接触网定点监测系统的硬件设计
|
摘要
随着铁路系统的快速发展和列车行车速度的不断提高,行车安全的要求也越来越高。接触网是电气化铁路系统的重要组成部分,工作环境十分恶劣,故障率较高。如果接触网发生故障,其涉及到的铁路干线将受到很大的影响。针对这种情况,本文给出了基于图像处理技术的接触网故障监测系统的设计思路,并对装置的硬件设计做了详细的分析。
本课题的主要任务在于给出接触网故障监测系统的总体设计方案,并设计出相关的硬件平台。主要的监测对象包括：接触网腕臂的倾斜度、接触线张力、立杆及接触线现场状态、以及铁路沿线的气象信息。因此论文中给出的设计方案主要借助数字信号处理器(DSP)、AD转换芯片、红外摄像机、倾角传感器、拉力传感器、温度传感器、风向传感器、风速传感器和无线单片机通信模块等器件,来完成对接触线和支柱的状态信息的获取以及沿途气象信息的采集。当传感器采集到的数据达到设定的值,系统则启动红外摄像机,并捕获接触网的状态图像。经过图像处理后,根据图像的相似度来判定接触网故障与否。若相似度低于设定值,则通过通信模块发送监测报文。
课题的设计任务根据监测系统需要实现的功能来展开,而本论文的整体思路则以接触网故障监测系统的硬件设计为出发点。文章中以TMS320DM642为核心芯片,在完成最小系统的基础上,利用AM29LV320、MT48LC4M32B、SAA7113H、AD7656、TL16752B等芯片,进行系统外围电路扩展,从而完成存储器扩展、视频解码、图像处理、数据转换及通信方案设计等工作。论文中根据模块化思想,分析了各个模块的原理和具体的功能,并按照器件选型、原理分析、电路设计和硬件调试的顺序展开论述。
论文中对整体的原理图进行设计的同时,还进行了PCB设计,介绍了信号完整性的相关理论和HyperLynx仿真工具,并对所设计的PCB进行了相关的仿真。最后,论文根据集成开发环境CCS和DSP的开发过程,分析了系统的调试方法。
With the rapid development of railway system and train speed unceasing enhancement, the safety awareness and demand of driving are gradually improved. The overhead catenary is an important part of the railway system, and its fault rate is high as to the working environment. If an overhead contact line breaks down, the involved railway lines will be greatly affected. According to the problem, an idea for the designing a device for early warning the fault of overhead catenary,which is based on image processing technology, has been proposed in this paper.At the same time,the design of the hardware of the device has been analyzed detailedly.
The main task of this project is to propose the overall design scheme of the fault early warning device, and design the related hardware platform for it. The main monitoring objects including:catenary wrist arm lists, contact the tension, and made stem and contact wire site status, and the meteorological information along the railway. So the whole design scheme is mainly based on digital signal processor, Analog-to-Digital converter, the infrared camera, temperature sensors, wind sensors, tension sensor and wireless microcontroller and other chips to monitor the meteorological information and to acquire the image of contact lines and the pillars so as to monitor the catenary. Sensors are used to collect the data of temperature, tensile force, angle of inclination, wind direction and wind speed, etc. When some data reach or even exceed the setting value, the infrared camera will be launched and acquire an image automaticly.After processing and contrasting the images, the device could get the similarity of two images. If the similarity is lower than the setting value, warning messages will be sent through the communication module. The aim of the early warning device is to monitor the catenary, especially to monitor the potential fault exist or not of the contact lines and pillars or even broke down, so as to improve the safety of driving.
According to the function of early warning device to carry out the design, and this design project focuses on data collection and image processing module. And the starting point of the paper is to design the hardware of failure warning device in catenaries. TMS320DM642 chip is the core processor for the design, and based on the minimum system, the peripheral circuit has been designed according to the chips such as AM29LV320, MT48LC4M32B, SAA7113H, AD7656, and TL16752B and so on. According to the modular idea, the principle and specific functions of each module have been analyzed. Each part has been analyzed seriously in this paper according to the sequence of selecting devices, analyzing the principle, designing the whole circuit and debugging the hardware.
Both of the principle diagram and PCB are designed in the paper. At the same time, the related theories of the signal integrity and the HyperLynx simulation tools have been introduced briefly. At the end of this thesis, integrated development environment CCS and the development process of DSP have been analyzed, and the methods of debugging also have been analyzed.
本课题的主要任务在于给出接触网故障监测系统的总体设计方案,并设计出相关的硬件平台。主要的监测对象包括：接触网腕臂的倾斜度、接触线张力、立杆及接触线现场状态、以及铁路沿线的气象信息。因此论文中给出的设计方案主要借助数字信号处理器(DSP)、AD转换芯片、红外摄像机、倾角传感器、拉力传感器、温度传感器、风向传感器、风速传感器和无线单片机通信模块等器件,来完成对接触线和支柱的状态信息的获取以及沿途气象信息的采集。当传感器采集到的数据达到设定的值,系统则启动红外摄像机,并捕获接触网的状态图像。经过图像处理后,根据图像的相似度来判定接触网故障与否。若相似度低于设定值,则通过通信模块发送监测报文。
课题的设计任务根据监测系统需要实现的功能来展开,而本论文的整体思路则以接触网故障监测系统的硬件设计为出发点。文章中以TMS320DM642为核心芯片,在完成最小系统的基础上,利用AM29LV320、MT48LC4M32B、SAA7113H、AD7656、TL16752B等芯片,进行系统外围电路扩展,从而完成存储器扩展、视频解码、图像处理、数据转换及通信方案设计等工作。论文中根据模块化思想,分析了各个模块的原理和具体的功能,并按照器件选型、原理分析、电路设计和硬件调试的顺序展开论述。
论文中对整体的原理图进行设计的同时,还进行了PCB设计,介绍了信号完整性的相关理论和HyperLynx仿真工具,并对所设计的PCB进行了相关的仿真。最后,论文根据集成开发环境CCS和DSP的开发过程,分析了系统的调试方法。
With the rapid development of railway system and train speed unceasing enhancement, the safety awareness and demand of driving are gradually improved. The overhead catenary is an important part of the railway system, and its fault rate is high as to the working environment. If an overhead contact line breaks down, the involved railway lines will be greatly affected. According to the problem, an idea for the designing a device for early warning the fault of overhead catenary,which is based on image processing technology, has been proposed in this paper.At the same time,the design of the hardware of the device has been analyzed detailedly.
The main task of this project is to propose the overall design scheme of the fault early warning device, and design the related hardware platform for it. The main monitoring objects including:catenary wrist arm lists, contact the tension, and made stem and contact wire site status, and the meteorological information along the railway. So the whole design scheme is mainly based on digital signal processor, Analog-to-Digital converter, the infrared camera, temperature sensors, wind sensors, tension sensor and wireless microcontroller and other chips to monitor the meteorological information and to acquire the image of contact lines and the pillars so as to monitor the catenary. Sensors are used to collect the data of temperature, tensile force, angle of inclination, wind direction and wind speed, etc. When some data reach or even exceed the setting value, the infrared camera will be launched and acquire an image automaticly.After processing and contrasting the images, the device could get the similarity of two images. If the similarity is lower than the setting value, warning messages will be sent through the communication module. The aim of the early warning device is to monitor the catenary, especially to monitor the potential fault exist or not of the contact lines and pillars or even broke down, so as to improve the safety of driving.
According to the function of early warning device to carry out the design, and this design project focuses on data collection and image processing module. And the starting point of the paper is to design the hardware of failure warning device in catenaries. TMS320DM642 chip is the core processor for the design, and based on the minimum system, the peripheral circuit has been designed according to the chips such as AM29LV320, MT48LC4M32B, SAA7113H, AD7656, and TL16752B and so on. According to the modular idea, the principle and specific functions of each module have been analyzed. Each part has been analyzed seriously in this paper according to the sequence of selecting devices, analyzing the principle, designing the whole circuit and debugging the hardware.
Both of the principle diagram and PCB are designed in the paper. At the same time, the related theories of the signal integrity and the HyperLynx simulation tools have been introduced briefly. At the end of this thesis, integrated development environment CCS and the development process of DSP have been analyzed, and the methods of debugging also have been analyzed.
引文
[1]李涛.浅谈接触网支柱折断故障预抢方案[J].西铁科技.2008年第2期：27-29
[2]于万聚.接触网设计及检测原理[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995：45-58
[3]赵望达.高速铁路安全监控和信息传输系统的研究[J].中国铁路.2004年第8期：21-22
[4]高英维.牵引供电系统接触网常见故障分析及对策[J].铁道建筑技术.2009第2期：112-114
[5]冯敬然.高速铁路安全监控系统[J].铁道通信信号.2001年37卷第5期：6-10
[6]张春娇.高速铁路气象监测系统的设计[D].武汉理工大学,2010.5：36-37
[7]蔡学敬.基于图像处理的高速接触网动态检测系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2008.6：4-8
[8]牛大鹏.非接触式接触网几何参数检测系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2008.4：6-12
[9]乔立升.基于图像处理技术的接触线振荡检测系统的设计及实现[D].西南交通大学,2009,5：21-24
[10]刘圣辉.铁路电气化在接触网监测方面的方案研究[J].黑龙江科技信息.2010年第20期：275-276
[11]赵楠.青藏铁路运输组织及灾害事故监控系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2004.3：12-15
[12]张海燕,李家稳,曾学贵等.高速铁路事故预防措施的研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2002年第1期：56-59
[13]孟祥奎,吴积钦.受电弓和接触网运行状态定点监测装置[J].电气化铁道.2010年第2期：32-34
[14]黄健煜.高速接触网参数检测系统的设计与实现[D].西南交通大学,2003.5：28-36
[15]TMS320DM642 Hardware Designer's Resource Guide. TI. SPRAA51.2004:12-29
[16]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP EMIF Reference Guide.SPRU266E. February 2006. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru266e/spru266e.pdf
[17]TMS320DM642 Digital Media Processor. http://www.ti.com pages:12～37
[18]Analog Devices.AD7658/AD7657/AD7656 Data Manual.2003:12～28
[19]SAA7113H 9-bit video input processor. Data Sheet. Philips, Jul 01.1999:8-24
[20]Simultaneous Sampling, High Speed,16-bit ADC, http://www.analog.com
[21]TMS320DM643x DMP Asynchronous External Memory Interface User's Guide, August 2007, http://www.ti.com
[22]Texas Instruments. TL16C752B. http://www.ti.com/
[23]Texas Instruments. PLL1708. http://www.ti.com/
[24]AD7656 datasheet, http://www.analog.com/
[25]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Chip Support Library API Reference Guide.2004:20～24
[26]Texas Instruments. DSP/BIOS Driver Developer's Guide.2002:35～47
[27]SEED Electronic Technology. SEED VPM642.2005
[28]Texas Instruments. The TMS320DM642 Video Port Mini-Driver.2003:55～59
[29]邱庆伟.高速铁路通信电源施工技术[J].中国高新技术企业.2010年第18期：85-87
[30]李忠实.风光互补发电控制系统不同负载对蓄电池控制电压的影响[D].天津大学,2005,12：8-12
[31]康洪波,陈忠梅,郭强.通信基站风光互补发电系统的设计和研究[J].河北建筑工程学院学报2010年第1期：73-76
[32]赵建涛.基于DM642的实时图像传输性能分析和方案设计及实现[D].河北工业大学,2006.12：22-34
[33]陆艮峰.嵌入式多CPU视频监控系统硬件设计与实现[D].西南交通大学,2009.5：65-77
[34]王建元.DSP原理与应用入门学习及实践指导[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008：145-168
[35]胡伟.基于TMS320DM642的视频处理系统硬件设计[D].北京化工大学,2006.6：35-48
[36]刘向宇.DSP嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009：47-59
[37]聂飞.基于DSP的视频图像硬件系统研究[D].电子科技大学,2004.1：37-42
[38]王跃宗,刘京会TMS320DM642 DSP应用系统设计与开发[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009：62-85
[39]赵燕丽.基于TMS320DM642的视频监控系统的硬件研究与设计[D].西南交通大学,2006.4：18-34
[40]周鹏.基于DSP的视频监控系统[D].西北工业大学,2003.9：42-48
[41]于军,王庆伟等.数字信号处理器与高速ADC接口模式研究[J].吉林化工学院学报.2003年第1期：61-63
[42]江思敏,刘畅TMS320C6000DSP应用开发教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005：60-85
[43]Texas Instruments. TL16C752B 3.3V DUAL UART With 64-Bit FIFO.2003:2～6
[44]Texas Instruments. TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-point Digital Sign-al Processor. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320DM642.pdf/
[45]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP Cache User's Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[46]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP EDMA Controller Reference Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[47]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide.2000:10～21
[48]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP McBSP Reference Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[49]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP PCI Reference Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[50]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP GPIO Reference Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[51]Texas Instruments. Processor Supervisory Circuits (Rev.E).pdf. Revised December 2002. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/svmlink/tps3823-33
[52]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP Designing for JTAG Emulation Reference Guide. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru641/spru641
[53]Texas Instruments.TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor.2005:20～48
[54]Am29LV320D Data Sheet July 2003. http://www.ic37.com/
[55]I2C总线规范..广州周立功单片机发展有限公司http://www.zlgmcu.com/
[56]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Module Reference Guide. SPRU175A.October,2002. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru175A/spru175A.
[57]潘翔鹤.基于DM642的智能视频监控系统的研究与开发[D].东华大学,2009.3：52-67
[58]冯志宇.基于信号完整性分析的高速PCB设计[D].电子科技大学,2004.5：32-43
[59]刘静.高速PCB设计中的信号完整性分析及仿真策略[J].国内外机电一体化技术,2009第4期：50-52
[60]张鹏飞.高速PCB信号完整性设计与分析[D].内蒙古大学,2010.9：12-27
[61]闫铁静.PCB信号完整性分析及硬件系统设计中的应用[D].厦门大学,2009.9：44-63
[62]周博远，于立新,褚军舰.IBIS建模和PCB信号完整性分析[J].微电子学与计算机.2010年第10期：111-113
[63]张东,李琼,秦前清.基于IBIS模型的仿真分析在SDRAM印刷电路板设计中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(理学版).2011第1期：
[64]骆新全,黄玲玲.电路仿真与PCB设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004：47-95
[65]张海风HyperLynx仿真与PCB设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005：80-120
[66]曾峰,巩海洪,曾波.印刷电路板(PCB)设计与制作(第2版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.8：128-143
[67]章圣焰.基于TMS320DM642的视频处理系统的硬件及驱动设计[D].上海交通大学,2009.11：48-62
[68]郑庆宁.基于DSP的嵌入式网络视频监控系统的研究及硬件设计[D].浙江大学,2007.11：32-46
[2]于万聚.接触网设计及检测原理[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995：45-58
[3]赵望达.高速铁路安全监控和信息传输系统的研究[J].中国铁路.2004年第8期：21-22
[4]高英维.牵引供电系统接触网常见故障分析及对策[J].铁道建筑技术.2009第2期：112-114
[5]冯敬然.高速铁路安全监控系统[J].铁道通信信号.2001年37卷第5期：6-10
[6]张春娇.高速铁路气象监测系统的设计[D].武汉理工大学,2010.5：36-37
[7]蔡学敬.基于图像处理的高速接触网动态检测系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2008.6：4-8
[8]牛大鹏.非接触式接触网几何参数检测系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2008.4：6-12
[9]乔立升.基于图像处理技术的接触线振荡检测系统的设计及实现[D].西南交通大学,2009,5：21-24
[10]刘圣辉.铁路电气化在接触网监测方面的方案研究[J].黑龙江科技信息.2010年第20期：275-276
[11]赵楠.青藏铁路运输组织及灾害事故监控系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2004.3：12-15
[12]张海燕,李家稳,曾学贵等.高速铁路事故预防措施的研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2002年第1期：56-59
[13]孟祥奎,吴积钦.受电弓和接触网运行状态定点监测装置[J].电气化铁道.2010年第2期：32-34
[14]黄健煜.高速接触网参数检测系统的设计与实现[D].西南交通大学,2003.5：28-36
[15]TMS320DM642 Hardware Designer's Resource Guide. TI. SPRAA51.2004:12-29
[16]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP EMIF Reference Guide.SPRU266E. February 2006. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru266e/spru266e.pdf
[17]TMS320DM642 Digital Media Processor. http://www.ti.com pages:12～37
[18]Analog Devices.AD7658/AD7657/AD7656 Data Manual.2003:12～28
[19]SAA7113H 9-bit video input processor. Data Sheet. Philips, Jul 01.1999:8-24
[20]Simultaneous Sampling, High Speed,16-bit ADC, http://www.analog.com
[21]TMS320DM643x DMP Asynchronous External Memory Interface User's Guide, August 2007, http://www.ti.com
[22]Texas Instruments. TL16C752B. http://www.ti.com/
[23]Texas Instruments. PLL1708. http://www.ti.com/
[24]AD7656 datasheet, http://www.analog.com/
[25]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Chip Support Library API Reference Guide.2004:20～24
[26]Texas Instruments. DSP/BIOS Driver Developer's Guide.2002:35～47
[27]SEED Electronic Technology. SEED VPM642.2005
[28]Texas Instruments. The TMS320DM642 Video Port Mini-Driver.2003:55～59
[29]邱庆伟.高速铁路通信电源施工技术[J].中国高新技术企业.2010年第18期：85-87
[30]李忠实.风光互补发电控制系统不同负载对蓄电池控制电压的影响[D].天津大学,2005,12：8-12
[31]康洪波,陈忠梅,郭强.通信基站风光互补发电系统的设计和研究[J].河北建筑工程学院学报2010年第1期：73-76
[32]赵建涛.基于DM642的实时图像传输性能分析和方案设计及实现[D].河北工业大学,2006.12：22-34
[33]陆艮峰.嵌入式多CPU视频监控系统硬件设计与实现[D].西南交通大学,2009.5：65-77
[34]王建元.DSP原理与应用入门学习及实践指导[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008：145-168
[35]胡伟.基于TMS320DM642的视频处理系统硬件设计[D].北京化工大学,2006.6：35-48
[36]刘向宇.DSP嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009：47-59
[37]聂飞.基于DSP的视频图像硬件系统研究[D].电子科技大学,2004.1：37-42
[38]王跃宗,刘京会TMS320DM642 DSP应用系统设计与开发[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009：62-85
[39]赵燕丽.基于TMS320DM642的视频监控系统的硬件研究与设计[D].西南交通大学,2006.4：18-34
[40]周鹏.基于DSP的视频监控系统[D].西北工业大学,2003.9：42-48
[41]于军,王庆伟等.数字信号处理器与高速ADC接口模式研究[J].吉林化工学院学报.2003年第1期：61-63
[42]江思敏,刘畅TMS320C6000DSP应用开发教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005：60-85
[43]Texas Instruments. TL16C752B 3.3V DUAL UART With 64-Bit FIFO.2003:2～6
[44]Texas Instruments. TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-point Digital Sign-al Processor. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320DM642.pdf/
[45]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP Cache User's Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[46]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP EDMA Controller Reference Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[47]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide.2000:10～21
[48]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP McBSP Reference Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[49]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP PCI Reference Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[50]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP GPIO Reference Guide. http://www.ti.com/
[51]Texas Instruments. Processor Supervisory Circuits (Rev.E).pdf. Revised December 2002. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/svmlink/tps3823-33
[52]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP Designing for JTAG Emulation Reference Guide. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru641/spru641
[53]Texas Instruments.TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor.2005:20～48
[54]Am29LV320D Data Sheet July 2003. http://www.ic37.com/
[55]I2C总线规范..广州周立功单片机发展有限公司http://www.zlgmcu.com/
[56]Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000DSP Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Module Reference Guide. SPRU175A.October,2002. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru175A/spru175A.
[57]潘翔鹤.基于DM642的智能视频监控系统的研究与开发[D].东华大学,2009.3：52-67
[58]冯志宇.基于信号完整性分析的高速PCB设计[D].电子科技大学,2004.5：32-43
[59]刘静.高速PCB设计中的信号完整性分析及仿真策略[J].国内外机电一体化技术,2009第4期：50-52
[60]张鹏飞.高速PCB信号完整性设计与分析[D].内蒙古大学,2010.9：12-27
[61]闫铁静.PCB信号完整性分析及硬件系统设计中的应用[D].厦门大学,2009.9：44-63
[62]周博远，于立新,褚军舰.IBIS建模和PCB信号完整性分析[J].微电子学与计算机.2010年第10期：111-113
[63]张东,李琼,秦前清.基于IBIS模型的仿真分析在SDRAM印刷电路板设计中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(理学版).2011第1期：
[64]骆新全,黄玲玲.电路仿真与PCB设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004：47-95
[65]张海风HyperLynx仿真与PCB设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005：80-120
[66]曾峰,巩海洪,曾波.印刷电路板(PCB)设计与制作(第2版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.8：128-143
[67]章圣焰.基于TMS320DM642的视频处理系统的硬件及驱动设计[D].上海交通大学,2009.11：48-62
[68]郑庆宁.基于DSP的嵌入式网络视频监控系统的研究及硬件设计[D].浙江大学,2007.11：32-46