基于FPGA技术的激光测距系统研究
摘要
本文的研究内容是在激光测距项目基础上进行的，分析了各种激光测距方法的利弊，最终选用脉冲激光测距的实现方式，并且对脉冲激光测距系统做了深入研究。
本文设计了以FPGA为核心的信号处理模块，实现了对激光信号的编码和译码、对激光发射控制时钟的分频、和内部PLL倍频实现内部高频计时时钟等，提高了系统的精度和稳定性。使用并行脉冲计数法，提高了计时精度，分析了可能产生误差的原因，并且对结果做了相应的修正，减小了激光测距系统的误差。并且制定了四种工作模式，可以根据不同的实际环境选择相应的测距模式，以达到最好的测量效果。
在接收方面突破以往普通的被动接收方式，提出了利用窗函数接收回波的主动接收方式，结合窄带滤光片的滤光效果，提高了系统的抗干扰性能。从课题要求出发，本激光测距系统实现了体积小、功耗低的特点，测量距离相对较近(0.5-50米)，属于近距测量系统。
The essay is based on the project of LRF (Laser Range Finder). It describes the meritand demerit of every class of LRF. EventUally I choose the way of using the laser-pulse tohave the range-measurement. I work hard on this measurement comprehensively.
The result of this essay is to design the digital signal processor based on FPGA, tocode and decode the laser signal, to scale down the clock of launching part of the lasersystem and to use the PLL in the FPGA to make the frequency multiplication and so on.These make the system more stable and accurate. Using the parallel counter to count thepulse of the laser can increase the precision of the system. The essay considered manyreasons which may cause the inaccuracy. Amending these make the system more accurate.It has four patterns which will be used in different environment to make the gauge morereliable.
In the receiving part of the system we receive the backward wave of laser using thewindow function in an active way. Usually the designer will receive the backward wave oflaser directly in a passive way. Using the spectral filter in this part can increase the noiseimmunity of system. The system has characteristics of small volume and low power andcan use in the range of 0.5-50 meters. It can be divided into the category of the short-rangeLaser Range Finder.
本文设计了以FPGA为核心的信号处理模块，实现了对激光信号的编码和译码、对激光发射控制时钟的分频、和内部PLL倍频实现内部高频计时时钟等，提高了系统的精度和稳定性。使用并行脉冲计数法，提高了计时精度，分析了可能产生误差的原因，并且对结果做了相应的修正，减小了激光测距系统的误差。并且制定了四种工作模式，可以根据不同的实际环境选择相应的测距模式，以达到最好的测量效果。
在接收方面突破以往普通的被动接收方式，提出了利用窗函数接收回波的主动接收方式，结合窄带滤光片的滤光效果，提高了系统的抗干扰性能。从课题要求出发，本激光测距系统实现了体积小、功耗低的特点，测量距离相对较近(0.5-50米)，属于近距测量系统。
The essay is based on the project of LRF (Laser Range Finder). It describes the meritand demerit of every class of LRF. EventUally I choose the way of using the laser-pulse tohave the range-measurement. I work hard on this measurement comprehensively.
The result of this essay is to design the digital signal processor based on FPGA, tocode and decode the laser signal, to scale down the clock of launching part of the lasersystem and to use the PLL in the FPGA to make the frequency multiplication and so on.These make the system more stable and accurate. Using the parallel counter to count thepulse of the laser can increase the precision of the system. The essay considered manyreasons which may cause the inaccuracy. Amending these make the system more accurate.It has four patterns which will be used in different environment to make the gauge morereliable.
In the receiving part of the system we receive the backward wave of laser using thewindow function in an active way. Usually the designer will receive the backward wave oflaser directly in a passive way. Using the spectral filter in this part can increase the noiseimmunity of system. The system has characteristics of small volume and low power andcan use in the range of 0.5-50 meters. It can be divided into the category of the short-rangeLaser Range Finder.
引文
1 周天闻，黄进明．我国脉冲激光测距技术的发展．激光禁集．2002(1)
2 王建波．激光测距仪原理及应用．开发应用．2002(6)
3 黄震．脉冲激光测距接收电路与计时方法研究．2004
4 冯青，郑永超．军用脉冲激光测距机的发展及应用．光电技术与信息．2004
5 孙宁，李相银，施振邦．简明激光工程．南京：兵器工业出版社，1992
6 钟声远，李松山．脉冲串激光测距技术研究．激光与红外．2006
7 周思潮．常用电子元件及典型应用．北京：电子工业出版社．2005
8 杨帮文．新编实用半导体器件手册．北京：电子工业出版社．2004
9 雷丽文，朱晓华，蔡征宇，缪均达．微机原理与接口技术．北京：电子工业出版社．2003
10 叶斌．电力电子应用技术．北京：清华大学出版社．2006
11 侯伯亨，顾新．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2004
12 王秀芳．脉冲半导体激光测距研究．四川大学硕士学位论文，2006
13 Jane A. Yatert etc. pulsed laser illumination of photovoltaic cells. 1994IEEE
14 B. Beaumont etc. High efficiency conversion of laser energy and its application to optical power transmission. 1991IEEE
15 T. F. Wiener and S. Karp. The Role of Blue/ Green Laser Systems in Strategic Submarine Communications. IEEE Trans. Commun. 1980. 28(9): 1602-1607
16 Shayan. YR. A cellular time-domain Reed Solomon decoder. Communication Systems: Towards Global Integration. Singapore ICCS '90. Conference Proceedings, 2, 1990
17 温涛，魏急波，马东堂．移动大气激光通信中接收视场角的研究与分析．红外技术．2003(5)
18 Junghwan Kim. High-performance metal-semiconductor-metal photo detectors and optical receiver for optical communication. Dissertation submitted to Faculty of Graduate School of the University Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2001
19 陈殿仁．激光目标识别与通信系统研究．中国科学院博士论文．2000
20 王瑞．大气激光通信光学系统设计和分析．西安理工大学硕士论文．2005
21 陈海清，现代实用光学系统．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2003
22 Gardner, Leland V. Optical Fuze with Improved Range Function. NTIS. ADA123253, 1982
23 王镇道．硅基光接收集成宽带放大器设计．湖南大学硕士论文．2002
24 Chen binglin, Zhang he, Ji tiegang. The design of the LD's driving circuit in laser proximity fuze system based on the double range gate detection. The 11th IEEE International Symposium on Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications EDMO'2003, 2003. 11. 7
25 孙全意．激光近炸引信的体制、定距与识别技术研究．南京理工大学博士论文，2002
26 王水平，王家荣．脉冲激光电源的设计与研制．电源技术应用．2003(3)
27 安毓英，曾晓东．光电探测原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2004
28 王加强，岳新全，李勇．光纤通信工程．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2003
29 孙学康，张金菊．光纤通信技术．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
30 肖国镇，卿斯汉．编码理论．国防工业出版社．1993
31 陈宗杰，左啸彪．纠错码技术．人民邮电出版社．1987
51 潘琢金[译]．C8051F310/1/2/3/4/5 8/18KB ISP FLASH微控制器数据手册．新华龙电子有限公司．2004年11月
52 王礼兵．半导体激光器驱动电源的设计．华侨大学学报自然学科版．1992(3)
2 王建波．激光测距仪原理及应用．开发应用．2002(6)
3 黄震．脉冲激光测距接收电路与计时方法研究．2004
4 冯青，郑永超．军用脉冲激光测距机的发展及应用．光电技术与信息．2004
5 孙宁，李相银，施振邦．简明激光工程．南京：兵器工业出版社，1992
6 钟声远，李松山．脉冲串激光测距技术研究．激光与红外．2006
7 周思潮．常用电子元件及典型应用．北京：电子工业出版社．2005
8 杨帮文．新编实用半导体器件手册．北京：电子工业出版社．2004
9 雷丽文，朱晓华，蔡征宇，缪均达．微机原理与接口技术．北京：电子工业出版社．2003
10 叶斌．电力电子应用技术．北京：清华大学出版社．2006
11 侯伯亨，顾新．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2004
12 王秀芳．脉冲半导体激光测距研究．四川大学硕士学位论文，2006
13 Jane A. Yatert etc. pulsed laser illumination of photovoltaic cells. 1994IEEE
14 B. Beaumont etc. High efficiency conversion of laser energy and its application to optical power transmission. 1991IEEE
15 T. F. Wiener and S. Karp. The Role of Blue/ Green Laser Systems in Strategic Submarine Communications. IEEE Trans. Commun. 1980. 28(9): 1602-1607
16 Shayan. YR. A cellular time-domain Reed Solomon decoder. Communication Systems: Towards Global Integration. Singapore ICCS '90. Conference Proceedings, 2, 1990
17 温涛，魏急波，马东堂．移动大气激光通信中接收视场角的研究与分析．红外技术．2003(5)
18 Junghwan Kim. High-performance metal-semiconductor-metal photo detectors and optical receiver for optical communication. Dissertation submitted to Faculty of Graduate School of the University Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2001
19 陈殿仁．激光目标识别与通信系统研究．中国科学院博士论文．2000
20 王瑞．大气激光通信光学系统设计和分析．西安理工大学硕士论文．2005
21 陈海清，现代实用光学系统．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2003
22 Gardner, Leland V. Optical Fuze with Improved Range Function. NTIS. ADA123253, 1982
23 王镇道．硅基光接收集成宽带放大器设计．湖南大学硕士论文．2002
24 Chen binglin, Zhang he, Ji tiegang. The design of the LD's driving circuit in laser proximity fuze system based on the double range gate detection. The 11th IEEE International Symposium on Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications EDMO'2003, 2003. 11. 7
25 孙全意．激光近炸引信的体制、定距与识别技术研究．南京理工大学博士论文，2002
26 王水平，王家荣．脉冲激光电源的设计与研制．电源技术应用．2003(3)
27 安毓英，曾晓东．光电探测原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2004
28 王加强，岳新全，李勇．光纤通信工程．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2003
29 孙学康，张金菊．光纤通信技术．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
30 肖国镇，卿斯汉．编码理论．国防工业出版社．1993
31 陈宗杰，左啸彪．纠错码技术．人民邮电出版社．1987
51 潘琢金[译]．C8051F310/1/2/3/4/5 8/18KB ISP FLASH微控制器数据手册．新华龙电子有限公司．2004年11月
52 王礼兵．半导体激光器驱动电源的设计．华侨大学学报自然学科版．1992(3)