摘要
本论文主要做了以下几个方面的工作:
1.将模拟退火算法和级联遗传算法相结合,提出了一种改进的混合级联遗传算法。可克服模拟退火算法收敛速度慢、级联遗传算法局部搜索能力差的缺点。
2.提出了一种基于遗传算法的OBSA 多小波预滤波器构造方法。根据图像分解和重构的不同目的选择适应度函数,在适当的约束条件下,实现图像多小波变换的自适应预滤波。
3.提出了一种基于遗传算法和OBSA 多小波的公开数字水印技术。根据不同的数字水印嵌入算法选择适应度函数,在适当的约束条件下, 对不同的图像,通过遗传算法方法,自适应地得到OBSA 多小波变换的前置滤波器,依据“奇偶法”、“替代法”嵌入数字水印。
4.提出对于“替代法”嵌入水印,选择的多小波基应有较好的能量聚集作用,为保证嵌入的水印具有不可感知性,被替代部分的能量越低越好。低频重构滤波器长度越长,频率扩散作用越好。
The paper has mainly done these aspects works as follow :
An improved hybrid cascaded genetic arithmetic is proposed. The shortcoming of slow convergence for SAGA and less capability of partial search of CGA is overcome. OBSA multiwavelet pre-filter based on genetic algorithms is proposed. In this method, the fitness functions were selected for the different purposes of image analysis and synthesis, which were used to construct the pre_filters of images for OBSA multiwavelet transform(MWT) in proper constrained condition. Two approachs to blind digital watermarking based on the DMWT and genetic algorithms are presented. One is “Even and odd algorithms”, and the other is “Replacement algorithms”. How to selected multiwavwlet for “replacement algorithm”embedding watermarking is discussed..
引文
[1] E.Koch and J. Zhao. Towards robust and hidden image copyright labeling [A]. In Proc.1995 IEEE Workshop on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing. IEEE, Neos Marmaras,Greece, Jun. 1995: 452~455
[2] J.-J.Quisquater, O.Bruyndonckx , and B.Macq. Spatial method for copyright labeling of digital images [A].In Proc. 1995 IEEE Workshop on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing, IEEE, Neos Marmaras, Greece, Jun. 1995: 456~459
[3] I.Pitas and T H.Kaskalis. Applying signatures on digital images [A]. In Proc. 1995 IEEE Workshop on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing, IEEE, Neos Marmaras, Greece,Jun. 1995: 460~463
[4] Tewfik A H. Data hiding for multimedia personalization, interaction and protection [J].IEEE Signal Processing Mag, 1997, (7): 41~44.
[5] Fabien A. P. Petitcolas, Ross J. Anderson and Markus G. Kuhn. Information hiding --a survey, Proceedings of the IEEE, July 1999, 87(7):1062--1078
[6] 彭信威,《中国货币史》,上海人民出版社,1962 年,第一版
[7] L.J.Cox, Matt L.Miller, The first 50 years of electronic watermarking, the Journal of Applied Signal Processing, 2002, Vol.2, pp:126-132
[8]A.Z.Tirkel, G.A.Rankin, R.G.van Schyndel, W.J.Ho, N.R.A.Mee and C.F.Osborne, Electronic water mark, in Dicta-93, (Macquarie University, Sydney),December 1993,pp.666-672
[9] 孙圣和、陆哲明,数字水印处理技术,电子学报,2000 年8 月,Vol.28,pp:201~205
[10] 牛夏牧、陆哲明、孙圣和,基于多分辨率的数字水印技术,电子学报,2000 年8月,Vol.28,No.8,pp:100~103
[11] 牛夏牧、陆哲明、孙圣和,彩色数字水印嵌入技术,电子学报,2000 年9月,Vol.28,No.9,pp:132~135
[13] Z.M.Lu and S.H.Sun, Digital Image Watermarking Technique on Vector Quantization. Electronics Letters.2000,36(4), pp:303-305
[14] Xia-mu Niu,Zhe-ming Lu and Sheng-he Sun. Digital Image Watermarking Based on Multiresolution. Electronics Letters.2000,36(13), pp:1108-1110
[15] NIU Xiamu, LU Zheming and SUN Shenghe Gray-Level Digital Image Watermarking of Still Image .Chinese Journal of Electronics .2000,9(3), pp:253-256
[16] 苏育挺、张春田,An Adaptive Video Watermarking , 全国第二届信息隐藏学术研讨会论文集,2000,pp:105~107
[17] 苏育挺、张春田,一种改进的、基于图象分块DCT 的信息隐藏算法, 全国第二届信息隐藏学术研讨会论文集,2000,pp:99~104
[18] 张良、张春田,适用于JPEG2000 的水印容错技术, 全国第四届信息隐藏学术研讨会论文集,2002,pp:168~173
[19] 宋玉洁、谭铁牛,Overview of watermarking for color image,全国第二届信息隐藏学术研讨会论文集,2000,pp:132~135
[20] Petitcolas F.A.P., Anderson R.J., Kuhn M.G. Information hiding -a survey. [A]InProceedings of the IEEE, 1999, 87(7):1062-1078.
[21] R.G.Van Schyndel, A.Z.Tirkel,et al. A digital watermark. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1994, 2:86-90.
[22] R.B.Wolfgang, E.J. Delp, A watermark for digital images. In:Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing,1996, 3:219-222.
[23] D.J.Fleet, D.J.Heeger, Embedding invisible information in color images. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing,1997, 1:532-535.
[24] Bender W, Gruhl D,Techniques for data hiding. [J] IBM System Journal, 1996, 35(4):313-336.
[25] Nikolaidis N,Pitas L. Robust image watermarking in the spatial domain. In: Signal Processing, 1998,66(3):385-403.
[26] L.J.K.O.Ruanaith. Phase Watermarking of Digital Images. Proc. Of ICIP,vo1.3 pp.239-242,1996.
[27] M.H.Hayers. The Reconstruction of a Multidimensional Sequence from the Phase or Magnitude of the FFT. IEEE Trans.on ASSP, No.4, pp.140-154,1992.
[28] E.Koch and J.Zhao. Toward Robust and Hidden Image Copyright Labeling. Nonlinear Signal Processing Workshop,Thessaloniki,Greece 1995.
[29] A.G.Bors and I.Pitas. Embedding Parametric Digital Signatures in Images. European Conference on Signal Processing, EUSIPC096,Trieste , Italy,1996.
[30] C.T.Hsu and J.L.Wu. Hidden Digital Watermarks in Images. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing,Vol.8,No. l,pp.58-68,1999.
[31] M.Barni,F.Bartolini, V.Cappellini, A.Piva. A DCT domain System for Robust Image Watermarking. Signal Processing. Vo1.66, No.3,pp.303-317,1998.
[32] I.J.Cox,Joe Kilian.J.,F.Thomson.Secure Spread Sprctrum Watermarking for Multimedia .IEEE Transactions on Image Pocessing. Vo1.8, No.l2 pp.1673-1687,December 1997.
[33] Cox I.J., Kilian J., Leighton T, et al. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for images, audio and video. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing, 1996, 3:243-246.
[34] Cox I.J., Kilian J., Leighton T., et al. A secure, robust watermark for multimedia. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'96), 1996:185-206.
[35] Boland F.M.,Ruanaidh J.K., Dowling W.J., Watermarking digital images for copyright protection. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing and Its Application, 1995, pp:326-330.
[36] Xia X.G,Boncelet C.G, Arce G.R., Wavelet transform based watermark for digital images. In: OPTICS EXPRESS, 1998, 3(12)pp:497-511.
[37] Wang.H.M.,Su.P.C,et al. Wavelet-based digital image watermarking. In: OPTICS EXPRESS 1998,3(12)pp:491-496.
[38] Wolfgang R.B., Podilchuk C.L, Delp E.J., Perceptual watermarks for digital images and video.In: Proceedings of the IEEE,1999, 87(7):1108-1126.
[39] Quan Yuan, et al. Blind watermarking method based on DWT middle frequency pair. In: Proc.of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME'02), 2002, pp:473-476.
[40] Jun Zhang, Nengchao Wang, Feng Xiong. Hiding a logo watermark into the multiwavelet domain using neural networks. In: Proceedings of 2002 14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence(ICTAI 2002),2002 pp:477-482.
[41] 张军,王能超,曹奎.一种基于多小波的盲的数字图像水印技术.小型微型计算机系统,2002,23 (2) : 148-152
[42] 张军,彭宏.基于均值模运算的多小波域水印技术.计算机工程与应用,2003, 17(14):96-98
[43]荀意远,陈晓鸥.基于CL 多小波的数字水印技术.中国图象图形学报,2003,8(A)(5):572-577
[44] Watson A.B., Yang G.Y, Solomon J. A., et al. Visibility of wavelet quantization noise. In:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1997, 6(8)pp:1164-1175.
[45] 庄怀宇,吴成柯,李云松.一种基于零树小波的盲图像水印算法.西安电子科技大学学报,2004, 31(4) pp:513-517
[46] 余胜生,朱峰,周敬利.一种小波域数字水印算法.计算机仿真,2004, 21(7)pp:57-59
[47] 于景霞,王秉中.一种自适应图像小波域数字水印嵌入方案.计算机工程与应用,2003,3(5)pp:83-85
[48] Mauro Banff, Franco Bartolini, Alessandro Piva. Improved Wavelet Based Watermarking Through Pixel Wise Masking. IEEE Trans On Image Processing,2001,10(5)pp:783-791
[49] Xiamu Niu ,Shenghe Sun. A New Wavelet-Based Digital Watermarking for Video. IEEE Trans On Image Processing, 2000,10 pp: 1--6
[50] 席裕庚、柴人佑、恽为民遗传算法综述[J] 控制理论与应用1996.12
[51] 刘大有等.遗传算法程序设计方法综述.计算机研究与发展,2001.3 8(2):213-222.
[52] 陈国良、王煦法等遗传算法及其应用[M]人民邮电出版社1996
[53] 张文修、梁怡遗传算法的数学基础[M]西安交通大学出版社2000.10
[54] Bertoni A,Dorigo M. Implicit Parallelism in Genetic Algorithms. Arti. Intell. 1993,61 pp:307-314
[55] 周明、孙树栋遗传算法原理及应用[M]国防工业版社1999
[56] 美Michalewicz Z 周家驹何险峰译演化程序—遗传算法和数据编码的结合[M]北京科学社2000.1
[57] 王小平、曹立明. 遗传算法---理论、应用与软件实现[M]西安交通大学出版社2003.3
[58] 李敏强,寇纪淞,林丹等.遗传算法的基本理论与应用,北京:科学出版社,2002.5
[59] 张晓绩,方浩,戴冠中.遗传算法的编码机制研究[J].信息与控制,1999 26(2)pp:134-139
[60] Schraudolph N N, Belew R K. Dynamic Parameter Encoding for Genetic Algorithms. Machine Learning. 1992,9(1):9-21
[61] De Jong K A. An Analysis of the Behavior of a Class of Genetic Adaptive Systems. Ph. D Dissertation, University of Michigan, No.76-9381,1975.
[62] 雷得明.多维实数编码遗传算法.控制与决策.2000, 15(2) pp:239-241
[63] Kreinovich V, Quintana C and Fuentes 0. Genetic Algorithms-What Fitness Scaling is Optimal. Cybernetics and System. 1993. 24 (1)pp:9-26
[64] 辛诽等.遗传算法的适应度函数研究.系统工程与电子技术.1998,11 pp:58-62
[65] Davis L. Adaptive Operator Probability in Genetic Algorithms. In Proc. 3rd Int Conf Genetic Algorithms. 1989 pp: 61-69
[66] 任庆生、叶中行等交叉算子的搜索能力[J]计算机研究与发展1999.11 pp:22-25
[67] 张军英, 许进, 保铮. 遗传交叉运算的可达性研究. 自动化学报. 2002;28(1):120-125
[68] T Kao. S Y Hwang. A Genetic Algorithm with Disruptive Selection. IEEE Transactions on system. Man and cybernetics-part B: Cybernetics. 1996.26(2)
[69] Gao Feng, Shen Yapeng,Li Luxian. Optimal Design of Piezoelectric Actuators for Plate Vibroacoustic Control Using Genetic Algorithms with Immune Diversity, Smart Materials and Structures 94 Aug 2000 IOP:485-491
[70] 汪丽,张铃.用网格实现交叉操作的遗传算法.计算机工程与科学.2000, 22(1):18-20
[71] 李献业,钟绍春.基于遗传算法的多代理规划优化方法.东北师大学报(自然科学版).2000, 32 (1) pp:1-5
[72] 徐立中,杨锦堂.遗传操作的一般性算子及图像恢复处理.电路与系统学报,1999,4(3) pp:80-85
[73] 叶在福,单渊达.基于多种群遗传算法的输电系统扩展规划.电力系统自动化.2000, 24 (5):24-27
[74] Wang Lei, Jiao Licheng. Novel Genetic Algorithm Based on Immunity. Proceedings-IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems Society IEEE V-385-388
[75] 孙建永,申建中等一类自适应遗传算法.西安交通大学学报.2000,(10) pp:84-89
[76] 周激流,吕航. 一种基于新型遗传算法的图像自适应增强算法的研究.计算机学报2001, 24 (9) pp:959-963
[77] 王进,余松煌.基于遗传算法的改进GLA 算法.上海交通大学学报,2000, 34(7)pp:970-972
[78] Rudolph.G Convergence Properties of Canonical Genetic Algorithms IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.1994.5(1) pp:96-101
[79] Grefenstette J J. Optimization of Control Parameters for Genetic Algorithms. IEEE Trans. SMC. 1986,16(1),pp:122-126.
[80] Qi X, Palmieri F. Theoretical Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithms with an Infinite Population Size in Continuous Space Part I: Basic Properties of Selection and Mutation.IEEE Trans. Neural Networks,1994,pp:102-109
[81] 恽为民,席裕庚.遗传算法的收敛性和计算效率的分析,控制理论与应用,1996,13(4),pp:455-460
[82] 张卫丰,徐宝文,周晓宇,管宇,徐蕾.基于遗传算法的搜索引擎调度.微电子学与 计算机.2001;(4) pp:34-38
[83] G.Garai B.B.Chaudhuri A cascaded genetic algorithm for efficient optimization and pattern matching [J]Image and Vision Computing .2002 (20) pp:265-277.
[84] 黄卓君马争鸣. CL 多小波图像编码[J]. 中国图像图形学报. 2001,7(7)pp:662-668.
[85] 杨建波陈贺新李迎春基于遗传算法的CL 多小波预滤波器[J] 吉林大学学报. 2003,21(4):352-356.
[86] Shaprio J M. Emedded image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients. IEEE Trans SP, 1993, 41(12):3445-3462
[87] Said A, Pearlm W A. New, fast,and effcient image coded based on set partitioning in hierachical trees. IEEE Trans Cir & Sys Video Tech, 6(3):243-249
[88] Goodman T N T, Lee S L .Wavelets of multiplieity. Trans on Amer Math Soc. 1994, 342:307-324
[89] Geronimo J S, Hardin D P, Massopust P R. Fractal functions and wavelet expansions based on several sealing functions. J of Approx Theory,1994, 78: 373-401
[90] Donovan G, Geronimo J C, Hardin D P, Massopust P R. Construction of orthogonal wavelets using fractal intepolation functions. SIAM Journal Math Analysis, 1996, 27(4):1158-1192
[91] Xia X G, Suter B W. Vector valued wavelets and vector filter banks. IEEE Signal Processing, 1996,44:508-518
[92] Xia X G, Suter B W. Multirate filter banks with block sampling. IEEE Trans SP,1996, 44: 484-496
[93] Liw. Vector transform and image coding. IEEE Trans SP, 1993, 41:3365-3376
[94] C K Chui, J-a. Lian. A study on orthogonal multiwavelets [J].Appl.Numer.Math.1996, 20(1):273~298.
[95] Strela V. Multiwavelets: theory and application. Phd Thesis, MIT 1996
[96] Rieder P, Gotze J, Nossek J A. Multiwavelet transforms based on several scaling functions.In: Proceedings of IEEE Int Symp on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale
Analysis, Philadelphia, Oct 1994,293-296
[97] Lebrun J, Vetterli M. Balanced multiwavelets theory and design. IEEE Trans SP, 1998,46(4):1119-1125
[98] Jiang Q T. Orthogonal multiwavelets with optimum time-frequency resolution.IEEE Trans SP,1998,46(4):830-844
[99] Jiang Q T. On the design of multifilter banks and orthonormal multiwavelet bases.IEEE Trans SP, 1998,46(12): 3292-3304
[100] Xia X G, Geronimo J S, Hardin D P, Stater B W. Design of prefilters for discrete multiwavelet transforms. IEEE Trans SP, 1996, 44:25-35
[101] Miller J T, Li C C .Adaptive multiwavelet initialization. IEEE Trans SP,1998,46(12): 3282-3292
[102] Xia T, Jiang Q T. Optimal multifilter banks: design, related symmetric extension transform and application to image compression. Preprint,1998
[103] Tham J Y, S L Lee, Tan H H. A general approach for analysis and application of diascrete multiwavelet tramsforms. IEEE Trans SP. 2000 48(2):457-464
[104] Dowine T R, Silverm B W. The discrete multiple wavelet transform and thresholding methods. IEEE Trans SP .1998,46(9): 2558-2561
[105] Strela V, Heller P N, Strang G, Topiwala P, Heil C. The application of multiwavelet filter banks to image processing. IEEE Trans Image Processing.1999,vo1.8: 548-562
[106] Davis G, Nosratinia A. Wavelet-based image coding: an overview .Applid and Computational Control,Signal,and Circuits,1998,44(1):205-269
[107] James E.Fowler , Li Hua Wavelet Transforms for Vector Fields Using mnidirectionally Balanced Multiwavelets[J].IEEE Trans SP 2002 .50 (12):3018~3027
[108] 黄卓君马争鸣. 多小波图像变换的统计分析[J].中国图像图形学报2001,12(12):1198~1203
[109] Kundur D, Hatzinakos D. Digital watermarking for telltale tamper proofing and authentication[C] .Proceedings of the IEEE, July 1999.87:1167~1180.
[110]杨建波,陈贺新等基于遗传算法的OBSA 多小波预滤波器[J]计算机工程与应用2003,39(34):44~46
[111]杨建波,陈贺新,杜春梅基于遗传算法和OBSA 多小波的数字水印技术全国第四届信号与信息处理联合学术会议论文集,2005.7,pp:228~235
[112]杨建波,陈贺新,王选贺基于Opt-rec 多小波数字水印嵌入新方法[J]计算机工程与应用2004,40(36)pp:33~35
[113]王玲,宋国乡,具有无边界失真的多小波[J]电子与信息学2001.23(7)pp:693~699
[114] Shen,L., Tan,H.H.,and Tham,J.Y., Symmetric-antisymmetric orthonormal multiwavelets and related scalar wavelets, Applied and Comput .Harmonic Analysis, Vol.8,no.3, pp: 258-279, May 2000.
[115] Tan,H.H.,Shen,L., and Tham,J.Y., New biorthogormal multiwavelets for image compression, Signal process,[J]Vol.79,no.1,pp:45-65, 1999.
[116] Tham,J.Y., Multiwavelets and Scalable Video Compression Ph.D.Dissertation,National University of Singapore,2002.
[117] 杨建波陈贺新基于遗传算法OBSA 多小波滤波器的优化设计[J] 计算机仿真2005.10,pp:45-49.
[118] Yang Jian-bo,Chen He-xin Du,Chun-mei A new approach to digital watermarking based on OBSA multi-wavelet transform The International progress 2005 on Wavelet Analysis and Active Media Technology
[119] 杨建波陈贺新杜春梅一种改进的混合级联遗传算法将发表在吉林大学学报[信息科学版] 2006 年第1 期
[120] CHUNMEI DU, JIANBO YANG QIUYAN LI CL MULTIWAVELET PRE-FILTER BASED GENETIC ALGORITHMS The 3rd International Conference on Wavelet and Its Applications ,the 2nd International Conference on Active Media Technology ChongQing ,China,May,2004.Vol.1,pp:123-128