豪华大客车车身开发关键技术研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展及人民生活水平的不断提高,旅游行业及各单位购买旅游客车和团体客车时都越来越多地选择了豪华大客车。豪华大客车除车内配置齐全外,其整车造型、结构设计均需要达到较高的水平,使得各客车生产企业都竞相采用先进的设计技术和手段来开发豪华大客车。本文以HSZ6120H豪华大客车开发为例,对其造型设计、结构设计中的一些关键技术进行了探讨和总结,完成了其整车开发,并顺利通过了实验验证。具体工作包括:
(1)对豪华大客车的造型趋势、造型要素进行了市场调研和系统分析,针对豪华大客车造型开发重在开发前期策划的观点,对造型开发前期策划的方式进行了探索。
(2)采用计算机辅助造型方法,对HSZ6120H豪华大客车外形进行了全新设计。针对以往制作小比例模型存在效果偏差、失真等问题,采用了建立外观造型数模,在数控铣床上分块加工泡沫塑料模型,再通过粘接制作1:1实物模型用于验证造型效果的方式,使最后的决策变得容易进行,便于生产验证,大大减少了因为方案的修改带来的繁重的工作量。
(3)对豪华大客车车身结构中各大片的设计原则进行了归纳分析,开发了HSZ6120H豪华大客车的整车骨架结构及车身附件结构。利用ANSYS软件对其骨架结构进行了强度刚度分析。同时,分析了半承载式车身的结构特点,分析了以往将各底盘总成载荷加在其安装部位的方法存在的不足,并采用了在前轮支撑部位用等效集中力来代替的加载方式。
(4)通过对整车的试验,验证了整车的设计。
Along with the rapid development of the national economy and the improvement of people's life, more and more travel companies and enterprises prefer to buy luxury buses. Besides complete equipment, the style and structure design of the luxury buses must meet higher requirements. So, the manufactories have to use advanced technologies and methods in their new bus development. The thesis took the development of HSZ6120H luxury bus as an example. Some key technologies of its style and structure design were studied and summarized. The bus has been manufactured and passed the rule test. Some major contents as follows,
(1) Marketing study and a series of analysis to the style trend and style factors of luxury bus had been conducted. The point of view that the most important task for the bus style is the scheme before development was proposed. The means of the scheme before development was also studied.
(2) By means of computer aided styling method, the style of the HSZ6120H luxury bus was developed. Aimed at the warp of the effect and the distortion exist in the small scaled model, a new method for making the 1:1 model was proposed. It use the computer styling model in the numerical control manufacturing center to sculpture split foam models and then stick them into a full model. So, the 1:1 model can be used to do the evaluation and validation. The heavy works in the style modification can be greatly decreased.
(3) The design principles for the 6 segments of the body structure were studied and summarized, and the body structure of HSZ6120H was developed. The strength and stiffness of the body structure were analyzed by means of ANSYS software. At the same time, the structural characteristics of the half-load body structure were analyzed and the deficiency existing in the load adding method which put the weight of the assemblies on the near nodes was pointed out. A new method which using an equivalent load added on the node corresponding with the front wheel was proposed.
(4) The whole bus design was validated by rule tests.
(1)对豪华大客车的造型趋势、造型要素进行了市场调研和系统分析,针对豪华大客车造型开发重在开发前期策划的观点,对造型开发前期策划的方式进行了探索。
(2)采用计算机辅助造型方法,对HSZ6120H豪华大客车外形进行了全新设计。针对以往制作小比例模型存在效果偏差、失真等问题,采用了建立外观造型数模,在数控铣床上分块加工泡沫塑料模型,再通过粘接制作1:1实物模型用于验证造型效果的方式,使最后的决策变得容易进行,便于生产验证,大大减少了因为方案的修改带来的繁重的工作量。
(3)对豪华大客车车身结构中各大片的设计原则进行了归纳分析,开发了HSZ6120H豪华大客车的整车骨架结构及车身附件结构。利用ANSYS软件对其骨架结构进行了强度刚度分析。同时,分析了半承载式车身的结构特点,分析了以往将各底盘总成载荷加在其安装部位的方法存在的不足,并采用了在前轮支撑部位用等效集中力来代替的加载方式。
(4)通过对整车的试验,验证了整车的设计。
Along with the rapid development of the national economy and the improvement of people's life, more and more travel companies and enterprises prefer to buy luxury buses. Besides complete equipment, the style and structure design of the luxury buses must meet higher requirements. So, the manufactories have to use advanced technologies and methods in their new bus development. The thesis took the development of HSZ6120H luxury bus as an example. Some key technologies of its style and structure design were studied and summarized. The bus has been manufactured and passed the rule test. Some major contents as follows,
(1) Marketing study and a series of analysis to the style trend and style factors of luxury bus had been conducted. The point of view that the most important task for the bus style is the scheme before development was proposed. The means of the scheme before development was also studied.
(2) By means of computer aided styling method, the style of the HSZ6120H luxury bus was developed. Aimed at the warp of the effect and the distortion exist in the small scaled model, a new method for making the 1:1 model was proposed. It use the computer styling model in the numerical control manufacturing center to sculpture split foam models and then stick them into a full model. So, the 1:1 model can be used to do the evaluation and validation. The heavy works in the style modification can be greatly decreased.
(3) The design principles for the 6 segments of the body structure were studied and summarized, and the body structure of HSZ6120H was developed. The strength and stiffness of the body structure were analyzed by means of ANSYS software. At the same time, the structural characteristics of the half-load body structure were analyzed and the deficiency existing in the load adding method which put the weight of the assemblies on the near nodes was pointed out. A new method which using an equivalent load added on the node corresponding with the front wheel was proposed.
(4) The whole bus design was validated by rule tests.
引文
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[2]2004年度客车产销情况汇总表.www.autoinfo.gov.cn,2005-03-14
[3]2004年1-5月客车产销分析报告.www.autoinfo.gov.cn,2004-08-20
[4]中国客车行业探析之一:价值战,客车业的必由之路.www.chinabuses.com,2004-12-31
[5]2004年1-8月高档客车市场浅析(下).www.chinabuses.com,2004-09-14
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[7]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996
[8]黄天泽,黄金陵.汽车车身结构与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[9]陈燕.大客车车身结构的力学分析[J].客车技术与研究,2005,(4):6-9
[10]文广南.气弹簧撑杆的安装研究[J].客车技术与研究,2005,(4):20-21
[11]嘉木工作室.ANSYS 5.7有限元实例分析教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[12]王海霞,汤文成,钟秉林,易红.客车车身骨架有限元建模技术及结果分析[J].机械强度,2002,(4):24-25
[13]王铁刚.客车侧舱门设计[J].客车技术与研究,2006,(1):29-31
[14]杨雄勇.客车造型设计表达[J].客车技术与研究,2004,(5):8-9
[15]王海亮.客车车身结构设计系统及建模技术[J].汽车设计,2001,(10):18-19
[16]胡伟峰,杨雄勇.基于计算机技术的现代客车造型设计[J].客车技术与研究,2005,(1):16-23.
[17]严惠骏.BOVA客车形象识别设计策略研究[J].客车技术与研究,2004,(5):12-15
[18]陈永军.客车侧舱门铰链浅析[J].客车技术与研究,2004,(4):25-27.
[19]陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析-ANSYS使用指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[20]龚培康.汽车拖拉机有限元法基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[21]李小龙.YCK6938H型客车平移式行李舱门四连杆机构的设计[J].客车技术与研究,2004,(3):24-25
[22]杜式斌,王晓敏.并行工程在客车产品开发中的应用[J].客车技术与研究,2004.(2):15-17
[23]曹立波,肖迪虎,肖志.客车车身三维计算机造型设计及模型制作[J].客车技术与研究,2004;(1):5-6
[24]柏魁宇,杨雄勇.基于特征线的客车造型设计方法研究[J].客车技术与研究,2006,(2):20-22
[25]赵洪江.设计艺术的含义[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,2005.
[26]中国汽车技术研究中心标准化研究所.汽车标准汇编(4.车身及附件)[M].天津:中国汽车技术研究中心,2002.
[27]Jan P Norbye.Car Design(Structure and Architecture).USA..Tab Books Inc,1984.
[28]Dormer,Peter.The Meanings of Modern Design.London:Thames and Hudson Ltd,1991.
[29]Jones,J.Christopher.Design Methods.New York:Jone Willey & Sons,1980.
[30]ISO3958.Driver Hand Control Reach
[31]Robert E Barnhill,Richard F Riesenfeld.Computer Aided Geometric Design.New York:Academic Press,1974.
[2]2004年度客车产销情况汇总表.www.autoinfo.gov.cn,2005-03-14
[3]2004年1-5月客车产销分析报告.www.autoinfo.gov.cn,2004-08-20
[4]中国客车行业探析之一:价值战,客车业的必由之路.www.chinabuses.com,2004-12-31
[5]2004年1-8月高档客车市场浅析(下).www.chinabuses.com,2004-09-14
[6]黄天泽.大客车车身[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1988
[7]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996
[8]黄天泽,黄金陵.汽车车身结构与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[9]陈燕.大客车车身结构的力学分析[J].客车技术与研究,2005,(4):6-9
[10]文广南.气弹簧撑杆的安装研究[J].客车技术与研究,2005,(4):20-21
[11]嘉木工作室.ANSYS 5.7有限元实例分析教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[12]王海霞,汤文成,钟秉林,易红.客车车身骨架有限元建模技术及结果分析[J].机械强度,2002,(4):24-25
[13]王铁刚.客车侧舱门设计[J].客车技术与研究,2006,(1):29-31
[14]杨雄勇.客车造型设计表达[J].客车技术与研究,2004,(5):8-9
[15]王海亮.客车车身结构设计系统及建模技术[J].汽车设计,2001,(10):18-19
[16]胡伟峰,杨雄勇.基于计算机技术的现代客车造型设计[J].客车技术与研究,2005,(1):16-23.
[17]严惠骏.BOVA客车形象识别设计策略研究[J].客车技术与研究,2004,(5):12-15
[18]陈永军.客车侧舱门铰链浅析[J].客车技术与研究,2004,(4):25-27.
[19]陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析-ANSYS使用指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[20]龚培康.汽车拖拉机有限元法基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[21]李小龙.YCK6938H型客车平移式行李舱门四连杆机构的设计[J].客车技术与研究,2004,(3):24-25
[22]杜式斌,王晓敏.并行工程在客车产品开发中的应用[J].客车技术与研究,2004.(2):15-17
[23]曹立波,肖迪虎,肖志.客车车身三维计算机造型设计及模型制作[J].客车技术与研究,2004;(1):5-6
[24]柏魁宇,杨雄勇.基于特征线的客车造型设计方法研究[J].客车技术与研究,2006,(2):20-22
[25]赵洪江.设计艺术的含义[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,2005.
[26]中国汽车技术研究中心标准化研究所.汽车标准汇编(4.车身及附件)[M].天津:中国汽车技术研究中心,2002.
[27]Jan P Norbye.Car Design(Structure and Architecture).USA..Tab Books Inc,1984.
[28]Dormer,Peter.The Meanings of Modern Design.London:Thames and Hudson Ltd,1991.
[29]Jones,J.Christopher.Design Methods.New York:Jone Willey & Sons,1980.
[30]ISO3958.Driver Hand Control Reach
[31]Robert E Barnhill,Richard F Riesenfeld.Computer Aided Geometric Design.New York:Academic Press,1974.