics was carried out to achieve a practical mean wavelength stable L-band SFS with one pump.
The Background of this thesis includes a fund of New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University and a project of Fujian Provincial National Science Foundation of China. The research achievements of this thesis partially contributed to fulfill these projects successfully.
The innovation points and highlights of this thesis include:
1. It has been put forward and realized for the first time that mean wavelength stable L-band SFS based on amplified spontaneous emission in erbium-doped fiber. The L-band SFS is a good candidate for the source used in the FOG since it poccesses the characteristics of good spectral flatness, broad spectral linewidth and high output power.
2. A novel cascaded backward pumped two-stage L-band SFS was presented and realized for the first time. Characteristics of high pumping efficiency and mean wavelength stability was achieved in the proposed cascaded backward pumped L-band SFS with the usage of synchronous pump technique.
3. The high mean wavelength stable L-band SFS with one pump, i.e. improved single forward or backward pumped configuration with an un-pumped fiber, was proposed. The single pumped stable L-band SFS is superiors to the synchronous pumping technique in the aspects on avoiding the complicated configuration and rigorous requirement of structural parameters. As a results, it makes much practical progress of the L-band SFS used in the high precious FOG.
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