城市轨道交通再生制动能量回收系统研究
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摘要
城市轨道交通作为一种运量大、速度快、空间利用合理、污染少、舒适性好的交通工具,有效缓解大中型城市乘车难、环境污染及交通拥堵等问题,近年来我国也开始大力发展城市轻轨和地铁,本文主要以地铁为研究对象。城市轨道交通站间距离短、运行密度高,机车频繁制动时产生相当可观的再生能量,将产生的能量得以利用,不仅节约能源、保护环境同时降低电压利于机车安全运行。再生制动产生的能量得以利用是本文研究的重点,提出逆变-电阻混合型再生制动能量吸收方案。本课题以建立地铁再生制动及能量吸收仿真平台为目的,利用仿真软件建立机车运行制动模型、能量逆变并网模型及混合型能量吸收模型。
首先,分析和总结几种城市轨道交通车辆制动方案的优缺点,重点研究馈能型再生制动方案的基本原理及主要技术问题,提出逆变-电阻混合型再生制动能量吸收方案。
其次,基于24脉波整流器的理论,建立仿真模型和设计合理变压器参数。基于地铁机车运行原理,完成交流机车供电主体方案,建立旋转坐标变换、异步电机的数学模型和转子磁链方程,确立SVPWM矢量控制为牵引电机的控制策略,运用MATLAB/Simulink搭建主电路和控制回路,对机车牵引和制动工况进行仿真分析。
然后,根据地铁能量吸收的逆变并网的基本原理,完成逆变并网系统的主电路设计,使其回馈至地铁站用电380V动照系统。逆变并网主电路采用PWM型逆变器,输出侧接LCL有源阻尼滤波器,控制系统回路采用经典双环内电流外电压的PI控制,设计PI参数及LCL滤波器参数,建立PLL锁相环仿真模型。
最后,基于电阻制动原理,结合逆变并网一电阻制动方案进行建模、仿真分析,并对再生制动产生功率及电流进行粗略的计算。
As a large capacity, fast speed, less pollution and comfortable transportation, urban rail transit effectively alleviate the transportation pressure of the large and medium-sized city, environmental pollution and traffic congestion. In recent years, China began to develop the light rait transit and subway。The subway stations has shorter distance and locomotive has high density running. During locomotive frequently braking, it produced considerable regeneration energy. Reasonable utilization of the regeneration energy not only save energy, protect environment but also reduce the voltage grade for the locomotive's safety operation. This paper is the focus on utilization of the regeneration energy, and The inverter-resistance hybrid method is proposed. This topic is purposed to build Metro regenerative braking and energy absorption simulation platform, and establish the locomotive braking model and inverter-resistance hybrid energy absorption model by simulation software.
Firstly, the urban rail transit power supply system has been introduced. Several vehicle braking scheme has been summarized and analyzed for their advantages and disadvantages. The inverter-resistance hybrid of regenerative braking energy absorption solution has been purposed.
Secondly, based on the theory of24pulses rectifier, simulation model was built and the parameters of the transformer was reasonable designed. Based on the principle of subway locomotive operation, AC locomotive power supply scheme was established. SVPWM was designed as the control strategy of traction motor. The main circuit and control circuit was built by MATLAB/Simulink for analyzing the locomotive traction and braking process.
Then, according to the basic principle of inverter and grid-connected, the main circuit was designed and the energy feedback to380V power system. The classical PI double-loop control was established for control system. The parameters of LCL filter and PI were designed and PLL simulation model was built.
Finally, combined with inverter and resistance braking scheme, the model was built analyze and the power and current of regenerative braking was computed.
首先,分析和总结几种城市轨道交通车辆制动方案的优缺点,重点研究馈能型再生制动方案的基本原理及主要技术问题,提出逆变-电阻混合型再生制动能量吸收方案。
其次,基于24脉波整流器的理论,建立仿真模型和设计合理变压器参数。基于地铁机车运行原理,完成交流机车供电主体方案,建立旋转坐标变换、异步电机的数学模型和转子磁链方程,确立SVPWM矢量控制为牵引电机的控制策略,运用MATLAB/Simulink搭建主电路和控制回路,对机车牵引和制动工况进行仿真分析。
然后,根据地铁能量吸收的逆变并网的基本原理,完成逆变并网系统的主电路设计,使其回馈至地铁站用电380V动照系统。逆变并网主电路采用PWM型逆变器,输出侧接LCL有源阻尼滤波器,控制系统回路采用经典双环内电流外电压的PI控制,设计PI参数及LCL滤波器参数,建立PLL锁相环仿真模型。
最后,基于电阻制动原理,结合逆变并网一电阻制动方案进行建模、仿真分析,并对再生制动产生功率及电流进行粗略的计算。
As a large capacity, fast speed, less pollution and comfortable transportation, urban rail transit effectively alleviate the transportation pressure of the large and medium-sized city, environmental pollution and traffic congestion. In recent years, China began to develop the light rait transit and subway。The subway stations has shorter distance and locomotive has high density running. During locomotive frequently braking, it produced considerable regeneration energy. Reasonable utilization of the regeneration energy not only save energy, protect environment but also reduce the voltage grade for the locomotive's safety operation. This paper is the focus on utilization of the regeneration energy, and The inverter-resistance hybrid method is proposed. This topic is purposed to build Metro regenerative braking and energy absorption simulation platform, and establish the locomotive braking model and inverter-resistance hybrid energy absorption model by simulation software.
Firstly, the urban rail transit power supply system has been introduced. Several vehicle braking scheme has been summarized and analyzed for their advantages and disadvantages. The inverter-resistance hybrid of regenerative braking energy absorption solution has been purposed.
Secondly, based on the theory of24pulses rectifier, simulation model was built and the parameters of the transformer was reasonable designed. Based on the principle of subway locomotive operation, AC locomotive power supply scheme was established. SVPWM was designed as the control strategy of traction motor. The main circuit and control circuit was built by MATLAB/Simulink for analyzing the locomotive traction and braking process.
Then, according to the basic principle of inverter and grid-connected, the main circuit was designed and the energy feedback to380V power system. The classical PI double-loop control was established for control system. The parameters of LCL filter and PI were designed and PLL simulation model was built.
Finally, combined with inverter and resistance braking scheme, the model was built analyze and the power and current of regenerative braking was computed.
引文
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[32]苏祥伟.可并网新型能量再生回馈装置的研制[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[33]杜秀丽,黄琦,张吕华.基于微电网的并网逆变技术研究综述[J].浙江电力,2009,(4)：17-21.
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[35]Liserre M,Blaabjerg F.Hansen S.Design and control of an LCL-filter based three-phase active rectifier[C].Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE,2001,1:299-307.
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[37]张迎新,胡拂Active damping LCL滤波器在三相并网型逆变器中的设计与实现[J].电气自动化,2011,33(5)：24-28.
[38]赵仁德,赵强,李芳,王平.LCL滤波的并网变换器中阻尼电阻影响分析[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2009,21(6)：112-116.
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[41]刘飞,段善旭,查晓明.基于LCL滤波器的并网逆变器双环控制设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(12)：234-240.
[42]钟诚.微电网中并网逆变器控制策略研究[D].湖北工业大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[43]朱晓亮,胡雪峰,龚春英,陈新.空间矢量直接电流控制三相并网逆变器的研究[J].电力电子技术,2010,44(1)：23-25.
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[2]刘伟.基于超级电容的地铁再生制动能量存储利用研究.西南交通大学硕十学位论文,2011.
[3]王军,江平,杨海英.城市轨道交通制动能量逆变回馈系统研究[J].城市轨道交通研究.2007(12)：23-27.
[4]张文丽.城市轨道交通供电再生制动反馈能量利用仿真研究[D].西南交通大学硕十学位论文,2008.
[5]T.Koseki,Y.Okada,Y.Yonehata,et al.Innovative power supply system for regenerative trains,Computers in Railways IX,2004:931-939
[6]T.Suzuki,B.Tech.DC power-supply system with inverting substations for traction systems using regenerative brakes.IEE Proc.B,Vol.129,No.1,1982,1:18-26
[7]W.Spantny.Substations for the power supply to the Sao Paulo metro.Brown Boveri review, Dec.1978:840-847
[8]B.Liljeqvist.The use of voltage controlled thyristor converters in power supply for DC traction systems.Proceeding of the ASME/IEEE spring Joint Railroad Conference,1992:101-106
[9]许爱国.城市轨道交通供电再生制动能量利用技术研究[D].南京航空航天大学博十学位毕业论文.2009.
[10]黄德胜,张巍.地下铁道供电.中国电力出版社.2010年1月.
[11]王伟,张峰,皇甫小燕.地铁车辆异步电机矢量控制系统的研究[J].电力电子技术,2009(12)：16-18.
[12]于松伟,杨兴山,韩连祥,张巍.城市轨道交通供电系统设计原理与应用[M].西南交通大学出版社,2008年6月.
[13]王念同,魏雪亮.24脉波牵引整流变压器的连接组[J].变压器,2002,39(6)：9-12.
[14]韩瑾.24脉波牵引整流变压器的联结组的变换[J].变压器,2007,44(1)：5-8.
[15]王念同.24脉波移相牵引整流变压器网侧绕组研究[J].上海工程技术大学学报,2002,16(2)：118-122.
[16]朱鹏程,康勇,陈坚.异步电机直接转矩控制系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(1)：44-46.
[17]郭正平,艾红.异步电机的直接转矩控制仿真[J].北京信息科技大学学报,2012,27(3)：88-91.
[18]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术[M].机械工业出版社,1998.
[19]辜承林,陈乔夫等.电机学[M].华中科技大学出版社,2010.1.
[20]周顺荣.电机学[M].北京：科学出版社,2007.8.
[21]杜永红.轻轨车牵引电机矢量控制研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[22]陈立杨,周文卫.异步电机SVPWM矢量控制仿真与实现[J].电气传动自动化,2011,33(6)：11-16.
[23]余秋实,王秋晓.异步电机ISVPWM矢量控制仿真[J].机电工程,2010,27(1)：76-79.
[24]张春喜,廖文建,王佳子.异步电机SVPWM矢最控制仿真分析[J].电机与控制学报,2008,12(2)：160-164.
[25]王伟.上海地铁车辆异步电机牵引控制仿真系统的研究[D].上海交通大学硕十学位论文,2010.
[26]舒泽亮,丁娜,郭育华,连级三.基于SVPWM的STATCOM电压电流双环控制[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(9)：27-29.
[27]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[28]曲学基,曲敬铠,于明杨.逆变技术基础与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[29]汗飞.可再生能源并网逆变器的研制[D].浙江大学硕十学位论文,2005.
[30]Kusakawa M. Nagayoshi. Further improvement of a transformerless, voltage-boosting inverter for ac modules,Solar Energy Mater.Solar Cells,2001,8(3):379-387.
[31]林东栋.高频隔离式光伏并网逆变器的研制[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[32]苏祥伟.可并网新型能量再生回馈装置的研制[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[33]杜秀丽,黄琦,张吕华.基于微电网的并网逆变技术研究综述[J].浙江电力,2009,(4)：17-21.
[34]张宪平,李亚西,潘磊,等.三相电压型整流器的LCL型滤波器分析与设计[J].电气应用,2007,26(5)：65-67.
[35]Liserre M,Blaabjerg F.Hansen S.Design and control of an LCL-filter based three-phase active rectifier[C].Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE,2001,1:299-307.
[36]刘飞.三相并网逆变器LCL滤波器的参数设计与研究[J].电工技术学报,2010,26(3)：110-116.
[37]张迎新,胡拂Active damping LCL滤波器在三相并网型逆变器中的设计与实现[J].电气自动化,2011,33(5)：24-28.
[38]赵仁德,赵强,李芳,王平.LCL滤波的并网变换器中阻尼电阻影响分析[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2009,21(6)：112-116.
[39]许津铭,谢少军,肖华锋.LCL滤波器有源阻尼控制机制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(9)：27-33.
[40]王要强,吴凤江,孙力.并网变换器用LCL滤波器新型有源阻尼控制[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(5)：75-79.
[41]刘飞,段善旭,查晓明.基于LCL滤波器的并网逆变器双环控制设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(12)：234-240.
[42]钟诚.微电网中并网逆变器控制策略研究[D].湖北工业大学硕士学位论文,2011.
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