新型地铁用直流断路器研究
摘要
随着国民经济的迅速发展和城市人口的不断增加,地铁作为一种无污染、快速便捷的新型城市交通方式越来越受到很多大中型城市的欢迎。现有的地铁供电系统中采用的直流断路器在极端短路故障时容易烧损,对地铁的维护和运营造成了不利影响。本文针对这一问题,从电弧的角度,通过对传统直流断路器进行仿真研究,认为烧损直流断路器触头的主要原因是直流断路器无法熄灭极大故障电流产生的直流电弧。从而本文中提出了一种新型地铁用直流断路器设计方案,并对新型直流断路器开展了仿真研究,仿真结果证明新型直流断路器在抑制电弧产生、快速开断直流电路方面效果显著。
直流断路器仿真模型的构造是建立在实地调研所得到的数据基础上的。该电路将实际地铁供电系统简化后,引入麦也尔(Mayr)电弧模型作为直流断路器主触头,在Matlab平台上对传统直流断路器和新型直流断路器进行仿真研究。文中给出了麦也尔模型具体参数的选择、电路参数的选取以及新型直流断路器的工作原理。通过对传统直流断路器的仿真证明了烧损断路器触头的直接原因是电弧无法熄灭；通过对新型断路器的仿真证明了新型断路器能有效抑制电弧并产生人工过零点,将直流电弧的熄灭转化为交流电弧的熄灭,降低了熄灭大电流电弧的难度。
新型地铁用直流断路器的设计包括断路器主电路的设计和控制装置的设计。主电路设计部分主要给出了各个原件在断路器中的作用和选择方法；控制装置的设计包括硬件设计和软件设计两个部分。控制装置以DSP2812作为控制核心,设计了数据采集板、数据处理板等元器件,电流电压值的计算采用DSP自带FFT函数库进行,保证能快速地计算出电流电压的数值,提供给控制装置进行分析。
With the rapid development of national economy and a huge population migration to the country's cities, the subway, as a pollution-free, faster and convenient urban traffic mode, is popular in many large or middle cities. The DC breaker used in the existing power supply system for subway is easily burned when there is extreme short circuit,which causes adverse impact to the maintain and operation of the subway. To solve the problem, based on the arc and simulation study on traditional DC breaker, this paper points out that it is the DC breaker's failure to burn out the DC arc with extreme short circuit caused the contact burning. The paper puts forward a new design concept of subway DC breaker and simulation is also carried out.The result indicates that the new DC breaker has meaningful results on preventing the arcing and fast-speed switching of DC breaker circuit.
The whole simulation circuit is designed on the data from survey and study. After simplifying subway power supply system, the circuit introduce Mayr arc as the Main contact of the DC breaker, do research both on the traditional DC breaker and the new DC breaker based on the matlab platform. The paper gives out the selection of detail parameters of the Mayr model and circuit parameter. It also gives the principle of new DC breaker. The simulation of the traditional DC breaker shows that it is the failure to burn out the arc caused the contact burning, the simulation of the new DC breaker shows that it can reduce the arc and produce artificial zero value,change the DC arc extinguish to the AC extinguish. This makes it is more easy to put out the arc.
The design of the new subway DC breaker includes the design of the breaker main circuit and design of the control device. Design Process of the main circuit gives the action and the Selection method of each part, the design of the control device includes two parts, they are hardware design and software design. Based on DSP2812, the control device has designed the parts of data acquisition board and data processing board and so on. The calculation of current and voltage value adopt FFT Function Library with the DSP. Make sure that it can calculate the data quickly and supply to the Control Segment to analyze.
直流断路器仿真模型的构造是建立在实地调研所得到的数据基础上的。该电路将实际地铁供电系统简化后,引入麦也尔(Mayr)电弧模型作为直流断路器主触头,在Matlab平台上对传统直流断路器和新型直流断路器进行仿真研究。文中给出了麦也尔模型具体参数的选择、电路参数的选取以及新型直流断路器的工作原理。通过对传统直流断路器的仿真证明了烧损断路器触头的直接原因是电弧无法熄灭；通过对新型断路器的仿真证明了新型断路器能有效抑制电弧并产生人工过零点,将直流电弧的熄灭转化为交流电弧的熄灭,降低了熄灭大电流电弧的难度。
新型地铁用直流断路器的设计包括断路器主电路的设计和控制装置的设计。主电路设计部分主要给出了各个原件在断路器中的作用和选择方法；控制装置的设计包括硬件设计和软件设计两个部分。控制装置以DSP2812作为控制核心,设计了数据采集板、数据处理板等元器件,电流电压值的计算采用DSP自带FFT函数库进行,保证能快速地计算出电流电压的数值,提供给控制装置进行分析。
With the rapid development of national economy and a huge population migration to the country's cities, the subway, as a pollution-free, faster and convenient urban traffic mode, is popular in many large or middle cities. The DC breaker used in the existing power supply system for subway is easily burned when there is extreme short circuit,which causes adverse impact to the maintain and operation of the subway. To solve the problem, based on the arc and simulation study on traditional DC breaker, this paper points out that it is the DC breaker's failure to burn out the DC arc with extreme short circuit caused the contact burning. The paper puts forward a new design concept of subway DC breaker and simulation is also carried out.The result indicates that the new DC breaker has meaningful results on preventing the arcing and fast-speed switching of DC breaker circuit.
The whole simulation circuit is designed on the data from survey and study. After simplifying subway power supply system, the circuit introduce Mayr arc as the Main contact of the DC breaker, do research both on the traditional DC breaker and the new DC breaker based on the matlab platform. The paper gives out the selection of detail parameters of the Mayr model and circuit parameter. It also gives the principle of new DC breaker. The simulation of the traditional DC breaker shows that it is the failure to burn out the arc caused the contact burning, the simulation of the new DC breaker shows that it can reduce the arc and produce artificial zero value,change the DC arc extinguish to the AC extinguish. This makes it is more easy to put out the arc.
The design of the new subway DC breaker includes the design of the breaker main circuit and design of the control device. Design Process of the main circuit gives the action and the Selection method of each part, the design of the control device includes two parts, they are hardware design and software design. Based on DSP2812, the control device has designed the parts of data acquisition board and data processing board and so on. The calculation of current and voltage value adopt FFT Function Library with the DSP. Make sure that it can calculate the data quickly and supply to the Control Segment to analyze.
引文
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[2]谷水清,李凤荣.电力系统继电保护.2005年9月第一版.北京：中国电力出版社,2005,96-159
[3]张仁豫,陈昌渔,王昌长.高电压实验技术.2003年5月第二版.北京：清华大学出版社,2005,204-214
[4]陈永真.电容器及其应用.2005年10月第一版.北京：科学技术出版社,2005,105-229
[5]林莘.现代高压电器技术.2002年10月第一版.北京：机械工业出版社,2002,140-358
[6]韩民晓,文俊,徐永海.高压直流输电原理与运行.2009年1月第一版.北京：机械工业出版社,2009,215-230
[7]周存和.并联电容器及其成套装置.2008年6月第一版.北京：中国电力出版社,2008,70-79
[8]黄文梅,杨勇,熊桂林等.系统仿真分析与设计——MATLAB语言工程应用.2001年12月第一版.长沙：国防科技大学出版社,2001,31-100
[9]白忠敏,於崇干,刘百震等.现代电力工程直流系统.2003年9月第一版.北京：中国电力出版社,2003,99-170
[10]王念旭.DSP基础与应用系统设计.2001年8月第一版.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2001,180-230
[11]冯仲民.有载分接开关的应用.2004年2月第一版.北京：中国电力出版社,2004,169-186
[12]第一时间工作室.Visual C++ 6.0程序设计技能百炼.2004年1月第一版.北京：中国铁道出版社,2004,80-136
[13]韩安太,刘侍飞,黄海.DSP控制器原理及在运动控制系统中的应用.2003年10月第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2003,175-230
[14]徐科生,张瀚,陈智渊.TMS320X281X DSP原理与应用.2006年8月第一版．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,215-330
[15](美)H.Wayne Beaty.电力计算手册.《电力计算手册》翻译组(译).2007年2月第二版.北京：中国电力出版社,2007,270-330
[16]文远芳.高电压技术.2001年1月第一版.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2001, 215—233
[17]王晶,翁国庆,张有兵.电力系统的MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真与应用.2008年9月第一版.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008,187-223
[18]胡寿松.自动控制原理.2001年2月第四版.北京：科学出版社,2004,515—621
[19]P.H. SCHAVEMAKER, L.VAN DER SLUIS. The arc model blockset [J].POWER and ENERGY SYSTEMS,2002,25 (5):644-648
[20]吉峰.有载分解断路器直流波形测试及其判断.变压器,1999,21(30),42-45.
[21]徐晓静,孙明灿,陈庆春.同步关合技术在无功补偿中的应用.高压电器,2007,43(50),333-335
[22]王广峰,孙玉坤,陈坤华.地铁直流牵引供电系统中的DDL保护.电力系统及其自动化学报,2007,19(1),59-62.
[23]肖伟强.广州地铁2号线1500V直流断路器的控制保护.机车电传动,2006,25(9),50-53.
[24]冯如鹤,冯密罗,孔金生.基于电流变化率的短路检测保护方法.煤矿机械,2008,29(5),171-172
[25]王瑞峰,米根锁.霍尔传感器在直流电流检测中的应用.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6),312-313.
[26]袁洪平,李冬根.短路电流对高压断路器及其开断电流选择的影响.江西电力,2009,33(1),42-45.
[27]高学军,叶炜.基于TMS 320 LF 2407的FFT算法的实现及应用.电子技术,2009,33(1),25-27
[28]唐春光,’张建国,唐文海.1500 V直流牵引变电所直流保护测控装置试验及应用.煤炭技术,2008,27(7),46-47
[29]王明飞.城市轨道交通直流隔离开关闭锁分析.都市快轨交通,2009,22(5),32-34
[30]何郁,漆柏林.直流接地引起断路器跳闸的原因分析及对策.继电器,2001,29(11),51-52
[31]Tongxin Zheng, Makram, E.B.. An adaptive arc furnace model. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,,2007,35(3),724-730
[32]Xiang Zhang, Jiaosuo Zhang, Pietsch, G. Estimation of the Arc Power During a Three-Phase Arc Fault in MV Electrical Installations. Plasma Science, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,,2001,29(11),51-52
[33]Zeller, P.R., Rieder, W.F. Arc structure, arc motion, and gas pressure between laterally enclosed arc runners. Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,,2001,24(3),337-341
[34]廖永衡,冯晓云,张峻领等.地铁供电系统直流侧短路暂态过程分析.电力电子技术,2009,43(12),28-30
[35]许成金.大功率电子型直流磁场断路器.电气开关,2001,2001(1),1-3
[36]罗隆福,张志文,许加柱等.小电弧大电流直流开关.国家级.专利申请号200910042574.4
[37]宋政湘,李东玮,陈会林.低压电弧故障的研究与分析.低压电器.2009,2009(17),1-4
[38]周玮,臧春艳,何俊佳.电气参数和机械参数对继电器直流电弧的影响.中国电机工程学报.2009,26(19),21-24
[39]Yongjoong Lee, Specht, M., Riechert, U. etal. Simulation of switching behavior of free burning electric arcs. Plasma Science,2008. ICOPS 2008. IEEE 35th International Conference, Karlsruhe:2008,1-1
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