X111轿车发动机舱热平衡分析与改进
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摘要
汽车热平衡与热管理是从系统集成和整体角度,控制和优化汽车的热量传递过程,保证关键部件或系统安全高效运行。
本文研究的目标车型为全新开发的车型,发动机舱内的布置和有关配置有了较大的变化,其发动机冷却系统能力和机舱温度场情况都有较大的变化。为评价发动机冷却系统是否能够经受市场考验,考核机舱内有无异常热害情况,需要系统分析机舱热平衡问题,进行相应的机舱热评价试验,并根据实际情况对冷却系统或机舱布置进行改进以满足要求。为满足设计要求,本文首先通过一维计算核算系统相关参数,并通过整车环境模拟试验进行验证;为解决环境模拟试验出现的冷却系统过热和机舱热害,结合STAR-ccm+三维分析软件,通过仿真分析,找出并解决热回流问题,最终通过综合测试手段的应用对仿真结果进行验证,最终使产品满足设计要求。通过该项目的实施,有效地将仿真分析和环境试验相结合,缩短了开发周期,进一步积累了自主开发的经验、提高了整车热平衡研究水平。
Heat transfer process is controlled and optimized by heat balance and thermal management from view of integration and the overall angle to make sure the key component or the system work reliably and efficiently.
The vehicle type studied in this thesis is a brand-new vehicle type. The engine compartment arrangement and the related disposition are different. Its engine cooling capability and the engine apartment temperature field also changed. In order to estimate the engine cooling system whether can undergo the market need, whether there is over heat problem in the engine apartment, the system analysis of engine apartment thermal equilibrium question, the hot evaluation test, and the improvement of the cooling system or the engine apartment arrangement to satisfy the request according to the actual situation are needed. In order to satisfy the design requirements, the basic parameter is calculated firstly in this thesis, and the verification is made through the simulation tests. In order to solve the over heat of the cooling system discovered in the simulation tests , by using the STAR-ccm+, through the simulation analysis, the hot backflow question was discovered and solved, the verification was made finally through the line-up test method, which causes the product to satisfy the design requirements finally. In this project, the simulation analysis and the environmental test were used together, which reduced the development cycle, the independent development experience was gained further, the vehicle thermal balance research level was raised.
This main research contents in this thesis are as following:
(1)Through the contrast of the road test data and simulated road test data, the difference between the analysis of actual path condition and the simulated condition experiments was studied.
Make tests with the same vehicle in high temperature and at high speed on highway and in the environment simulation cabin, record parameters, such as engine water temperature, oil temperature, intake air temperature, throttle angle, and so on, to analyze the deference of the engine state at the same load and environment condition in the two test by comparing the parameters. The analysis is helpful to establish reasonable laboratory test evaluation criteria, which makes the correct establishment to the test vehicle.
(2)Through the research of the domestic road condition and the regional climatic conditions, consider the simulated experimental condition, constitute the reasonable inspection test method.
Investigate and study domestic typical road condition, research domestic road construction standard, on the other hand investigate the domestic typical climatic conditions, provides the basis for the indoor simulation test condition determination, enables the vehicle to carry on the experimental appraisal under the appropriate climatic conditions, which makes the paper vehicle under the actual exploitation conditions in reasonable level.
(3)Analyze the air flow structures via the simulation by using STAR-ccm+.
Utilizes the CFD technique, analysis engine apartment flow field condition, through the flow field analysis vehicle low-speed test problem, instructs the design department to solve hot backflow problem in the vehicle, which will enhance the vehicle performance.
(4)Through the measurement of the flow field and the thermal field, the design proposal and the improvement was confirmed, and the similar vehicle which sold in the market were compared by environment tests.
In the experimental study process, contrast among the vehicle sold in the market provides the basis for the correct localization for the paper vehicle level.
(5)By optimizing the design and the engine apartment arrangement, the thermal balance level is raised, heat harm of the engine apartment is solved.
The synthesis using of the road test, the simulation tests and the CFD analysis method, through the reasonable seal method, certain hot backflow problem was solved finally, further the vehicle heat balance level was reached, the operation requirements was achieved.
本文研究的目标车型为全新开发的车型,发动机舱内的布置和有关配置有了较大的变化,其发动机冷却系统能力和机舱温度场情况都有较大的变化。为评价发动机冷却系统是否能够经受市场考验,考核机舱内有无异常热害情况,需要系统分析机舱热平衡问题,进行相应的机舱热评价试验,并根据实际情况对冷却系统或机舱布置进行改进以满足要求。为满足设计要求,本文首先通过一维计算核算系统相关参数,并通过整车环境模拟试验进行验证;为解决环境模拟试验出现的冷却系统过热和机舱热害,结合STAR-ccm+三维分析软件,通过仿真分析,找出并解决热回流问题,最终通过综合测试手段的应用对仿真结果进行验证,最终使产品满足设计要求。通过该项目的实施,有效地将仿真分析和环境试验相结合,缩短了开发周期,进一步积累了自主开发的经验、提高了整车热平衡研究水平。
Heat transfer process is controlled and optimized by heat balance and thermal management from view of integration and the overall angle to make sure the key component or the system work reliably and efficiently.
The vehicle type studied in this thesis is a brand-new vehicle type. The engine compartment arrangement and the related disposition are different. Its engine cooling capability and the engine apartment temperature field also changed. In order to estimate the engine cooling system whether can undergo the market need, whether there is over heat problem in the engine apartment, the system analysis of engine apartment thermal equilibrium question, the hot evaluation test, and the improvement of the cooling system or the engine apartment arrangement to satisfy the request according to the actual situation are needed. In order to satisfy the design requirements, the basic parameter is calculated firstly in this thesis, and the verification is made through the simulation tests. In order to solve the over heat of the cooling system discovered in the simulation tests , by using the STAR-ccm+, through the simulation analysis, the hot backflow question was discovered and solved, the verification was made finally through the line-up test method, which causes the product to satisfy the design requirements finally. In this project, the simulation analysis and the environmental test were used together, which reduced the development cycle, the independent development experience was gained further, the vehicle thermal balance research level was raised.
This main research contents in this thesis are as following:
(1)Through the contrast of the road test data and simulated road test data, the difference between the analysis of actual path condition and the simulated condition experiments was studied.
Make tests with the same vehicle in high temperature and at high speed on highway and in the environment simulation cabin, record parameters, such as engine water temperature, oil temperature, intake air temperature, throttle angle, and so on, to analyze the deference of the engine state at the same load and environment condition in the two test by comparing the parameters. The analysis is helpful to establish reasonable laboratory test evaluation criteria, which makes the correct establishment to the test vehicle.
(2)Through the research of the domestic road condition and the regional climatic conditions, consider the simulated experimental condition, constitute the reasonable inspection test method.
Investigate and study domestic typical road condition, research domestic road construction standard, on the other hand investigate the domestic typical climatic conditions, provides the basis for the indoor simulation test condition determination, enables the vehicle to carry on the experimental appraisal under the appropriate climatic conditions, which makes the paper vehicle under the actual exploitation conditions in reasonable level.
(3)Analyze the air flow structures via the simulation by using STAR-ccm+.
Utilizes the CFD technique, analysis engine apartment flow field condition, through the flow field analysis vehicle low-speed test problem, instructs the design department to solve hot backflow problem in the vehicle, which will enhance the vehicle performance.
(4)Through the measurement of the flow field and the thermal field, the design proposal and the improvement was confirmed, and the similar vehicle which sold in the market were compared by environment tests.
In the experimental study process, contrast among the vehicle sold in the market provides the basis for the correct localization for the paper vehicle level.
(5)By optimizing the design and the engine apartment arrangement, the thermal balance level is raised, heat harm of the engine apartment is solved.
The synthesis using of the road test, the simulation tests and the CFD analysis method, through the reasonable seal method, certain hot backflow problem was solved finally, further the vehicle heat balance level was reached, the operation requirements was achieved.
引文
[1]汽车工程手册编写组,汽车工程手册,设计篇,人民交通出版社,2001,第1版
[2]姚仲鹏,王新国.车辆冷却传热,北京理工大学出版社,2001,第1版
[3]李春明.APF型发动机电子控制冷却系统,汽车技术,2004,第11期
[4]卢广锋,郭新民,孙运柱,尹克荣,牟晓玉.汽车冷却系统水温对发动机性能的影响,山东内燃机2002年第1期
[5]王问雄,汽车发动机冷却系冷却风量的估算,汽车科技,2005年第6期
[6]成晓北,潘立,鞠洪玲.现代车用发动机冷却系统研究进展车用发动机,2008年第1期
[7]尹静,刘永进,郭新民.工程机械发动机和液压系统智能冷却系,山东内燃机,2004年第2期
[8]高文,刘波等.现代汽车发动机冷却系统的发展趋势,交通科技与经济2007年,第3期
[9]肖成永,李健,张建武.发动机冷却系统的建模与仿真,计算机仿真,2003年第9期
[10]高镜惠,花松.汽车发动机冷却系统的模糊控制,小型内燃机与摩托车,2004年第1期
[11]张杰,简述发动机冷却系统设计及散热量的计算,装备制造技术,2004年第2期
[12]齐斌,倪计民,顾宁,仲韵.发动机热管理系统试验和仿真研究,车用发动机,2008年第4期
[13]陈涛,诸葛伟林,赵凯.发动机热管理的系统整体热流体分析研究,中国内燃机学会2005年学术年会暨APC2005年学术年会论文集,武汉:中国内燃机学会,2005
[14]王贤海,杜传进,王文端.汽车热管理研究现状及新进展,拖拉机与农用运输车,2005年第5期
[15]陈志宁,星王ZA6440轻型客车冷却系的改进设计,汽车技术,2000,第3期
[16] QC/T658-2000 ,汽车空调整车降温性能试验方法,中国标准出版社,2000;
[17]杨光兴叶盛焱程善斌,摩托车发动机原理与设计,武汉测绘科技大学出版社,第1版,1993
[18]戴崇洲,道路和环模拟高温高速试验对报告,天津一汽产品开发中心,2008
[19]徐兀,汽车发动机现代设计,人民交通出版社,第1版,1995,P149
[20]季德斌,TJ7101汽车电喷系统海南夏季高温试验报告,天津一汽产品开发中心,2007
[21]董敬庄志常思勤,汽车拖拉机发动机,武汉汽车工业大学出版社,1996,第3版
[22]杨小松,汽车冷却系统匹配性探讨,汽车研究与开发,1999,第2期
[23]陈志宁,星王ZA6440轻型客车冷却系的改进设计,汽车技术,2000,第3期
[24] GB/T 12542-2009汽车热平衡能力道路试验方法
[25]郭新民,翟丽等,汽车发动机智能冷却系统的研究,内燃机工程,2001,22(1)
[26]何碧青,温度传感器,贵州教育学院学报(自然科学),2005,16(2)
[27]张建波,韩崧,浅谈温度测量的发展现状,计量与测试技术,2001,第2期
[24] GB/T 12542-2009汽车热平衡能力道路试验方法
[25] Pang H H,Brace C J,Akehurst S.Potential of a Con—trollable Engine Cooling System to Reduce N0。Emissionsin Diesel Engines[C].SAE Paper 2004—04—0054
[26] Finlay IC,Tugwell W,Biddulph T,et a1.The Influenceof Temperature on the Performance of a Four Cylinder1100cc Engine Employing Dual Cooling Systemi Proceedings of the International Centre for Heat andMass Transfer.[S.1.]:[s.n.],1989:423—431.
[27] Robinson K,Campbell N A F,Hawley J G,et a1.AReview of Precision Engine Cooling[C].SAE Paper1999—01—0578.
[28] Alan Berry,Martin Blissett.A New Approach to ImprovingFuel Economy and Performance Predictionthrough Coupled Thermal Systems Simulation[c].SAE Paper 2002—01—1208.
[29]Mahmoud K G,Loibner E,wiealer B.Simulatiol based vehicle therml management systenl-concept and method0109y[C].sAE Paper 2003一01一0276.
[30] Kamel Mahmoud,Johann Krammer.AVL Solution-Thermal Management during Engine Warm-up ,FLOWMAsTER User Group Meeting-China.China:[s.n.],2006.
[31]Djilali N,Lu D.Influence of Heat Transfer on Gas and Water Transport in Fuel Cells[J].International Journal of Thermal Science,2002(41):29-4
[32]杨世铭,陶文拴.传热学,北京高等教育出版社,1998
[33]张扬军,张钊.汽车发动机热管理仿真系统,中国内燃机学会学术会议,珠海
[34]罗建曦,詹樟松,张扬军.汽车底部复杂流场数值模拟研究.汽车工程,2003,25(4)
[35] [西德]H·梅梯格,高速内燃机设计[M ],北京:机械工业出版社, 1981
[36] H·李斯特A·匹辛格,内燃机设计总论[M ]1内燃机全集, 1986
[37]杨连生,内燃机设计[M ]1北京:中国农业机械出版社,吉林工业大学1980
[38]谢金明,钱锐,郑国胜等,发动机冷却系的前端进风需求计算,制冷技术, 2008(4)
[39]东北工学院,李诗久,工程流体力学[M ]1北京:机械工业出版社, 1989
[40]李斯特工程热力学[M],北京:化学工业出版社,1990
[41]Pang H H,Brace C J,Akehurst S.Potential of a Controllable Engine Cooling System to Reduce NOx Emissions in Diesel Engines[C].SAE Paper 2004.04—0054.
[42]Finlay IC,Tugwell W,Biddulph T,et a1.The Influence of Temperature on the Performance of a Four Cylinder 1100cc Engine Employing Dual Cooling SystemiC] Proceedings of the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer,[S.1.]:[s.n.],1989:423—431.
[43]Imdat Taymaz.An experimental study of energy balance in low heat rejection diesel engine[J].Elsevier Paper:Energy,2006(31):364—371.
[44]Elena Cortona,Christopher H Onder.Engine Thermal Management with Electric Cooling Pump[C].SAE Paper 2000—01—0965.
[45]Hoon Cho,Dohoy Jung,Zoran S Filipi,et a1.Application of Controllable Electric Coolant Pump for Fuel Economy And Cooling Performance Improvement[C].IMECE 2004—6 1056.
[46]Perset D,Jouannet B.Simulation of a Cooling Loopfor a Variable Speed Fan System[C].SAE Paper 1999—01-0576.
[47]尹静,刘永进,郭新民,等.工程机械发动机和液压系统智能冷却系白.山东内燃机,2004(2)
[48]小岛克己.自动车用热交换器[M].日本:日本自动车部品工业会,2005:127—158.
[49]武田信之.载货汽车设计[M].方泳龙译.北京:人民交通出版社,1997:23—41.
[50]德国B0sCH公司.BOSCH汽车工程手册[M]。第2版.顾柏良译.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004:465—470.
[51]张铁柱,张洪信.水冷柴油机冷却液最佳工作温度的试验研究[J].内燃机学报, 2002, 20(4): 377-380..
[2]姚仲鹏,王新国.车辆冷却传热,北京理工大学出版社,2001,第1版
[3]李春明.APF型发动机电子控制冷却系统,汽车技术,2004,第11期
[4]卢广锋,郭新民,孙运柱,尹克荣,牟晓玉.汽车冷却系统水温对发动机性能的影响,山东内燃机2002年第1期
[5]王问雄,汽车发动机冷却系冷却风量的估算,汽车科技,2005年第6期
[6]成晓北,潘立,鞠洪玲.现代车用发动机冷却系统研究进展车用发动机,2008年第1期
[7]尹静,刘永进,郭新民.工程机械发动机和液压系统智能冷却系,山东内燃机,2004年第2期
[8]高文,刘波等.现代汽车发动机冷却系统的发展趋势,交通科技与经济2007年,第3期
[9]肖成永,李健,张建武.发动机冷却系统的建模与仿真,计算机仿真,2003年第9期
[10]高镜惠,花松.汽车发动机冷却系统的模糊控制,小型内燃机与摩托车,2004年第1期
[11]张杰,简述发动机冷却系统设计及散热量的计算,装备制造技术,2004年第2期
[12]齐斌,倪计民,顾宁,仲韵.发动机热管理系统试验和仿真研究,车用发动机,2008年第4期
[13]陈涛,诸葛伟林,赵凯.发动机热管理的系统整体热流体分析研究,中国内燃机学会2005年学术年会暨APC2005年学术年会论文集,武汉:中国内燃机学会,2005
[14]王贤海,杜传进,王文端.汽车热管理研究现状及新进展,拖拉机与农用运输车,2005年第5期
[15]陈志宁,星王ZA6440轻型客车冷却系的改进设计,汽车技术,2000,第3期
[16] QC/T658-2000 ,汽车空调整车降温性能试验方法,中国标准出版社,2000;
[17]杨光兴叶盛焱程善斌,摩托车发动机原理与设计,武汉测绘科技大学出版社,第1版,1993
[18]戴崇洲,道路和环模拟高温高速试验对报告,天津一汽产品开发中心,2008
[19]徐兀,汽车发动机现代设计,人民交通出版社,第1版,1995,P149
[20]季德斌,TJ7101汽车电喷系统海南夏季高温试验报告,天津一汽产品开发中心,2007
[21]董敬庄志常思勤,汽车拖拉机发动机,武汉汽车工业大学出版社,1996,第3版
[22]杨小松,汽车冷却系统匹配性探讨,汽车研究与开发,1999,第2期
[23]陈志宁,星王ZA6440轻型客车冷却系的改进设计,汽车技术,2000,第3期
[24] GB/T 12542-2009汽车热平衡能力道路试验方法
[25]郭新民,翟丽等,汽车发动机智能冷却系统的研究,内燃机工程,2001,22(1)
[26]何碧青,温度传感器,贵州教育学院学报(自然科学),2005,16(2)
[27]张建波,韩崧,浅谈温度测量的发展现状,计量与测试技术,2001,第2期
[24] GB/T 12542-2009汽车热平衡能力道路试验方法
[25] Pang H H,Brace C J,Akehurst S.Potential of a Con—trollable Engine Cooling System to Reduce N0。Emissionsin Diesel Engines[C].SAE Paper 2004—04—0054
[26] Finlay IC,Tugwell W,Biddulph T,et a1.The Influenceof Temperature on the Performance of a Four Cylinder1100cc Engine Employing Dual Cooling Systemi Proceedings of the International Centre for Heat andMass Transfer.[S.1.]:[s.n.],1989:423—431.
[27] Robinson K,Campbell N A F,Hawley J G,et a1.AReview of Precision Engine Cooling[C].SAE Paper1999—01—0578.
[28] Alan Berry,Martin Blissett.A New Approach to ImprovingFuel Economy and Performance Predictionthrough Coupled Thermal Systems Simulation[c].SAE Paper 2002—01—1208.
[29]Mahmoud K G,Loibner E,wiealer B.Simulatiol based vehicle therml management systenl-concept and method0109y[C].sAE Paper 2003一01一0276.
[30] Kamel Mahmoud,Johann Krammer.AVL Solution-Thermal Management during Engine Warm-up ,FLOWMAsTER User Group Meeting-China.China:[s.n.],2006.
[31]Djilali N,Lu D.Influence of Heat Transfer on Gas and Water Transport in Fuel Cells[J].International Journal of Thermal Science,2002(41):29-4
[32]杨世铭,陶文拴.传热学,北京高等教育出版社,1998
[33]张扬军,张钊.汽车发动机热管理仿真系统,中国内燃机学会学术会议,珠海
[34]罗建曦,詹樟松,张扬军.汽车底部复杂流场数值模拟研究.汽车工程,2003,25(4)
[35] [西德]H·梅梯格,高速内燃机设计[M ],北京:机械工业出版社, 1981
[36] H·李斯特A·匹辛格,内燃机设计总论[M ]1内燃机全集, 1986
[37]杨连生,内燃机设计[M ]1北京:中国农业机械出版社,吉林工业大学1980
[38]谢金明,钱锐,郑国胜等,发动机冷却系的前端进风需求计算,制冷技术, 2008(4)
[39]东北工学院,李诗久,工程流体力学[M ]1北京:机械工业出版社, 1989
[40]李斯特工程热力学[M],北京:化学工业出版社,1990
[41]Pang H H,Brace C J,Akehurst S.Potential of a Controllable Engine Cooling System to Reduce NOx Emissions in Diesel Engines[C].SAE Paper 2004.04—0054.
[42]Finlay IC,Tugwell W,Biddulph T,et a1.The Influence of Temperature on the Performance of a Four Cylinder 1100cc Engine Employing Dual Cooling SystemiC] Proceedings of the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer,[S.1.]:[s.n.],1989:423—431.
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